2025-2026學(xué)年上海市彭浦中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期9月月考英語試卷Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionA（1*20＝20）（A）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.LabubudollsInrecentmonths,everywhereIgo,there’sbeenoneaccessoryoneveryone’slipsandbags.____1____Iwantedtograbonemyself,thetruthis,theyarehardertobuythanyouthink.____2____viralproductsofthepast(suchastheStanleycraze),theyselloutinsecondsjusttopopuponresalesitesforfivetimestheoriginalpricetag.Nowlet’sgetintothehistoryofthesepopularLabubudolls.They____3____(originate)inHongKongin2015,atimewhendesignertoyswerebeginningtocaptureglobalattention.____4____(know)aselves(小精靈)setthemapartfromtheirpopularpredecessors(HelloKittyandotherplushcharacters).TheycametofruitioninaNordic-inspiredpicturebookthatartistKasingLungcreated.Aftertheinitialreleaseofthebook,thepopulartoycompanyPopMartcreatedthefirstcollectiblecollectionforsalein2019,andsincethen,saleshavesoaredasnewcollectionsarereleased.TheLabubucreaturesareapartofatribeperceivedas“TheMonsters,”andothermembersofthegroupincludeZimomo,Mokokoandmore.Fromcollectiontocollection,eachcanbeseenwearingvariousoutfits,differentfacialfeaturesandfunnyaccessories.Butdon’tletthenaughtysmilemakeyouthinkLabubuareevil.Lungsaystheyarewell-naturedlittlecreatureswhohavenothingbutgoodintentionsand____5____theysometimesinevitablyendupinadifficulty.Now,____6____makesLabubusopopular,besidestheobviouscutecharm,isthattheyarecollectiblesandhardtoget,soitaddstotheexcitementofthehunt.Theyalsocomeinblindboxessothehuntbecomes____7____(hard)ifyouhaveaparticularcolororMonsterinmind.Becauseofmysteryoftheblindboxes,therevealcanbeasurprisewhichiswhymanyfansrecordtheirfirstimpressionoftheircreature____8____(capture)themoment.Thisexcitementtranscendsagegroupsandcommunities,witheveryonefrompopstarstomiddleschoolstudents____9____(wear)thebagcharms.Itcreatesasenseofjoyandamoment____10____youcansay,“Yes,IsucceededandfoundaLabubu.”（B）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ScientificPersonalitiesSinceancientGreece,peoplehaveusedzodiacsigns(星座)tojudgeaperson’scharactertraits.Eventoday,itseemsthatpeoplearestillfascinatedwithtrying____11____(figure)outpeople’spersonalitytypesbasedonscience.AccordingtoTheWashingtonPost,anewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureHumanBehavioronSept17____12____tellussomethingmoreaboutwhoweare.Itidentifiedfourpersonalitytypes:reserved,rolemodels,averageandself-centered.Inthisstudy,about1.5millionparticipantsfromtheUSandtheUKwereaskedtorate____13____numberofwrittenstatements.Thesestatementswereallrelatedtothefivemainpersonalitytraitseveryone____14____(believe)topossess:extroversion,agreeableness,conscientiousness,emotionalstabilityandopenness.Researchers,withtheaidofcomputersoftware,foundthatself-centeredpeoplescoredhigheronextroversion,butlowerthanaverageontheotherfourtraits.“Thesearepeopleyoudon’twanttohangoutwith,”co-authorWilliamRevelle,professorofpsychology,toldtheDailyMail.Membersofthereservedgroupwerelacking____15____opennessandextroversion,butweremoreagreeableandconscientious.Thesepeopleareusuallyunwillingtotrynewthings,butarekindandcooperative,accordingtothestudy.People____16____(define)asrolemodelsscoredwellinmosttraits,butwereweakinemotionalstability.“Thesearepeoplewhoaredependableandopentonewideas,”LuísAmaral,co-directoroftheNorthwesternInstituteonComplexSystemsintheUS,toldNewsweek.