Step1:ReadingStep1:ReadingJaneGoodall'：findingandhopethroughoutthelife珍·古道爾充滿發(fā)現(xiàn)與希望的一生??語境：人與自然改編自：經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人ArticleMainideaIn1960,ayoungwomanwithnoscientifictrainingmadeadiscoverythatwouldredefinehumanity'splaceinnature.JaneGoodall,aformersecretary,observedachimpanzeenamedDavidGreybeardusingagrassstemtoextracttermitesfromamound.Thissimpleactshatteredthelongheldbeliefthattoolmakingwasanexclusivelyhumantrait.Goodall'sbreakthroughobservation,madeinTanzania'sGombereserve,forcedscientiststoreconsiderwhatdistinguisheshumansfromotherprimates.段落大意：介紹古道爾1960年關(guān)于黑猩猩使用工具的開創(chuàng)性發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)挑戰(zhàn)了人類中心主義的科學(xué)觀念。論證方法：事例引入法。通過具體場景（DavidGreybeard使用草莖）引入，點(diǎn)明其顛覆性意義，為全文奠定基調(diào)。WhatmadeGoodall'sresearchunprecedented（前所未有的）wasnotjustherfindings,buthermethods.Unliketraditionalscientistswhonumberedtheirsubjects,shenamedeachchimpanzeeanddocumentedtheirdistinctpersonalities.Over25years,shemeticulously（細(xì)致地）recordedeveryinteraction,buildinganunparalleledunderstandingofchimpsociety.Shenotedtheirmeateating,dailynestbuilding,andevenpostconflictreconciliation（和解）—behaviorsthatrevealedemotionalplexitynoonehadpreviouslyimagined.段落大意：闡述古道爾研究方法的革命性——長期系統(tǒng)觀察結(jié)合個(gè)體命名，揭示黑猩猩社會(huì)的情感復(fù)雜性。ButGoodall'sconnectiontothechimpsrandeeperthanscientificdata.WhenshereleasedachimpanzeenamedWoundain2013,theanimalspontaneouslyhuggedandkissedher—amomentthatseemedtoexpressgratitudefromanentirespecies.Suchbonds,however,madethethreatsshelaterwitnessedevenmoredevastating（毀滅性的）.Duringa1990visit,shefoundforestsoutsideGombedestroyedbydeforestation（森林砍伐）,thelandsterileandlocalmunitiesstrugglingtosurvive.段落大意：通過2013年溫達(dá)事件展現(xiàn)人與動(dòng)物的情感紐帶，轉(zhuǎn)而揭示棲息地破壞的威脅，形成情感與現(xiàn)實(shí)的強(qiáng)烈沖突。Theexperiencetransformedherintoaglobalactivist.Sherealizedthatprotectingchimpsrequiredsavingtheirhabitatandempowering（賦予權(quán)力）thepeoplewhosharedtheirland.In1991,shelaunchedRoots&Shoots,aprogramengagingyouthtoworkonprojectsbenefitinganimals,munities,andtheenvironment.Todayoperatinginover75countries,itreflectshercoremessage:individualactionscreateglobalchange.段落大意：描述古道爾從科學(xué)家到行動(dòng)主義者的轉(zhuǎn)變，重點(diǎn)介紹"根與芽"項(xiàng)目及其全球影響力。Goodallseesherselfasamessengerofhoperatherthandespair.Herscientificlegacyandactivismdemonstratethathumans'uniquecapacityforlanguageandplanning,whichshouldmakeuswisestewards（管理者）ofnature,canindeedbeusedforhealing.Forover60years,shehasshownthatunderstandingandpassionarenotweaknesses,buthumanity'smostpowerfultoolsforplanetarychange.段落大意：總結(jié)古道爾的核心理念——人類應(yīng)成為自然的明智管理者，同情與理解是最強(qiáng)大的變革工具。