2025年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試聽力原文第1套(中英對(duì)照)ConversationOne.對(duì)話一。Goodmorning.MynameisBobFetterman.I'mthecomputertechnician.早上好。我叫鮑勃·費(fèi)特曼。我是電腦技術(shù)員。Didn'tIcallforyoulastweek?上周我不是已經(jīng)給你打過電話了嗎？Maybe.IworkforAlphaMaintenance.也許吧。我在阿爾法維修公司工作。Iimaginesomeonefromyourofficecalledourcentraloffice,andI'mtheengineerdesignatedtoyourcase.我想你們辦公室的人已經(jīng)給我們的總機(jī)打過電話了，我是負(fù)責(zé)處理你案件的工程師。Yeah,IspoketoaladytherelastTuesday,whichisnowtendaysago.是的，我上周二和那里的一個(gè)女士聊過，那是十天前的事了。Imadeitclearitwasanurgentmatter,andpleasesendsomeoneassoonaspossible.我已明確表示此事十分緊急，請(qǐng)盡快派人前來(lái)。Couldn'tyouorsomeoneelsehavecomesooner?難道你不能或者其他人不能早點(diǎn)來(lái)嗎？I'msorry,butI'mnotinchargeofschedulingalllogistics.很抱歉，但我并不負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)度安排的工作。Isimplydonotknow.我確實(shí)不知道具體情況。AllIcantellyouisIgotthecallthisweekandcameassoonasIcould.我只能告訴你，我這周接到了電話，然后盡快趕來(lái)了。Isee.Well,I'llhaveyouknow,mymanagerisratherindignantthatit'stakenyouthislongtocome.我明白了。不過，我得告訴你，我的經(jīng)理對(duì)于你花了這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才來(lái)感到相當(dāng)不滿。Iunderstanditmightnotbeyourfault,butnevertheless,youshouldknowwhatthefeelingisaroundhere.我明白這可能不是你的錯(cuò)，但不管怎樣，希望你理解我們這邊的情況。Iunderstand,andI'msorryforanyinconvenience.我明白，對(duì)于給您帶來(lái)的不便，我深感抱歉。IwilltrytoresolveyourcomputerproblemasswiftlyandoptimallyasIcan.我會(huì)盡我所能，以最快且最優(yōu)的方式解決你的電腦問題。Whatandwhereistheissue?問題是什么？問題出在哪里？It'sthismachinerighthere.Itwasrunningslowforawhile,Iguess,andgraduallygotworseandworse.就是這臺(tái)機(jī)器。它運(yùn)行緩慢，應(yīng)該是有段時(shí)間了，然后變得越來(lái)越糟。LastTuesday,itjuststoppedworkingaltogether.Ifyouswitchiton,youwillseewhatImean.上周二，它徹底不工作了。如果你把它開機(jī)，就會(huì)明白我的意思。OK,doyouknowifit'sbackedup?好的，你知道它是否已經(jīng)備份了嗎？Backedup?備份嗎？Imean,doyouknowifitscontentshavebeencopiedandsavedsomewhereelse?我的意思是，你知道它的內(nèi)容是否已經(jīng)被復(fù)制并保存在其他地方了嗎？Idon'tknow.我不知道。Well,dependingontheensuingoperativescenario,ifIneedtowipethesystemdirectoriescleaninordertoreconfiguredefaultprotocols,thenmyfirstinterventionshouldbetointricatelyretrieveallinventoriesthatIcan.好的，根據(jù)后續(xù)操作需要，如果我需要徹底清理系統(tǒng)目錄，重新配置默認(rèn)協(xié)議，那么我得先盡量找回所有能找到的文件。Otherwise,alldatathatwasstoredonitsharddrivewillbeforeverlost.否則，硬盤上存儲(chǔ)的所有數(shù)據(jù)將永久丟失。Mymanagerwouldknow.Letmegogethim.我的經(jīng)理會(huì)知道。我去叫他。Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.第1至4題是基于你剛才所聽到的對(duì)話。Question1:WhatdidthewomandolastTuesday?問題1：這位女士上周二做了什么？Question2:Whatdoesthemansayhedidwhenhegotthecall?