專題32語法填空高頻話題(極端天氣與氣候)刷大題、提能力1.（2023·廣東梅州·高三豐順中學(xué)模擬測試）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Expertsareworkinghardtoprovideaccurateweatherreportsforthe14thNationalGames.Thisyear,thegamesarefeaturing35competitivesports,withmostevents1(schedule)totakeplacein13citiesorzonesacrossShaanxi.They2(open)onSeptember15andwillcloseonSeptember27,butsomeeventshadalreadybeencompletedbeforetheopeningceremony,includingthemen’ssoccer,men’svolleyballandsevendiving3(compete).“Meteorology(氣象學(xué))andsportsareinseparable,”saidCaiXinling,anexpertfromtheShaanxiClimateCenter.“Badweathersuchasrainstormsand4(extreme)hightemperaturescancauseoutdooreventstobedelayed.Otherfactors,includingwindandhumidity,alsohaveanimpact5theathletes’performances,”shesaid,6(add)thatwindcanhaveagreatinfluenceoncertainevents.“Forexample,ineventssuchasthejavelinanddiscus(標(biāo)槍鐵餅),alightheadwindcanincreaselift,7isbeneficialtoperformances.”Shenotedthattoomuchwatervaporintheaircanmake8difficultfortheathletestobreatheeasilyandperformwell.Butformarathons,alittlerainwillmaketherunnersfeelcomfortableandevencanmakethemgeta9(high)mark.InAugust2019,ameteorologicalcenterand65staffmembersfromacrosstheprovincebeganoperationsinXi’an.Andnowtheteam10(support)bytheworkofotherforecastersintheprovince.2.（2023·浙江·舟山中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Debateshavebeengoingon11thesubjectofcarboncapture.Scientists,especiallyengineersandgeologists,havestronglycriticizedgreengroupswhoclaimedthatcarboncaptureandstorage(CCS)schemesarecostlymistakes.Thescientistsinsistedthatsuchschemes12vitalweaponsinthebattleagainstglobalheating.Theyalsowarnthatfailuretosetupwaystotrapandstorecarbonwouldmakeit13(possible)tomeettheemissionstargetby2050.“CCSisgoingtobetheonlyeffectivewayintheshortterm14(prevent)oursteelindustry,cementmanufactureandmanyotherprocessesfromcontinuingtopouremissionsintotheatmosphere,”saidProfessorStuartHaszeldine,ofEdinburghUniversity.“15wearetohaveanyhopeofkeepingglobaltemperatureincreasesdownbelow2degreesCelsius,wedesperatelyneedtodevelopwaystocaptureandstorecarbondioxide.”GreengroupsclaimedCCSwouldnotmake“ameaningfulcontributionto2050climatetargets”.TheysayCCSwasnotreliabletodecarbonizetheenergysystemandthatCCShas16historyofover-promisingandunder-delivering.Instead,theyurgedtheconstructionofmorerenewableenergyplants17(give)priority.Buttheclaims18(dismiss)byengineersandgeologists.“Theseclaimsarequiteunfair,”saidMichaelStephenson,directorattheBritishGeologicalSurvey.AgovernmentspokesmanfortheDepartmentofEnergyandClimateChangesaid,“Wearecommittedtomeetingourclimatechangetargetsinaway19isaffordableandprovidessecureenergytofamiliesandbusinesses.WeareconsideringtherolethatCCScouldplayindecarbonizationoftheUK.Butwealsoneedtotakegovernment20(spend)intoaccount.CCShadbettercomedownincost.”3.（2023·廣東汕頭·高三統(tǒng)考測試）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Owingtoglobalwarming,sealevelsarerisingandrainforestsaredying.It’sclearthathumans21(cause)mostofthewarmingoverthepastcenturybyreleasinggreenhousegases,thelevelsofwhichare22(high)nowthanatanytimeinthepast.Globalwarmingiscausingasetofchangestotheearth’sclimate23varyfromplacetoplace.Manypeoplethinkthatglobalwarmingisthesameasclimatechange.However,scientistsuse“climatechange”whendescribingthecomplexshiftsnowaffecting24(we)planet’sweatherandclimatesystems—inpartbecausesomeareas25（actual）getcoolerintheshortterm.Climatechangeincludesnotonlyrisingaveragetemperaturesbutalsoextremeweathereventsandarangeofother26(consequence).Allofthemareappearingashumanscontinuetoaddgreenhousegasestotheatmosphere,27(change)therhythms(節(jié)奏)ofclimatethatalllivingthingshavecometorely28.Whatshallwedoandwhatcanwedo29(slow)thishuman-causedwarming?Howshallwedealwiththechangeswe’vealreadysetintomotion?Whilewestruggletofigureitallout,30futureoftheearthhangsinthebalance.4.