文章命題思路中心主題：珍·古道爾如何通過突破性的科學(xué)方法與人文關(guān)懷，從黑猩猩研究者轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿颦h(huán)保行動(dòng)主義者，重新定義人類與自然的關(guān)系。邏輯流向：突破性發(fā)現(xiàn)→革命性方法→情感紐帶→環(huán)境威脅→行動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變→理念升華。全文采用"科學(xué)成就—情感連接—危機(jī)覺醒—行動(dòng)回應(yīng)—哲學(xué)反思"的遞進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)，展現(xiàn)一位科學(xué)家從觀察記錄者到地球守護(hù)者的完整心路歷程。StepStep2:Exercise【基礎(chǔ)版】適合成績約90分學(xué)生1.WhatdidJaneGoodallobserveDavidGreybearddoingthatchallengedscientificbeliefs?A.BuildingaplexnestinatreeB.HuntingandeatingmeataloneC.UsingagrassstemtoextracttermitesD.Breakingalockonabananabox2.Accordingtothearticle,howlongdidGoodallconductintensiveresearchatGombe?A.Morethan10yearsB.Morethan25yearsC.Exactly30yearsD.Over60years3.Whatdoestheword"unprecedented"meaninparagraph2?A.RepeatingpreviousresearchmethodsB.Withoutpreviousexample;neverdonebeforeC.ScientificallyquestionableD.Partiallyinplete4.Whatdoes"Theexperience"inparagraph4referto?A.ThejoyofseeingchimpanzeesinthewildB.ThepublicationofherresearchfindingsC.WitnessinghabitatdestructionandmunitystrugglesD.ReceivingtheUNMessengerofPeaceaward5.Whatisthemainideaofthefinalparagraph?A.GoodallregretsdedicatingherlifetochimpanzeeresearchB.Goodallbelievespassionishumanity'smostpowerfultoolC.GoodallthinksscientifictrainingisunnecessaryforresearchD.GoodallplanstoreturntoGombeforadditionalfieldwork【提高版】適合成績約130分學(xué)生1.WhatcanbeinferredaboutGoodall'sresearchmethodologyfromthepassage?A.ItreliedheavilyonadvancedtechnologyandlaboratoryequipmentB.ItprioritizedemotionalconnectionoverobjectivedatacollectionC.ItbinedsystematiclongtermobservationwithindividualrecognitionD.Itwasinitiallycriticizedbutlateracceptedbyallscientists2.Theauthor'sprimarypurposeinwritingthisarticleisto:A.CriticizetraditionalscientificmethodsforlackingpassionB.DocumentthepletechronologicalhistoryofchimpanzeeconservationC.IllustratehowpassionanddedicationcantransformscientificunderstandingD.Arguethatchimpanzeesshouldbegrantedthesamerightsashumans3.Theauthormentionsthe2013Woundaincidentprimarilyto:A.ProvedefinitivelythatchimpanzeescanexpresshumanemotionsB.DemonstratethelongtermimpactofGoodall'spassionateresearchapproachC.CriticizetheeffectivenessofreleasingcaptiveanimalsintothewildD.ShowthatGoodallcontinuestoactivelyconductfieldresearchtoday4.Howdoesparagraph4functionintheoverallstructureofthepassage?A.ItintroducesapletelynewtopicunrelatedtopreviousparagraphsB.ItmarksasignificantshiftfromscientificresearchtoconservationactivismC.ItmerelysummarizesargumentsthatwerealreadyfullydevelopedearlierD.ItprovidesanexhaustivelistofallGoodall'sachievements5.Whatargumentispresentedinthefinalparagraphabouthumancapacity?A.LanguageabilityautomaticallymakeshumanssuperiortoallotherspeciesB.HumanintelligencehasprimarilybeenusedtodestroythenaturalworldC.PlanningabilitiesshouldmakehumansresponsiblestewardsofnatureD.Scientificknowledgeisultimatelymoreimportantthanemotionalconnection(三)答案與解析基礎(chǔ)版答案與解析答案：1.C,2.B,3.B,4.C,5.B解析：答案C正確。第一段明確提到"observedachimpanzeenamedDavidGreybeardusingagrassstemtoextracttermites"，這是挑戰(zhàn)科學(xué)界觀點(diǎn)的核心發(fā)現(xiàn)。A、B、D選項(xiàng)文中雖有提及，但不是DavidGreybeard的具體行為。答案B正確。第二段明確提到"Over25years,shemeticulouslyrecordedeveryinteraction"。A選項(xiàng)時(shí)間過短，C選項(xiàng)"exactly30years"不準(zhǔn)確，D選項(xiàng)"over60years"指的是她整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯，而非在Gombe的集中研究時(shí)間。答案B正確。"Unprecedented"意為"前所未有的"，與第二段強(qiáng)調(diào)她的研究方法不同于傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)家、具有開創(chuàng)性的語境相符。A選項(xiàng)"重復(fù)"與詞義相反，C、D選項(xiàng)為無關(guān)干擾項(xiàng)。答案C正確。第四段開頭"Theexperience"指代第三段結(jié)尾描述的1990年目睹的"森林被毀、土地貧瘠、社區(qū)掙扎"的破壞性場景。A選項(xiàng)是早期經(jīng)歷，B、D選項(xiàng)發(fā)生在更晚時(shí)期。答案B正確。最后一段主旨是Goodall認(rèn)為"understandingandpassionarenotweaknesses,buthumanity'smostpowerfultools"。A選項(xiàng)與文意相反，C選項(xiàng)過度推斷，D選項(xiàng)文中未提及。提高版答案與解析答案：1.C,2.C,3.B,4.B,5.C解析：答案C正確。文章表明Goodall既進(jìn)行了"25年的系統(tǒng)觀察"，又采用"命名個(gè)體而非編號(hào)"的個(gè)性化方法，體現(xiàn)了兩者的結(jié)合。A選項(xiàng)"先進(jìn)技術(shù)"文中未提；B選項(xiàng)"優(yōu)先情感"曲解了她方法的科學(xué)性；D選項(xiàng)"所有科學(xué)家"過于絕對。答案C正確。全文通過Goodall的故事展示熱情與奉獻(xiàn)如何推動(dòng)科學(xué)認(rèn)知的突破。A選項(xiàng)"批評傳統(tǒng)方法"不是主要目的；B選項(xiàng)"完整歷史"過于寬泛；D選項(xiàng)"主張動(dòng)物權(quán)利"偏離主題。答案B正確。2013年Wounda的擁抱事件是對她60年passionateresearch方法的終極驗(yàn)證，體現(xiàn)了長期情感投入的深度影響。A選項(xiàng)"definitivelyprove"過于絕對；C選項(xiàng)"批評放生"與文意相反；D選項(xiàng)"仍在進(jìn)行野外研究"不是主要意圖。答案B正確。第四段從研究生涯轉(zhuǎn)向全球行動(dòng)主義，標(biāo)志著文章的重大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)"完全無關(guān)"錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)"僅作總結(jié)"不準(zhǔn)確，這是新發(fā)展階段；D選項(xiàng)"詳盡列舉"不符合concise的寫作風(fēng)格。答案C正確。最后一段指出人類語言規(guī)劃能力"shouldmakeuswisestewardsofnature"，強(qiáng)調(diào)了應(yīng)有的責(zé)任。A選項(xiàng)"自動(dòng)優(yōu)越"過于簡化；B選項(xiàng)"主要用于破壞"不是論點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)"知識(shí)比情感重要"與文章強(qiáng)調(diào)的passion價(jià)值相悖。StepStep3:Learningredefine重點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞作謂語，考查"重新定義"的抽象含義，科技人文類文章高頻詞近義詞：reshape,reformulate反義詞：maintain,preserve形近詞：define(v.定義),definition(n.定義)拓展：redefine(v.重新定義)├──redefine(現(xiàn)分詞:redefining)├──redefinition(n.重新定義)└──define(v.