問題2：男人說他接到電話后做了什么？Question3:Whatisthefeelingabouttheproblemaroundthewoman'sworkplace?問題3：針對(duì)這位女士工作場(chǎng)所的問題，產(chǎn)生了什么樣的情緒？Question4:Whatdoesthewomansayhermanagerwouldknow?問題4：這位女士說她的經(jīng)理會(huì)知道什么？ConversationTwo.對(duì)話二。Haveyougivenmorethoughttostudyinglaw?你有沒有更多地考慮過學(xué)習(xí)法律？I'vebeenthinkingaboutitalot.Yes.Infact,thisiswhyIwishedtospeaktoyou.Iwantedtohearmoreaboutwhatit'slike.我一直在想這件事。是的。事實(shí)上，這就是我想和你談?wù)劦脑?。我想多聽聽學(xué)法律到底是怎么一回事兒。Acareerinlawisabeautifulthing,inmyopinion.Manypeoplewillsayit'saboringfield,butIdisagree.在我看來(lái)，從事法律職業(yè)是一件美好的事情。很多人會(huì)說這是一個(gè)無(wú)聊的領(lǐng)域，但我不同意。Thethingis,therearemanydifferentbranchesoflawandmanydifferentjobs.事實(shí)是，法律領(lǐng)域有許多不同的分支，也有許多不同的工作。Youareinvolvedwithbuildingsandconstruction,right?你從事的是建筑和施工相關(guān)的工作，對(duì)嗎？Correct.I'masolicitorspecializinginrealestate.Mostofmyworkinvolvesmediatinglanddisputes.沒錯(cuò)。我是一名專門從事房地產(chǎn)業(yè)務(wù)的律師。我的大部分工作都涉及調(diào)解土地糾紛。Doyoumindgivingmeanexample?你介意舉個(gè)例子嗎？Sure.Soinmanycases,Iamemployedtoarbitratebetweentwoclashingparties.當(dāng)然。在很多情況下，人們請(qǐng)我都是為了給沖突雙方進(jìn)行仲裁的。Let'ssay,forexample,therearetwolandownerswhoareinathornydisagreementaboutsomethinglikethebordersoftheiradjacentplots.比如說，假設(shè)有兩位土地所有者，他們因?yàn)橄噜彽貕K的邊界問題陷入了棘手的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。Someonemayemploymetobreakthedeadlockandresolvethedispute.有人可能會(huì)聘請(qǐng)我來(lái)打破僵局，解決爭(zhēng)端。Often,myworkinvolvesnegotiatingagreements,plainandsimple.通常，我的工作會(huì)涉及到協(xié)議談判，就這么簡(jiǎn)單。Soyouaresayingthatalotofwhatyoudoisfixpeople'slegalissues,likeyoutrytofindasolutionthatbenefitseveryoneandthatpreventsaproblemfromescalating.所以，你的意思是，你所做的很多工作都是解決人們的法律問題，比如你試圖找到一個(gè)對(duì)每個(gè)人都有利的解決方案，并防止問題升級(jí)。Exactly.Wellput.Youneedtorememberthatcourts,likeallbureaucracies,reallycanbeverymessy,frustratingandexpensive.沒錯(cuò)。說得好。你需要記住，法院和所有官僚機(jī)構(gòu)一樣，真的可能會(huì)非?；靵y、令人沮喪且費(fèi)用高昂。Forthisreason,it'susuallybettertoresolveproblemsoutsideofcourtwheneverpossible.因此，盡可能在庭外解決問題通常更為妥當(dāng)。Isee.Sobesidesknowingthelawinsideout,youneedgoodpeopleskills,right?我明白了。所以除了對(duì)法律了如指掌，你還需要具備良好的人際交往能力，對(duì)嗎？Ofcourse,anyjobthatinvolvespeoplerequiresgoodinterpersonalskills,andanylawprofessionalneedstobeveryeloquentatarticulatingtheirargument.當(dāng)然，任何與人打交道的工作都需要良好的人際交往能力，而任何法律專業(yè)人士都需要非常善于闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)。Right.SoI'vebeenthinkingaboutstudyingcriminallaw.Ithinkitsoundsveryinteresting.對(duì)。所以，我一直在考慮學(xué)習(xí)刑法。我覺得這聽起來(lái)很有趣。