“Thesearegoodpeopletobeinchargeofthings.Infact,lifeiseasierifyouhavemoredealingswithrolemodels.”____17____thesethreepersonalitytypes,atotallynewtypewasfound:average.Thistype,accordingtoScienceDaily,getaveragescoresinalltraits.Femalesaremorelikelythanmalestofallintothistype.Thestudyalsoshowsthatthereisconnectionbetweenpersonalitytype,genderandage,reportedTheWashingtonPost.Forexample,rolemodelsareusuallyseniors,____18____thetraitsoftheself-centeredtypemainlyfallinteenagemales.However,“certainfacets(方面)arechanging,”AmaraltoldUSAToday.“____19____peoplematureandgrow,theirpersonalityalsomaturesandgrows.Ithinkthereisapositivemessagethatpeoplematureandtheymoveto____20____(desirable)characteristics.”SectionB（1*10＝10）Directions:Completethefollowingsentencesbyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachcanonlybeusedonce.A.targetedB.limitC.subjectD.insightfulE.justifyF.projectedG.chieflyH.accessibleI.admittedlyJ.purchaseK.prizedWelivetodayindebtedtoMcCardell,Cashin,andotherwomenwhofreedAmericanfashionfromthe___21___ofParisiandesign.Thesedesignersestablishedthemoderndresscode,lettingplaysuitsandotheractiveoutfitssuitcasualclothing,allowingpantstoenterthewardrobe,andpromotingrationalismandutility(實用性)indress,incontrasttodressingforanoccasion.FashioninAmericawaslogicaland___22___onlytothewillofthewomenwhoworeit.Americanfashionaddressedademocracy,whereastraditionalParis-basedfashionwasconventionalandimposedonwomen,willingornot.Inanearliertime,___23___,AmericanfashionhadfollowedtheleadofParis,orevenpirated(竊用)specificFrenchdesigns.However,designersportswearwasnotmodeledonthatofEurope;itwasgenuinelyinventedanddevelopedinAmerica.Thedesignobjectiveandthebusinesscommitmentwere___24___atsportswear,andthedistinctivetraitswereproblem-solvingingenuity(獨(dú)創(chuàng)性)andrealisticlifestyleapplications.Easeofcarewasmostimportant:summerdressesandoutfits,inparticular,were___25___cotton,readilycapableofbeingwashedandpressedathome.Clothesweresimple,practical,and___26___,asthemodernwomandependedonnopersonalmaidtodressher.Americandesigners___27___thefreedomofwomenwhoworetheclothing.Manyhavearguedthatthewomendesignersofthattime___28___theirownclothingvaluesintoanewstyle.Ofcourse,muchofthisargumentinthe1930s-40swasadvancedbecausetherewaslittleornoexperienceindesigningclothesonthebasisofutility.Butcouldutilityalone___29___thenewideasoftheAmericandesigners?Fashionisoftenregardedasapursuitofbeauty,andsomecherishedfashion’srelationshiptothefinearts.WhatthedesignersoftheAmericansportswearprovedwasthatfashionisadesignart,answeringtothedemandingneedsofservice.Ofcoursethesepractical,___30___designershavedeterminedthecourseoflatetwentieth-centuryfashion.Theywerethepioneersofgenderequity,intheiruseful,adaptableclothing,whichwasbothmadeforthemassesandcapableofself-expression.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionA（1*15＝15）Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ThePsychologyofDiscountingWhenretailerswanttopersuadecustomerstobuyaparticularproduct,theytypicallyofferitatadiscount.