定義；限定)breakthrough重點(diǎn)：名詞/形容詞作定語，突破（性）的，科技新聞高頻考點(diǎn)熟詞生意：作形容詞時(shí)常修飾"discovery/observation"近義詞：advance,leap反義詞：setback,regression形近詞：breakthrough(動(dòng)詞短語),breakdown(出故障)拓展：breakthrough(n.突破；突破性進(jìn)展)├──breakthrough(phrasalv.突破；突圍)└──break(v.打破；休息)unprecedented重點(diǎn)：形容詞作表語/定語，"前所未有的"熟詞生義重點(diǎn)考查近義詞：unparalleled,novel反義詞：conventional,traditional形近詞：unprecedented拓展：unprecedented(adj.前所未有的；空前的)├──precedented(adj.有先例的)├──precede(v.先于；在...之前)└──precedent(n.先例)meticulously重點(diǎn)：副詞作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞，考查"細(xì)致地"精確含義近義詞：carefully,precisely,scrupulously反義詞：carelessly,roughly形近詞：meticulous(adj.細(xì)致的),méticuleux(法語詞源)拓展：meticulous(adj.一絲不茍的；細(xì)致的)├──meticulously(adv.細(xì)致地；一絲不茍地)└──meticulousness(n.細(xì)致；一絲不茍)reconciliation重點(diǎn)：名詞作主語/賓語，抽象概念詞，社會(huì)/心理類文章高頻近義詞：reunion,resolution反義詞：conflict,estrangement形近詞：reconcile(v.和解),conciliation(n.安撫)拓展：reconcile(v.使和解；調(diào)和)├──reconciliation(n.和解；調(diào)和)├──reconciliatory(adj.和解的)└──irreconcilable(adj.不可調(diào)和的)devastating重點(diǎn)：形容詞作定語/表語，"毀滅性的"強(qiáng)烈情感色彩詞熟詞生意：可指"令人震驚的"（devastatingnews）近義詞：destructive,ruinous,shocking反義詞：constructive,beneficial形近詞：devastate(v.摧毀),devastated(adj.極度震驚的)拓展：devastate(v.摧毀；使極度震驚)├──devastating(adj.毀滅性的；令人震驚的)├──devastated(adj.極度震驚的；被摧毀的)└──devastation(n.毀滅；破壞)deforestation重點(diǎn)：名詞作主語/賓語，環(huán)境類文章核心詞匯，派生詞豐富近義詞：clearcutting,denudation反義詞：reforestation,afforestation形近詞：forest(n.森林),forestry(n.林學(xué))拓展：forest(n.森林)├──deforestation(n.森林砍伐)├──reforestation(n.重新造林)└──afforestation(n.植樹造林)empowering重點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞/現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，"賦予權(quán)力"抽象含義，社會(huì)議題高頻近義詞：authorizing,enabling反義詞：disempowering,restricting形近詞：power(n.權(quán)力),powerless(adj.無力的)拓展：power(n.權(quán)力；能源)├──empower(v.賦予權(quán)力；授權(quán))├──empowering(adj.賦予權(quán)力的)├──empowerment(n.賦權(quán))└──powerless(adj.無力的；無權(quán)的)steward重點(diǎn)：名詞作賓語，"管理者"熟詞生義，考查隱喻含義熟詞生意：原指"管家"，文中引申為"地球資源管理者"近義詞：guardian,caretaker,manager反義詞：exploiter,destroyer形近詞：stewardess(n.空姐),stewardship(n.管理職責(zé))拓展：steward(n.管家；管理員；Steward(姓氏))├──stewardship(n.管理工作；代管職責(zé))└──stewardess(n.女管家；空姐)distinguish重點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞作謂語，考查"distinguishAfromB"固定搭配近義詞：differentiate,discriminate反義詞：confuse,mixup形近詞：distinct(adj.不同的),distinctive(adj.獨(dú)特的)拓展：distinguish(v.區(qū)分；辨別；使杰出)├──distinguished(adj.卓越的；杰出的)├──distinctive(adj.獨(dú)特的；有特色的)└──distinction(n.區(qū)別；榮譽(yù))exclusively重點(diǎn)：副詞作狀語，"唯一地"強(qiáng)調(diào)含義，閱讀邏輯題高頻近義詞：solely,purely,only反義詞：inclusively,broadly形近詞：exclusive(adj.