Hmm,yes.I'dsaythere'smoremoneyinpropertylaw,butthestakesarehigherincriminallaw.Icanseehowyouwouldfinditmoreinteresting.嗯，是的。我覺得財(cái)產(chǎn)法賺的錢更多，但刑法風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。我能理解你為什么會(huì)覺得它更有趣。Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.第5至第8題是基于你剛才所聽到的對(duì)話。Question5:Whatwillmanypeoplesayaboutacareerinlaw?問題5：很多人會(huì)怎么評(píng)價(jià)法律職業(yè)？Question6:Whatdoesthemansaymostofhisworkinvolves?問題6：男士說他的大部分工作是什么？Question7:Whydoesthemansayit'susuallybettertoresolveproblemsoutsideofcourtwheneverpossible?問題7：為什么男士說能在法庭外解決問題通常更好？Question8:Whatdoesthemanthinkisrequiredofanylawprofessional?問題8：男士認(rèn)為法律專業(yè)人士需具備什么條件？PassageOne.文章一。Whenapersontriestoaccessamemory,theirbrainsquicklyexamineeverythingstoredinittofindtherelevantinformation.當(dāng)一個(gè)人試圖回憶起某段記憶時(shí)，他們的大腦會(huì)迅速檢查存儲(chǔ)在其中的所有內(nèi)容，以找到相關(guān)信息。Butasweage,manyofushavedifficultyretrievingmemories.但隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們?cè)S多人都會(huì)出現(xiàn)記憶提取困難的情況。InareviewpublishedinthejournalTrendsinCognitiveSciencesonFebruary11,researchersproposeanexplanationforwhythismightbehappening:thebrainsofolderadultsallocatemorespacetoaccumulatedknowledgeandhavemorematerialtonavigatewhenattemptingtoaccessmemories.在2月11日發(fā)表于《認(rèn)知科學(xué)趨勢(shì)》雜志的一篇綜述中，研究人員提出了一個(gè)解釋，說明為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況：老年人的大腦為積累的知識(shí)分配了更多空間，在嘗試訪問記憶時(shí)需要處理更多信息素材。Whilethiswealthofpriorknowledgecanmakememoryretrievalchallenging,theresearcherssayithasitsupsides-thislifeexperiencecanaidwithcreativityanddecision-making.盡管這些豐富的先驗(yàn)知識(shí)可能會(huì)使記憶檢索變得具有挑戰(zhàn)性，但研究人員表示，它也有其積極的一面——這種生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)有助于提升創(chuàng)造力和決策能力。ResearchersTarekAmer,JordanaWynnandLynnHasherlookedatseveralbehavioralandbrain-imagingstudies,whichshowthatolderadultshavedifficultysuppressinginformationthatisnolongerrelevantandthatwhensearchingforaspecificmemory,theyoftenretrieveother,irrelevantmemoriesalongwithit.研究人員塔雷克·阿默、喬達(dá)娜·溫恩和林恩·哈希通過多項(xiàng)行為與腦成像研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，老年人難以抑制不相關(guān)的信息，且在搜尋特定記憶時(shí)，常會(huì)同時(shí)提取出其他無(wú)關(guān)的記憶。Thestudiesalsoshowedthatwhengivenacognitivetask,olderadultsrelymoreheavilyonpreviousknowledgethanyoungeradultsdo.研究還表明，在執(zhí)行認(rèn)知任務(wù)時(shí)，老年人比年輕人更依賴于以往的知識(shí)。Whiletheresearchersfocusprimarilyonthedifficultiesthatthesedisorderly-crowdedmemoriesmaypose,theyalsohighlightafewsituationsinwhichthesesamememorypatternsmaybeuseful.