（2023·內(nèi)蒙古阿拉善盟·統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theworld’soceansreachedtheirhottestlevelinrecordedhistorylastyear,supercharging(加劇)extremeweatherevents,scientistshavereported.Theyfoundthatthefivehottestrecordedyearsintheoceans31(occur)since2015,andthattherateofheatingsince1986waseighttimeshigherthan32from1960-85.Oceanscover71%oftheplanetandwatercanabsorbthousandsoftimesmoreheatthanair,33iswhy93%ofglobalheatingistakenupbyseas.Hotteroceansdestroyrainfallpatterns,which34(lead)tofloods,droughtsandwildfires.Heatalsocausesseawater35(expand)anddrivesupsealevels.Scientistsexpectaboutonemetreofsealevelrisebytheendofthecentury,36(threaten)150millionpeople.Highertemperaturesintheseasarealsoharmingmarine(海洋的)life,with37numberofoceanheatwavesincreasing38(sharp).Thestudyalsofindsthatthesinkingofsurfacewatersandupwellingofdeeperwaterisreducingastheseasheatup.Thismeansthesurfacelayersheatsupevenfurtherandfewernutrientsformarinelifearebroughtupfromthe39(deep).“Theoceansreachedyetanothernewrecordlevelofwarmthin2020,40arecorddropinglobalcarbonemissions(排放).Theplanetwillcontinuetowarmupaslongasweemitcarbonintotheatmosphere,”saidProfMichaelMannofPennStateUniversity.5.（2023·全國·一模）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theclimatecrisishasreachednewlevelsofdestructionthisyearformillionsofpeopleinpoorcountriesthatdidn’tcausetheproblem,41(lead)tolossessohugethatitishardformanyinrichercountriestoevenunderstand.Fornearlythreedecades,thecountriesmostaffectedhaveaskedwealthycountriestohelpthempayforthedamage,only42(pay)lipservice.AttheannualUnitedNationsclimateconferencethisweek,theissueisformally43theagenda,abreakthroughinitself.44(encouraging),asmallnumberofwealthycountrieshavepromisedtogivemoneydespitesmallamounts.Thesecontributionsarewelcome,althoughtheyarenotthekindoffunding45(seek)—somecountriesreallocatethefundsfromotherpotsofclimatefinance,orputmoneytoward46(insure),orearlywarningsystems.Whatthesecountries47(call)foroverthepastdecades,andurgentlyneed,isacollectivefundingstreamwithintheUnitedNations48helpsthemrecoverfromdevastatinglossesfromdisasters,risingseasandotherclimateimpacts.It’snot49matterofcharity.Takingactionisfirmlyinrichcountries’owninterests.Asclimatechangebearsdown,morefactorriesandportsaroundtheworldwillclose,devastatingglobalsupplychains.Foodpriceswillrise.Morepeoplewillbedisplaced,whichwillcauseadditionalmigrationcrises.Conflictwillgrowmorelikelyaspeoplefightoverlandandwater.Theconsequenceswilldestabilizeeventhe50(strong)economies.Preventingthatoutcomenow,byfinancingrecoveryfromclimatedamage,willensureamorestablefutureforeveryone.6.（2023·安徽·高三校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。GrainRain(Chineseguyu)isthelastsolarterminthespring.It51(originate)fromtheoldsaying,“Rainbringsupthe52(grow)ofhundredsofgrains”,whichshowsthatthisperiodofrainfallisextremelyimportantforcropstogrow.TheGrainRainsignalstheendofcoldweather53arapidriseintemperature.ThemainfeatureoftheweatheroftheGrainRainis54itisrainy,andtherainfallincreasesaftertheGrainRainsolarterm.Withsufficientand55(time)rainfall,cerealcropsgrowstronger.ThereisanoldcustominsouthernChinathatpeopledrinkteaonthedayofGranRain.SpringteaduringGrainRainisrich56vitaminsandaminoacids,57canhelptoremoveheatfromthebodyandisgoodfortheeyes.Itisalsosaidthatdrinkingteaonthisdaywouldpreventbadluck.58(go)outtoviewthewonderfulsightofpeonies(牡丹)inbloomthreedaysafterGrainRain59(become)atraditioninChina.ThepeonycoincideswithGrainRainsoitisalsoknownasthe“FloweroftheGrainRain”.60flowersarelargeandbright,withmanylayersofcoloredpetals(花瓣).TheflowerrepresentsgraceanddignityinChineseculture.Chinesepeoplealsoassociatepeonieswithwealthandrank.7.（2023·江蘇蘇州·高三統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Illegalivory(象牙)huntingonceposedasignificantthreattoKenya’selephants.Butnowthegiantsoftheanimalkingdom61(face)anevenbiggerrisk:climatechange.Inthepastyears,Kenyan62(official)havecrackeddownonhunting,63hastargetedgiraffesfortheirmeat,bonesandhairandelephantsfortheirivorytusks.ButasKenyabattlesitsworstdroughtinfourdecades,thecrisisiskilling20timesmoreelephants64hunting.InTsavoNationalParkmuchwildlife65(flee)inrecentyearsinsearchofwater.Tosurvive,elephantsrequirevastlandscapesforfood.Adultscanconsume300poundsoffoodandmorethan50gallonsofwater66day.Butrivers,soilandgrasslandaredryingup,67(result)inpooranddeadlyenvironment.Inthelastyear,atleast179elephantshavediedofthirst,whilehuntinghasclaimedthelivesoffewerthan10,KenyanTourismandWildlifeSecretaryNajibBalalatoldtheBBC．