獨(dú)有的；排他的),exclude(v.排除)拓展：exclude(v.排除；排斥)├──exclusive(adj.獨(dú)有的；排外的)├──exclusively(adv.唯一地；排他地)└──exclusion(n.排除；排斥)unparalleled重點(diǎn)：形容詞作定語，"無與倫比的"高級替換詞近義詞：unmatched,unequaled反義詞：mon,ordinary形近詞：parallel(adj.平行的),paralleled(v.與...相似)拓展：parallel(adj.平行的；類似的)├──unparalleled(adj.空前的；無比的)└──parallelism(n.平行；類似)plexity重點(diǎn)：名詞作主語/賓語，抽象名詞，科技/社會(huì)類文章高頻近義詞：sophistication,intricacy反義詞：simplicity形近詞：plex(adj.復(fù)雜的),plexion(n.膚色)拓展：plex(adj.復(fù)雜的)├──plexity(n.復(fù)雜性；復(fù)雜之處)├──plexify(v.使復(fù)雜化)└──反義詞：simplicity(n.簡單)spontaneously重點(diǎn)：副詞作狀語，"自發(fā)地"考查語境中的突然性近義詞：automatically,naturally反義詞：deliberately,intentionally形近詞：spontaneous(adj.自發(fā)的),spontaneity(n.自發(fā)性)拓展：spontaneous(adj.自發(fā)的；自然的)├──spontaneously(adv.自發(fā)地；自然地)└──spontaneity(n.自發(fā)性；自然性)transform重點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞作謂語，"轉(zhuǎn)變"強(qiáng)調(diào)根本性變化，寫作高頻詞近義詞：convert,revolutionize反義詞：preserve,maintain形近詞：transformer(n.變壓器；變形金剛),transfigure(v.美化)拓展：transform(v.改變；轉(zhuǎn)化)├──transformation(n.轉(zhuǎn)變；變革)├──transformative(adj.有變革能力的)└──transformer(n.變壓器；引起變化的人)capacity重點(diǎn)：名詞作賓語，"能力"抽象含義，考查語境中具體指代熟詞生意：可指"容量；容積"（物理）近義詞：ability,capability,potential反義詞：inability,incapacity形近詞：capable(adj.有能力的),capability(n.能力)拓展：capable(adj.有能力的)├──capacity(n.能力；容量)├──capability(n.能力；才能)└──incapacitate(v.使無能力)passion重點(diǎn)：名詞作賓語，"同情"抽象情感詞匯，人文類文章核心詞近義詞：sympathy,empathy,kindness反義詞：cruelty,indifference形近詞：passion(n.激情),passionate(adj.有同情心的)拓展：passion(n.同情；憐憫)├──passionate(adj.有同情心的；表示憐憫的)└──passion(n.激情；熱情)（形近詞，注意區(qū)分）planetary重點(diǎn)：形容詞作定語，"地球的"熟詞生義，環(huán)境類文章標(biāo)志詞熟詞生意：由"planet"派生，常修飾"change/issues"近義詞：global,worldwide,terrestrial反義詞：local,regional形近詞：planet(n.行星),plenary(adj.全體出席的)拓展：planet(n.行星；地球)├──planetary(adj.行星的；地球的)└──planetarysystem(n.行星系)document重點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞作謂語，"記錄"熟詞生義，學(xué)術(shù)寫作高頻熟詞生意：作名詞指"文件"，動(dòng)詞義為"記錄；證明"近義詞：record,chronicle反義詞：ignore,overlook形近詞：documentary(n.紀(jì)錄片；adj.文件的)拓展：document(n.文件；文檔)├──document(v.記錄；記載)├──documentation(n.文件證據(jù)；歸檔)└──documentary(n.紀(jì)錄片；adj.記錄的)core重點(diǎn)：名詞/形容詞作定語，"核心"含義，抽象概念具體化表達(dá)近義詞：center,essence,fundamental反義詞：surface,periphery形近詞：corps(n.軍團(tuán)),corpse(n.尸體)拓展：core(n.核心；果核)├──core(adj.核心的；主要的)├──tothecore(徹底地；完全地)└──形近詞：corps(n.軍團(tuán))/corpse(n.尸體)（注意區(qū)分）StepStep4:plexSentence長難句1原句：What

madeGoodall'sresearchunprecedented

was

notjustherfindings,buthermethods.漢語翻譯：使古道爾的研究前所未有的不僅僅是她的發(fā)現(xiàn)，還有她的方法。層級結(jié)構(gòu)圖：主干結(jié)構(gòu)（主系表）：WhatmadeGoodall'sresearchunprecedented

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