雖然研究人員主要關(guān)注的是這些混亂擁擠的記憶可能帶來(lái)的困難，但他們也指出在某些情況下，同一種記憶模式可能會(huì)有幫助。"Evidencesuggeststhatolderadultsshowpreserved,andattimesenhanced,creativityasafunctionofenrichedmemories,"theresearcherswrite.研究人員寫道：“有證據(jù)表明，隨著記憶的豐富，老年人的創(chuàng)造力不僅得以保持，有時(shí)甚至還有所增強(qiáng)?！?。Theyfurtherhypothesizethatolderadultsmaybewellservedbytheirpriorknowledgewhenitcomestodecision-making,wheretheycanpullontheiraccumulatedwisdom.他們進(jìn)一步假設(shè)，老年人在決策時(shí)可能會(huì)受益于他們的先驗(yàn)知識(shí)，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢赃\(yùn)用自己積累的智慧。Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.第9至11題是基于你剛才所聽到的段落。Question9:WhatdidtheresearchersdointheirreviewinthejournalTrendsinCognitiveSciences?問題9：在《認(rèn)知科學(xué)趨勢(shì)》上發(fā)表的報(bào)告中，研究人員做了什么？Question10:Whatdoseveralbehavioralandbrain-imagingstudiesshow?問題10：一些行為和腦成像方向的研究指出什么？Question11:Whatdoesevidencesuggestregardingolderadults?問題11：關(guān)于老年人，證據(jù)表明什么？PassageTwo.文章二。ThereareatleastfourmajorproblemswithworkinAmericatoday.當(dāng)今美國(guó)的工作至少存在四個(gè)主要問題。First,workcanbealienating.首先，工作可能會(huì)讓人感到疏離。Workersareoftennotincontrolofhowtheywork,whentheywork,whatisdonewiththegoodsandservicestheyproduce,andwhatisdonewiththeprofitsmadefromtheirwork.工人們往往無(wú)法掌控自己的工作方式、工作時(shí)間、對(duì)自己生產(chǎn)的商品和服務(wù)的使用方式，以及從自己勞動(dòng)中產(chǎn)生的利潤(rùn)的分配去向。Second,workersarenotpaidthefullvalueoftheirlabor.其次，工人沒有獲得他們勞動(dòng)的全部?jī)r(jià)值。Realwageshavenotkeptpacewithproductivity,drivingeconomicinequalityandadeclineinlabor'sshareofincome.實(shí)際工資并未與生產(chǎn)率保持同步，導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等以及勞動(dòng)收入占比下降。Third,peoplearetimepoor.第三，人們的時(shí)間很匱乏。IntheU.S.,full-timeemployeesworkanaverageof8.72hoursperdaydespiteproductivityincreases.在美國(guó)，盡管生產(chǎn)率提高了，但全職員工平均每天的工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)仍為8.72小時(shí)。Longworkinghourscontributetothefeelingof"timepoverty",whichhasanadverseeffectonpsychologicalwell-being.長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作會(huì)導(dǎo)致“時(shí)間匱乏”的感覺，這對(duì)心理健康產(chǎn)生不利影響。Fourth,automationputsjobsandwagesatrisk.第四，自動(dòng)化使就業(yè)和工資面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Technologicalinnovationcouldintheoryliberatepeoplefromthe40-hourworkweek,butunlesschangesaremadetothestructureofwork,automationwillsimplyexertdownwardpressureonwagesandfurtherdiminishworkopportunities.理論上，科技創(chuàng)新能將人們從每周40小時(shí)的工作制中解放出來(lái)，但若不改變工作結(jié)構(gòu)，自動(dòng)化只會(huì)壓低工資并進(jìn)一步減少工作機(jī)會(huì)。So,whatcanbedonetoalleviatetheseproblems?