“Itisaredalarm.”hesaidofthecrisis.Balalasuggestedthat68muchtimeandefforthasbeenspenttacklingillegalhuntingthat69(environment)issueshavebeenignored.“Wehaveforgottentoinvestintobiodiversity70(manage)andecosystems,”hesaid.“Somethingmustbedonetodealwithclimatechange.”8.（2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Glaciersoccupyover71tenthofIceland.AstemperaturesriseacrosstheArcticnearlyfasterthananyplaceontheplanet,allofIceland72(consider)thechanginglandscapeandclimateamatterofnational73(urgent),andtryingtodealwiththeprospectofafuturewithnoice.Energyproducersareupgradinghydroelectricpowerplantsandexperimentingwithburyingcarbondioxideinrocktokeep74outoftheatmosphere.Thefishingindustryisreducingfossilfuelusewithenergy-efficientships.Thegovernmentisbudgeting$55millionoverfiveyearsforreforestation,landconservationandcarbon-freetransportprojects75(reduce)greenhousegasemissions.More76(spend)by2040,77Icelandexpectsbusinesses,organizationsandindividualstoberemovingasmuchcarbondioxide78theatmosphereastheyputin.“ClimatechangeisnolongersomethingtobejokedaboutinIcelandoranywhere,”GudniJóhannesson,Iceland’spresident,saidinaninterview,79(add)thatmostIcelandersbelievehumanactivityplaysarole.“Wearetakingresponsibilitytoseek80(practice)solutions.Butwecandobetter,”hesaid.9.（2023·安徽六安·高三統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Climatechangehasbecomeanundeniablereality.It’snotjustobviousinthepoles81icecapsaremeltingatanalarmingpace,norisitanissueofthefuture:It’swhat’shappeningnowinourownbackyardshereinAsia.Inthesummerof2022,China82(experience)thestrongestheatwaves.Temperaturesincentral,easternandsouthernChinareachedabove35degreesCelsius,83360millionpeopleexperiencingtemperaturesabove40℃.84(current),wehave“only”seenatemperatureriseofabout1.2℃,buttheUnitedNationsIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeinitslatestreporthaswarnedthatmanyoftheclimateimpactsarealreadybecomingirreversible(不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的).Therewillalsobemuch85(great)limitstowhatpeoplecandototackletheeffects.Whileithasbeendifficultformanydevelopingcountriestoaccuratelycalculatethefinance86(require)forthemtobuildgreensocieties,87isestimatedintheOxfam’sreportthatthecountriesinSouthandSoutheastAsiawillrequireanaverageof$1,300billionperyearuntil2030todealwithclimateimpacts.Governmentsandmany88(provide)ofclimatefinancemusturgentlyensurethatscaled-upfinancereachesvulnerable(脆弱的)communitiesatthelocallevel89(meet)theiractualneeds.Climatechangeis90urgentandseverethreattohumanity.Weneedtoseesignificantlymorecommitmentandaction.10.（2022·安徽·高三校聯(lián)考期中）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式，并將答案填寫在答題卡上。Thesummerof2022iscertaintobeanunforgettablememoryfortheChongqingpeople,asummer91weweretestedbeyondmeasureandcametogethertoadaptandovercome.Longknown92astoveofChina,Chongqingexperiencedthesummertemperatureof2022upto45℃byday.Thisbroughtaboutmanyproblems,includingdried—uprivers,lackofpower,drought,andforestfiresin9districts.Thesituationwasdifficultandcomplex.Butthepeoplebecamestrongerthanever.WhatIsawwasthatwhenthingsgothard,Chongqing93(rise)tothechallenge.Withoutcomplaint,thecitybegantosaveelectricity,reducinghoursforshoppingmallstoensurecriticalpowerwassafeforresidents,hospitals94schools.95(fight)thefire,professionalsandvolunteerscameforwardandgavealltheir96(strong).FirefightersandthousandsofvolunteersworkeddayandnighttopreventtheflamesdestroyingseveralmountainousdistrictsinChongqing.Motorcycle97(fan)rodethroughsmokeandfiretodeliveressentialfirefightingsuppliesonremoteroadsasthepeopleofChongqingunitedtoprevent98(far)disaster.Exhausted,sweaty,andtired,werestedbutdidnotgiveup.Welostthefightonlyby99(quit).Thearmycametohelpfightthefire,and100(thorough)putoutthefire.11.