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedintheJournalofMarketing,however,theyare____31____atrick.Ateamofresearchers,ledbyAkshayRaooftheUniversityofMinnesota’sCarlsonSchoolofManagement,____32____consumers’attitudestodiscounting.Shoppers,theyfound,muchprefergettingsomethingextrafreetogettingsomethingcheaper.Themainreasonisthatmostpeoplearepooratfractions(分?jǐn)?shù)).Consumersoftenstruggletorealize,____33____,thata50％increaseinquantityisthesameasa33％discountinprice,andtheyoverwhelmingly____34____theformerisabetteroption.Inanexperiment,theresearcherssold73％morehandcreamwhenitwasofferedinabonus____35____thanwhenitcarriedanequivalentdiscount(evenafterallotherfactors,suchasadesiretostockpilewerecontrolledfor).Thismathematicalblindspotremainsevenwhenthedealclearly____36____thediscountedproduct.Inanotherexperiment,thistimeonhisundergraduates,Mr.Raoofferedtwo____37____onloosecoffeebeans:33％extrafreeor33％offtheprice.Thediscountisbyfarthebetterproposition,butthesupposedlycleverstudentsviewedthemas____38____.Studieshaveshownotherwaysinwhichretailerscanmakeuseofconsumers’mathematical____39____.Oneistoconfusethemwith____40____discounting.Peoplearemorelikelytoseea(n)____41____inaproductthathasbeenreducedby20％,andthenbyanadditional25％,thanonethathasbeensubjecttoanequivalent,one-off,40％reduction.Marketingtypescandrawlessonsbeyondjust____42____,saysMrRao.Whenadvertisinganewcar’sefficiency,forexample,itismore____43____totalkaboutthenumberofextramilespergallonitdoes,ratherthantheequivalentpercentage____44____infuelconsumption.Theremaybeabundantlessonsforopinionatedconsumerstolearnfrom.Even____45____shoppersareeasilyfoxed.Sendingeveryonebacktoschoolformathsrefresher-coursesseemsoutofthequestion.Butmorenoticeablydisplayedunitpricesinshopsandadvertisementswouldbeagreathelp.31.A.missing B.learning C.playing D.trying32.A.communicatedwith B.lookedat C.reliedon D.engagedin33.A.bycontrast B.afterall C.forexample D.asusual34.A.indicate B.assume C.oppose D.confess35.A.request B.campaign C.pack D.conduct36.A.blows B.favours C.enforces D.initiates37.A.deals B.discount C.situations D.decisions38.A.profound B.distant C.distinct D.equivalent39A.inaccessibility B.failure C.illiteracy D.dependence40.A.substantial B.double C.special D.accurate41.A.innovation B.price C.bargain D.quality42A.commercializing B.pricing C.advertising D.retailing43.A.fundamental B.aggressive C.logical D.convincing44.A.fall B.usage C.volume D.increase45.A.thorough-bred B.well-educated C.so-called D.good-temperedSectionB（2*11＝22）Directions:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Theysayacathasninelives,andIthinkthatpossiblesinceIamnowlivingmythirdlifeandI’mnotevenacat.MyfatherdiedwhenIwas15,andwehadahardstruggletomakealiving.Andmymother,whowasseriouslyillinherlastyears,diedwhilestillinher60s.Mysistermarriedsoonafter,andIfollowedherexamplewithintheyear.Myfirstlifewasadream:happy,healthy,withagreatjobandabeautifulhome.Butthenaprogressivemotornervediseaseendedit,affectingmyrightarmandleg,andthenmyleftside.Mysecondlifehadbegun.Despitemyillness,Idrovetoworkwithspecialequipment.Istayedoptimisticthankstothe14stepsfrommygaragetothekitchen.Thosestepsweremyyardstick—adailychallenge.IfeltthatifIcouldnolongermanagethose14steps,Iwouldfinallyadmitdefeatanddie.OnadarkAugustnightin1971,mythirdlifebegan.Drivinghomethroughastorm,mysteeringwheelsuddenlyjerkedandIheardatireblowout.Forme,changingatirewasutterlyimpossible.IstartedtheengineandslowlydroveontheflattireuntilIfoundahousewithlightedwindows.Ipulledintothedrivewayandhonkedthehornforhelp.Thedooropenedandalittlegirlstoodthere.Whensheknewwhathappenedtome,shewentintothehouseandamomentlatercameout,followedbyamanwhocalledacheerfulgreeting.Isattherecomfortablyanddry,andfeltabitsorryforthemanandthelittlegirlworkingsohardinthestorm.Aboutanhourlater,theman’svoicewasheard,“Thisisabadnightforcartrouble,butyou’reallsetnow.”