那么，我們能夠采取哪些措施來(lái)緩解這些問題呢？Therearecompetingvisionsofthebestwaytoarriveatasolution.關(guān)于如何找到最佳解決方案，存在多種不同的觀點(diǎn)。Onevisioniswhat'sknownasthe"post-work"position.一種觀點(diǎn)是所謂的“后工作”立場(chǎng)。Thepost-worktheoristsbelievethatworkshouldnotholdacentralpositioninourlivesortakeupsomuchofourtime.后工作理論家認(rèn)為，工作不應(yīng)在我們的生活中占據(jù)核心地位，也不應(yīng)占用我們太多時(shí)間。Theyassertthat,althoughdoingsomeworkmightbenecessary,meaning,purposeandsocialvalueresideinthecommunitiesandrelationshipsbuiltandsustainedoutsideoftheworkplace.他們認(rèn)為，盡管完成某些工作可能是必要的，但意義、目的和社會(huì)價(jià)值卻存在于工作場(chǎng)所以外建立和維系的社區(qū)和人際關(guān)系中。Thus,lifeshouldbeseenasanendinitself.因此，生活本身就應(yīng)被視為目的。Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.第12至15題是基于你剛才所聽到的段落。Question12:WhatdowelearnaboutAmericanworkersfromthepassage?問題12：從文中我們能了解到關(guān)于美國(guó)工人的什么信息？Question13:Whatdoesthepassagesaylongworkinghourscontributeto?問題13：文章中提到工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致什么？Question14:Whatdoesautomationdoaccordingtothepassage?問題14：根據(jù)文章，自動(dòng)化有什么影響？Question15:Whatdopost-worktheoristsadvocate?問題15：后工作理論家提倡什么？RecordingOne.錄音一。Recentstudiesshowthatself-controlandpersistenceincreaseacademicoutcomesindependentofIQ.近期研究表明，自我控制和毅力能夠提升學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)，且這一提升與智商無(wú)關(guān)。Evenourpersonalbeliefsabouteffortcanaffectacademicoutcomes.甚至我們個(gè)人對(duì)努力的信念也會(huì)影響學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)。Childrenwhothinkeffortleadstoachievementoutperformthosewhobelieveabilityisafixedtrait.認(rèn)為努力能帶來(lái)成就的孩子，表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于那些認(rèn)為能力是固定特質(zhì)的孩子。Giventhelinkbetweenpersistenceandacademicsuccess,decisionsabouteffortareparticularlyimportantinchildhood.鑒于毅力與學(xué)業(yè)成功之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，在兒童時(shí)期，關(guān)于努力程度的決定尤為重要。Yetrelativelylittleresearchhasexploredhowyoungchildrenlearnwhat'sworththeeffort.然而，探討幼兒是如何學(xué)習(xí)哪些事情值得付出努力的研究相對(duì)較少。Weallknowthatinfantsarekeenobserversofthesocialworld.我們都知道，嬰兒是社會(huì)世界的敏銳觀察者。Butthey'renotjustidlywatching;theyaretinylearningmachines.但他們并非只是無(wú)所事事地旁觀；他們是一臺(tái)臺(tái)微型的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)器。Theycangeneralizesuchabstractconceptsascausalrelationshipsandsocialrolesfromjustafewexamples.他們僅憑幾個(gè)例子就能概括出因果關(guān)系和社會(huì)角色等抽象概念。Evena15-month-oldinfantcanoutperformahigh-levelcomputerinsuchtasks.即便是一個(gè)15個(gè)月大的嬰兒，在執(zhí)行此類任務(wù)時(shí)也能勝過高級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)。