（2022·四川德陽·高三四川省綿竹中學(xué)?？迹╅喿x下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！癝incelateJuly,therehavebeenlarge-scaleandhigh-intensityhightemperaturesinthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverduetoan101(normal)strongsubtropicalhighpressuresysteminthewesternPacific,”ChenTaosaid.“102(base)onouranalysis,thesystemwillcontinueandhightemperatureswillpersistinthoseregionsforthecomingtwoweeks.”ChenLijuan,chiefforecasterattheNationalClimateCentersaid,hightemperatures103(stay)inmanypartsofsouthernChinasinceJune.“Whilethisyear’sdurationofregionalhightemperaturesissettobreaktherecordandbecomethe104(hot)yearsince1961,”shesaid.Shanghai,105enteredits41stdayoftemperaturesabove35℃onSunday,hasexperiencedsixdayswithhightemperaturesabove40℃thissummer.Thecity’stemperaturehit40.9℃onJuly13,106(equal)thehighesttemperatureinShanghaisincerecordsbeganin1873.Affectedbythehightemperatures,someareasintheSichuanbasinandthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverhavealreadyexperienceddroughtandmaycontinueorget107(bad),saidChenTao.Thehightemperatureweatherhasacertainunfavorableimpact108agriculturalproductioninthesouthernregion,andcontinuoushightemperaturesarenot109(benefit)tothe110(grow)anddevelopmentofsomecrops.12.（2022·湖北黃岡·高三校考期中）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。PresidentXiJinpingannouncedthecountry’sgoaltomakecarbondioxideemissions(排放)reachthehighestpointbefore2030andachievecarbonneutrality(碳中和)before2060.Thus,active111

(measure)willbetakenbyChina,suchasexpandinggrasslandsandforests.Inthenextfiveyears,forestcoverageandgrasslandinChinawillbe112ahigherlevel.“Wewillfurtherpromoteamuch113(green)projectinthecountryandencouragepeoplenationwidetoplantmoretrees,”anofficialsaid.114(survey)bytheNationalForestryAdministration(國家林業(yè)局),thereare115(possible)220millionhectaresofforestinChina.“Chinawillbuildaconservationsystemonitsnaturereserves,protecting116(variety)naturalresourcesandkeep117strongattitudetowardillegalactivitiesthatwillharmnature,”theofficialsaid.InMarch,theadministrationreleasedareport118(show)thatforestcarbonstorageinChinawasabout9.18billionmetrictonslastyear,

119achievedthecountry’scommitment(承諾)totheinternationalcommunity.China120(promote)itsownapproachtoclimategovernancethathighlightsgreenrecoverysofar.Theforestrydepartmentwillplaytoouradvantageandstrengthenourcommitmenttoclimatechange.13.（2022·全國·高三專題練習(xí)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Withalongdroughtthissummer,theiconicDutchfloodcontrolproject,121(consist)ofamajordamandacauseway,haskeptitsfloodgates122(close)topreventfreshwaterfromflowingintotheseaandhelpLakeIJsselmaintainitswaterlevel.Forhundredsofyears,floodinghasalwaysbeenaproblemfortheDutchpeople,123havebuiltinfrastructures(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)includingdamsanddykes124(protect)some55percentflood-proneareasinthecountry.Thissummer,theNetherlandshasonceagainencountered125extremedrought,withthewaterlevelofinlandriversandlakesdecliningtohistoricallows(最低點(diǎn)).Agriculture,shippingandnatureare126(particular)affected.Atthesametime,similar127(scene)ofdroughtandwaterscarcity(水荒)haveoccurredinsomeotherEuropeancountries.InSlovenia,water-savingmeasures128(take)sinceearlyJuly,includingrestrictionsonbeachshowers,lawnwatering,carwashes,swimmingpoolfillingandprivateyardwashing.InBelgium,18citiesinthesouthernFrench-speakingWalloniaregionhavealsoadoptedwaterrestrictions,with129fivecitiescloselymonitoringthesituation.InSpain,somesupermarketshavestartedrationing(定量分配)icecubes,andseveralsupermarketchainshavelimitedcustomers130twobagsoficeperperson.ClimateexpertspointoutthatclimatechangeisbehindthecurrentextremedroughtinEurope.14.（2022·寧夏銀川·高三銀川一中校考階段練習(xí)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Nowadays,thelifeofmanypeopleintheworld131(affect)byglobalwarming.Forexample,greenhousegashasabadeffect132bothpeopleandenvironment.Theearth’ssurfacetemperature133(go)upbyabout1degreescentigradeinthepast100years.Asamatteroffact,wemayfeelthatwecan