“Thanks,”Isaid.“HowmuchdoIoweyou?”Heshookhishead,“Nothing.Cynthiatoldmeyouwereacripple(跛者).Gladtobeofhelp.Iknowyou’ddothesameforme.There’snocharge,friend.”Iheldoutafive-dollarbill,“No!Iliketopaymyway.”Hemadenoefforttotakeitandthelittlegirlsteppedclosertothewindowandsaidquietly,“Grandpacan’tseeit.”46.“Acathasninelives”heremeans______.A.acatcanliveninetimeslongerthananyotheranimalB.acatcandieninthC.aluckymancannotdieeasilyD.thewriterwillliveninetimes47.Whatdoyouthinkofthemanwhohelpedchangethetire?A.Warm-heartedbutpitiable.B.Warm-heartedandhappy.C.Ablindoldmanthathasnothingtodoeveryday.D.Apooroldmanthatisalwaysreadytohelpothers.48.Howwillthestorybeended?A.Thewriterpaidthelittlegirlbuttheoldmandidnotaccept.B.Thewriterdroveawaywithtearsrunningdownhischeek.C.Thewriterstayedthere,withoutknowingwhattodoandhowtodo.D.Inthenextfewfrozensecondsthewriterfelttheshameandastonishmenthehadneverfeltbefore.49.Thebesttitleforthispassageperhapswillbe______.A.TheOldManandHisDaughter. B.HeartLeapingUp.CNeverLoseHeart. D.GoodWillBeRewardedGood.To:ackard@From:sandyp@Subject:Confidential:ManagerialAdviceDate:Feb.16,2022HiDan,I’mwritingtoaskifyoucouldgivemeadvice.Pleasenotethatthismustallbekeptsecret.IamemailingyoubecauseIknowthatyouareatrustedfriendandyouhavehadexperienceinthisarea.I’vebeenobligedtoreducemydepartment’sbudgetwithinthemonth,too.I’mnotlookingforwardtothisandamnotsurewheretobeginsinceIhopethatIwon’thavetocreateanylayoffs.Longstoryshort,Iwouldreallyappreciatemeetingwithyouatsomepointtoseeifyoucanofferupanyadviceorsuggestions.Thanksinadvance.Regards,SandyTo:sandyp@From:ackard@Subject:Re:Confidential:ManagerialAdviceDate:Feb.17,2022HiSandy,I’mgladthatyouthoughtofmeassomeonetogoto.Idefinitelydon’tmindbeingyoursoundingboard,andIcanmeetwithyouanytimestartingnextMonday.Irealizethatyoumaywanttostartthinkingofsomeideassoonerthanlater.Mybiggestpieceofadvicetoyouistomakesureyoufeelyourwayamongyourstafftogetanimpressionofhowpeoplearecurrentlycopingwithourcompany’seconomicsituation.Talktothemandfindoutwhat’simportanttothem.Ofcourse,doitcasuallysothatnoone’sguardisup.Emailorcallmetoletmeknowwhenyouwanttomeet.Dan50.WhatisSandyresponsiblefor?A.FiringbademployeesB.CuttingcostsandexpensesC.FiguringoutthenewcomputerprogramD.Combiningthetwodivisionsofthecompany51.WhatsuggestiondoesDangiveSandy?A.Startquestioningallworkersunderher.B.Actcarefullyandfindoutemployees’thoughts.C.Giveoutaquestionnaire(問卷)foreveryonetofillout.D.Requireextraovertimefromstaffmembers.52.Thephrase“soundingboard”inthebodyofthesecondemail,isclosestinmeaningto:A.listener B.examiner C.designer D.informerAsartificial-intelligenceproductssteadilyimproveatpretendingtobehuman—anAIproducedvoicethatbooksrestaurantreservationsbyphone,forexample,orachatrobotthatanswersconsumers’questionsonline—peoplewillincreasinglybeputintheunsettlingsituationofnotknowingwhethertheyaretalkingtoamachine.Butthetruthmaymakesuchproductslesseffective:recentresearchfindsatrade-offbetweentransparency(透明度)andcooperationinhuman-computerinteractions.Thestudyusedasimplegameinwhichpairedplayersmakeaseriesofdecisionstocooperatewithorbetraytheirpartner.Inthelongrun,itpaysforbothtokeepcooperating—butthereisalwaysthetemptationtobetrayandearnextrapointsshortterm,atthepartner’sexpense.TheresearchersusedanAlalgorithm(算法)that,whenposingasaperson,implementedastrategythatwasbetterthanpeopleareatgettinghumanpartnerstocooperate.Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelievemachines,sothescientistswonderedwhatwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.Theteamhopedpeopleplayingwithaknownrobotwouldrecognizeitsabilitytocooperate(withoutbeingapushover)andwouldeventuallygetpasttheirdisbelief.“Sadly,wefailedatthisgoal,”saysTalalRahwan,acomputerscientistatNewYorkUniversityinAbuDhabiandaseniorauthoronthepaper,publishedlastNovemberinNatureMachineIntelligence.“Nomatterwhatthealgorithmdid,peoplejuststucktotheirprejudice.”Arobotplayingopenlyasarobotwaslesslikelytogetcooperationthananotherhuman,eventhoughitsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficialtobothplayers.(Ineachmode,therobotplayed50roundsagainstatleast150individuals.)Inanadditionalexperiment,playersweretold,“Datasuggestthatpeoplearebetteroffiftheytreattherobotasifitwereahuman.”Ithadnoeffect.VirginiaDignum,wholeadstheSocialandEthicalArtificialIntelligencegroupatUmeaUniversityinSwedenandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy,praisestheresearchersforexploringthetransparency-efficacytrade-off,butshewouldliketoseeittestedbeyondthepaper’sparticularsetup.Theauthorssaythatinthepublicfield,peopleshouldbeaskedforagreementtobedeceivedaboutarobot’sidentity.Itcannotbeonaninteraction-by-interactionbasis,orelsethe“deception”obviouslywillnotwork.Butblanketpermissionforoccasionaldeception,evenifitcanbeobtained,stillraisesethicalquandaries(道德困境).Dignumsayshumansshouldhavetheoptiontoknowaftertheyhaveinteractedwitharobot-butifsheiscallingcustomerservicewithasimplequestion,sheadds,“Ijustwanttogetmyanswer.”53.Theword“trade-off”isclosestinmeaningto__________.A.balancing B.combining C.distinction D.agreement54.Accordingtothepassage,whatattitudedopeoplegenerallytaketowardsrobots?A.Highlypositive. B.Casual. C.Stronglyopposed. D.Distrustful.55Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearchfindingsfromthepassage?A.Theyfailtosupporttheresearchers’assumption.B.Theywilldrawpeople’sattentiontorobots’problems.C.Theyaredifferentfromthepreviousresearchfindings.D.Theycanexplainwhypeopletreatarobotlikeahuman.56.Accordingtothepassage,whatisVirginiaDignummostlikelytoagreewith?A.TalalRahwan’sresearchfindingscan’tapplytothereal-worldsituations.B.Blanketpermissionforinteractingwitharobotdoesmoreharmthangood.C.Peopleneedn’tbetoldthattheyareinteractingwitharobotonalloccasions.D.Therelationshipbetweentransparencyandefficacyhasbeenfullyexplored.SectionC（2*4＝8）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TopCollegeGraduatesGetPaidMore,butdoTheyPerformBetter?Isatopuniversityagoodpredictorofjobperformance?Ourresearchshowsyes-butonlytoanextent.Wetrackedtheperformanceof28,339graduatesfrom294universities,rangingfromthetop10tothetop20,000.____57____Importantly,wedidn’tjustmeasureoutputquality,butalsoawiderangeofhardandsoftskillsliketeamwork,leadership,andemotionalintelligence.Ourfindingsoffercomforttorecruiters.Afteraccountingforage,gender,andyearofstudy,wefoundgraduatesfromtopuniversitiesperformedonlyslightlybetter,andonlyincertainareas.____58____Thefirstwasselection:higher-rankeduniversitiesusuallycanchoosefromalargerpoolofapplicants,whichleadstosteepercompetitionandahigherqualityoftheincomingclass.Corroboratingtheselectivityhypothesis,ourdatademonstratedthatstudentsathigher-rankeduniversitiesindeedscorehigherongeneralcognitiveabilitytests,havemoreinternatio