Couldinfantsalsomakebroad,generalizableinferencesfromafewexampleswhenitcomestoeffort?那嬰兒是否也能從少量例子中，對(duì)努力做出廣泛、可推廣的推斷？Ifso.Thenmaybepersistenceisn'tsimplyacharactertrait.如果是這樣。那么也許堅(jiān)持不懈不僅僅是一種性格特質(zhì)。Maybeit'sflexibleandadaptablebasedonsocialcontext.或許它是根據(jù)社交情境靈活調(diào)整的。Toexplorethisquestion,weshowed15-month-oldbabiesoneoftwothings:anexperimenterworkinghardtoachievetwodifferentgoals,oranexperimenterwhoeffortlesslyreachedeachgoal.為了探究這個(gè)問題，我們向15個(gè)月大的嬰兒展示了兩種情景中的一種：一位實(shí)驗(yàn)者努力實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)不同的目標(biāo)，另一位實(shí)驗(yàn)者毫不費(fèi)力地實(shí)現(xiàn)了每個(gè)目標(biāo)。Thenweintroducedthebabytoanovel"music"toythatseemedasifitcouldbeactivatedbypushingabigbuttonontop.然后，我們給嬰兒介紹了一個(gè)新奇的“音樂”玩具，它看起來(lái)好像可以通過按下頂部的大按鈕來(lái)啟動(dòng)。(Thebuttoncouldbepresseddownbutdidn'tactuallyactivateanything.)（按鈕可以被按下，但實(shí)際上并未觸發(fā)任何操作。）Outofsightofthebabies,weturnedonthemusictoywithahiddenbuttonsothattheyheardthetoymakingmusic.趁寶寶們不注意時(shí)，我們悄悄按下隱藏按鈕啟動(dòng)了音樂玩具，讓他們聽見玩具奏響樂曲。Wegavethebabiesthemusictoyandlefttheroom.我們把音樂玩具給了嬰兒，然后離開了房間。Thenanalysts,whodidn'tknowwhichconditioneachbabywasin,watchedvideotapesoftheexperimentandcountedhowmanytimesbabiestriedtoactivatethetoybypressingthebutton.隨后，不知道嬰兒被分在哪一組的分析師們觀看了實(shí)驗(yàn)錄像，并統(tǒng)計(jì)了嬰兒們通過按壓按鈕嘗試啟動(dòng)玩具的次數(shù)。Acrossonestudyandapreregisteredduplication,babieswhohadseenanadultpersistandsucceedpushedthebuttonabouttwiceasmanytimesasthosewhosawanadulteffortlesslysucceed.一項(xiàng)研究和一項(xiàng)預(yù)先注冊(cè)的重復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示，目睹成人堅(jiān)持并最終成功的嬰兒按下按鈕的次數(shù)，大約是那些看到成人輕松成功的嬰兒的兩倍。Inotherwords,babieslearnedthateffortwasvaluableafterwatchingjusttwoexamplesofanadultworkinghardandsucceeding.換言之，嬰兒在僅觀察了兩個(gè)成年人努力工作并取得成功的例子后，就學(xué)會(huì)了努力是有價(jià)值的。Partofwhat'sexcitingaboutthisfindingisthatthebabiesdidn'tjustimitatetheadultsactions;instead,theygeneralizedthevalueofefforttoanoveltask.這一發(fā)現(xiàn)令人興奮的部分原因是，嬰兒們不僅僅模仿成人的行為；還將努力的價(jià)值推廣到了新任務(wù)中。Theexperimenterneverdemonstratedpushingabuttonortryingtomakemusic.實(shí)驗(yàn)者從未展示過按下按鈕或嘗試演奏音樂。Insteadthebabieslearnedfromdifferentexamplesofeffortfulactionsthatthenewtoyprobablyalsorequiredpersistence.相反，嬰兒從各種努力的動(dòng)作示例中學(xué)習(xí)，推測(cè)新玩具可能也需要堅(jiān)持不懈的努力。Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.第16至18題是基于你剛才所聽到的錄音。Question16:Whatdoesthespeakersayevenourpersonalbeliefsabouteffortcando?問題16：演講者說個(gè)人的關(guān)于努力的信念有什么影響？Question17:Howdidtheresearchersturnonthemusictoyintheirexperiment?問題17：在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究人員是如何啟動(dòng)音樂玩具的？Question18:Whatcouldtheinfantsdointheexperimentaccordingtothespeaker?問題18：根據(jù)說話者的描述，嬰兒在實(shí)驗(yàn)中能做到什么？RecordingTwo.錄音二。Ifchroniclatenesshastakenoveryourlifeandturnedintoadefiningtraitofwhoyouare,it'slikelythatyou'relosingoutonjoboffers,recreationalopportunities,friendshipsandmore.如果長(zhǎng)期遲到已成為你生活的常態(tài)，甚至演變成你性格中的顯著標(biāo)簽，那么你可能已經(jīng)錯(cuò)失了工作機(jī)會(huì)、休閑娛樂、友誼等諸多寶貴事物。Ifyou'reshowinguplatetoyourownlife,getorganized,prioritizepunctuality,andaddressanyunderlyingcauses.如果你的人生總是遲到，那么你應(yīng)該整理好自己的生活，把守時(shí)放在首位，并解決任何潛在的原因。Whenyouhavetobesomewhere,trytoarrive15-30minutesbeforeyouneedto.當(dāng)你必須去某個(gè)地方時(shí)，盡量提前15-30分鐘到達(dá)。Ifyoualwaysrunlate,thatmeansyoumustbefailingtoaccountforsomethingyoualwaysdo.如果你總是遲到，那就意味著你肯定忽略了某些你常做的事情。Anticipatethatbygivingyourselfextratimetoarrive.預(yù)留額外時(shí)間，以便準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。Keeptrackofwhetherornotyouactuallydoarriveearly.記錄下你是否真的提前到達(dá)。Youmightfindthatleaving"early"getsyoutoplacesexactlyontime.你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，早出發(fā)能讓你準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)目的地。Settwoalarms.設(shè)置兩個(gè)鬧鐘。Setonealarmthatletsyouknowit'stimetodropwhatyou'redoing,andasecondalarmthatmeansyouneedtowalkoutthedoor.第一個(gè)鬧鐘是提醒你該停下正在做的事，第二個(gè)鬧鐘表示你必須出門了。Obeythealarms.Assoonasthefirstalarmgoesoff,stopwhatyou'redoing.要按照鬧鐘行事。第一聲鬧鈴響起時(shí)，立刻停止手頭的事。Ifit'ssomethingyou'llbecomingbackto,likeaprojectforwork,makeanotetoremindyourselfwhereyouleftoff.如果這件事你晚點(diǎn)還要接著做，比如某個(gè)工作項(xiàng)目，那就記個(gè)筆記提醒自己上次停在了哪里。Grabeverythingyouneed,andmakesureyouknowhowtogetwhereyou'regoing.帶上你需要的一切，并確保你知道如何到達(dá)目的地。Aimtobeoutthedoorandonyourwaybeforethesecondalarmrings.爭(zhēng)取在第二聲鬧鐘響起之前出門上路。Thiswillonlyworkifyoutakethealarmsseriously,somakesureyoureactassoonasyouhearthem.只有你認(rèn)真對(duì)待鬧鐘，這個(gè)方法才有效，所以一定要確保一聽到鬧鐘就立刻做出反應(yīng)。Prepareforthedayahead.為一天做好準(zhǔn)備。Haveallofyournotesandmaterialsorganizedwellinadvanceofeacheventsothatallyouhavetodoisgrabthemandgowhenit'stheactualday.在每次活動(dòng)之前，將所有筆記和材料整理好，這樣在實(shí)際活動(dòng)當(dāng)天，你只需拿起它們就可以出發(fā)了。Ifmorningsareastruggleforyou,doasmuchasyoucantoreadyyourselfthenightbefore.如果對(duì)你來(lái)說早上做這些事很難，那就在前一天晚上盡可能做好準(zhǔn)備。Beforeyougotobed,layoutyourclothesandpackyourbagforthenextday.睡覺前，把第二天要穿的衣服和要帶的包都準(zhǔn)備好。Learntoleavetimeinbetweentasksandmeetings.學(xué)會(huì)在任務(wù)和會(huì)議之間留出時(shí)間。Itsoonbecomesunbearabletoshiftbetweenonemeetingandanotherwithoutspaceinbetween.在會(huì)議之間無(wú)縫切換，很快就會(huì)讓人難以忍受。Ifyouoverscheduleyourself,however,you'llarrivelateassoonasyouhitabump.然而，如果你把自己的日程排得太滿，一旦遇到突發(fā)狀況就會(huì)遲到。Aswellasgivingyouspace,thistimealsoactsasabufferbetweeneventswhichcanbe"borrowed"fromshouldyoubeheldupinapriormeeting,allowingyoutostillgettothenextoneontime.這段時(shí)間不僅給你提供了喘息的空間，還能在各事項(xiàng)之間形成緩沖——如果前一場(chǎng)會(huì)議拖延了，你就可以挪用這部分緩沖時(shí)間，確保自己仍能準(zhǔn)時(shí)抵達(dá)下一場(chǎng)會(huì)議。Calculatetransittimebetweenactivities,andthenadd10-30minutesforunexpecteddelays.計(jì)算活動(dòng)之間的中轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間，然后預(yù)留10-30分鐘以應(yīng)對(duì)意外延誤。Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.第19至21題是基于你剛才所聽到的錄音。Question19:Whatisthespeaker'spurposeofgivingthistalk?問題19：演講者發(fā)表這次演講的目的是什么？Question20:Whatshouldyoudoifmorningsareastruggleforyou?問題20：如果早起對(duì)你來(lái)說是個(gè)難題，你該怎么做？Question21:Accordingtothespeaker,whatcanwedotocombatunexpecteddelays?問題21：根據(jù)說話者的說法，我們能夠采取哪些措施來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)意外的延誤？RecordingThree.錄音三。DoyouthinkBostoniansputoutthewelcomemat?Doyoufindothercitiestobemoreorlesspolite?你覺得波士頓人熱情好客嗎？你覺得其他城市的人更有禮貌還是不太禮貌？Differentcitieshavedifferentfeelsforvisitors.Somearefriendlyandopen.Someareformalanddistant.不同的城市給游客帶來(lái)不同的感受。有些城市友好而開放，有些則顯得正式而疏遠(yuǎn)。Bostontendstoseemhurriedandsometimesalittlerude.That'swhatsometouristshavesaid.波士頓給人的感覺總是匆匆忙忙，有時(shí)甚至略顯粗魯。一些游客曾這樣說過。OnestudyfoundthatpeopleherearelesswillingtovolunteertohelpstrangersthanthoseresidentsofotherUScities.一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這里的人比其他美國(guó)城市的居民更不愿意主動(dòng)幫助陌生人。Takeacloselooknexttimeyou'reinBoston,andherearesomeofthethingsyou'llprobablysee:peoplesmokinginthesubwaystationsdespitethefrequentremindersnottodoso;pedestrianswalkingwhenthecrosswalklightssaynottodoso,ignoringthecars;cardriversspeeding,makingaloudnoisewiththehom,andoccasionallycursingateachother;driverswhocan'tbebotheredtofindaplacetopark,butinsteadsimplyturnontheirblinkerandstopinthemiddleofthestreet.下次你到波士頓時(shí)，仔細(xì)觀察一下，你可能會(huì)看到以下一些景象：盡管地鐵站內(nèi)明明提醒不要吸煙，但仍有人在那里抽煙；人行橫道信號(hào)燈明明亮著禁止通行的紅燈，行人卻對(duì)來(lái)往車輛視若無(wú)睹，照闖不誤；汽車司機(jī)超速駕駛，鳴笛聲此起彼伏，偶爾還會(huì)互相咒罵；更有甚者，懶得尋找停車位，直接打起轉(zhuǎn)向燈就把車橫在馬路中央。SometimesBostoniansseemlikethey'rejusttoobusytobepolite.有時(shí)候，波士頓人似乎忙得連禮貌都顧不上。Whyisthiscitylikethat?這座城市為什么是這個(gè)樣子？FormerUSrepresentativeChesterAtkinssaysit'sbecausethePuritanfoundingfatherswerethemselvesimpatientandbad-temperedandhadlittletimefor