專題十三：主從復合句專題十三：主從復合句第一部分、賓語從句考點：賓語從句的用法1、賓語從句：就是從句在整個句子中充當賓語的復合句式等。2、賓語從句的引導詞：引導詞用法例句易錯點That從句表事實/陳述，that可省略Ithink(that)sheisright.（我認為她是對的。）2.Hetoldme(that)helikedmusic.（他告訴我他喜歡音樂。）動詞（think/say/tell）后接陳述句，that省略不影響句意一般疑問句→if/whether 從句表“是否”，if/whether可互換；whether可接ornot，if不可 Sheasksif/whetheritwillrain.（她問是否會下雨。）2.Doyouknowwhetherhewilleornot?（你知道他是否會來嗎？）if...orif...ornot”，要用“whether...ornot”特殊疑問句→疑問詞用原疑問詞（what/who/where等）作引導詞，不可省略Doyouknowwhathebought?（你知道他買了什么嗎？）2.Idon’tknowwhereshelives..（我不知道她住在哪。） 疑問詞在從句中需充當成分（主語/賓語/狀語等）3、賓語從句的語序由whether/if和特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句要用陳述語序，原來的倒裝語序改成陳述語序時注意相應(yīng)的助動詞和動詞的變化等。例句：Wheredoesyourfatherwork?Canyoutellus?→Canyoutelluswhereyourfatherworks?你能告訴我們你爸爸在哪里工作嗎？例句：Didyougethomeverylate?Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIgothomeverylate.他問我是否到家很晚。4、賓語從句的時態(tài)分類用法例句易錯點主句現(xiàn)→從句任意時主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)實際語境選時態(tài) Shesayssheisreadingnow.（現(xiàn)進行時）2.Hetellsmehewillgotomorrow.（一般將來時） 不受主句限制，看從句動作發(fā)生的時間主句過→從句過時態(tài)主句是一般過去時，從句用過去類時態(tài)（過現(xiàn)/過進/過將等） 1.Hesaidhewasastudent.（一般過去時）2.Shetoldmeshewouldesoon.（過去將來時）注意“will→would”“is→was”等時態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換從句是客觀真理→現(xiàn)單三無論主句時態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時 1.Theteachersaidthemoongoesaroundtheearth.（月亮繞地球轉(zhuǎn)）2.Hetolduslighttravelsfast.（光傳播得快）客觀真理/科學事實永用一般現(xiàn)在時，不受主句過去時影響5、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句如果是Ithink/believe/imagine/suppose/guess/expect等，從句的否定一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，其反意疑問句與從句一致。例例句：例句：Idon’tthinkthey’llwaittothelastminute，willthey？我認為他們不會等到最后一分鐘，他們會嗎？例句：Idon’tbelievehedidthis,didhe?我相信他不會做這樣的事，他會嗎？【基礎(chǔ)練習】一、單項選擇1．—DoyouthinkJackcangetgoodmarks?—Ineverdoubt________hewillwintherace.A．if B．that C．how D．whether2．—Ibegyourpardon,Ididn’tcatchyou.—Ijustasked_____________.A．thatyouenjoyedyourbirthdaypartylastnight B．wheredoyourclassmatesbuythebirthdaygiftsC．ifyouinvitedyourclassmatestoyourbirthdayparty D．whetheryoulikethebirthdaygiftsfromyourclassmates3．—Doyouknow________we’llgetthereat3:00thisafternoon?—I’mafraidwe’llbelate.A．that B．how C．why D．if4．—Couldyoutellme________?I’mgoingtopickyouupattheairport.—AtfivefortyfivethisFriday.A．whereyoumetme B．whoyouareingwith C．whattimeyouarearriving5．—Couldyoupleasetellme________?—TheWrightBrothers.A．whentheplanewasinventedB．whotheplanewasinventedbyC．howtheplanewasinvented6．—Couldyoutellme________?—Goalongthestreetandturnleftatthesecondcrossing.A．whichisthewaytothelibraryB．howcanIgettothelibraryC．whereIcouldbuysomestamps7．Alicecouldn’tfindout________,soshehandedittotheteacher.A．whosebookwasit B．who’sthebook C．whosebookmayit D．whosebookitwas8．Youcaneat________youlike.Helpyourself.A．whatever B．when C．however9．—Doyouknow_________thebookstoreclosestoday?Ineedtobuyadictionary.—I’mnotsureifitclosesat6p.m.,butyou’dbettergoquickly.A．what B．when C．where D．why10．—I’mlookingforwardtoChina’s15thNationalGames.Doyouknow________?—Yes,inGuangzhou,HongKongandMacao.A．whenwillitbeheld B．whenitwillbeheld C．wherewillitbeheld D．whereitwillbeheld11．—Intoday’safterschoolserviceclass,wetalkedabout________.—That’sagoodtopicforteenagers’mental(心理)health.A．howwecouldkeepagoodfeeling B．howwecangetbettergradesC．howcanwemanageourtime D．howcouldwebehelpful12．—Fionaplannedtojoinourdanceclub.Doyouknow________?—Maybeshedidn’thaveenoughtimeforit.A．whyshesuddenlychangeshermindB．whydidshesuddenlychangehermindC．whyshesuddenlychangedhermind13．Davidwilldo_________hismotheraskshim.A．however B．whatever C．whoever14．Father’sDayising.I’mthinkingabout________.A．whatpresentIgavehim B．howIwillgivehimasurpriseC．ifIplannedapartyforhim D．wherewehadabigmeal15．—Whatdidyoulearninphysicsclass?—Theteachertoldusthelight________fasterthanthesound.A．travelling B．travelled C．travel D．travels16．—Lilydidn’tappearattheschoolpartyyesterday.Doyouknow________?—Oh,shehadabadcold.A．Whatwaswrongwithher B．whatwrongshewasC．whatshehappened D．whathappenedshewas17．I________tointerruptotherswhiletheyaretalking.A．thinkitisnotpolite B．don’tthinkitispoliteC．thinkit’spolite D．don’tthinkit’snotpolite第二部分、定語從句考點：定語從句的定義和用法初中定語從句核心：用句子修飾名詞/代詞，本質(zhì)是“加長版的形容詞”，分兩類核心考點。2、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+引導詞+定語從句（1）

先行詞：放在引導詞前面被從句修飾的名詞/代詞（比例句：thebook,thegirl）。（2）關(guān)系詞：連接主句和從句的詞，分兩類：關(guān)系代詞：在從句中作主語/賓語（who,whom,which,that,whose）關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語（when時間,where地點,why原因）（3）定語從句：緊跟先行詞，用關(guān)系詞引導的句子。3、核心關(guān)系詞用法分類關(guān)系詞指代對象從句中作用例句關(guān)系代詞who人（主格）主語TheboywhoissmilingisTom.（微笑的男孩是湯姆）whom人（賓格）賓語（可?。㏕hegirlwhomyoumetismysister.（你見的女孩是我姐）which物/事主語/賓語ThisisthepenwhichIlost.（這是我丟的筆）that人/物主語/賓語（可?。㏕hebookthathegavemeisfun.（他給我的書很有趣）whose人/物的“……的”定語（表所屬）ThegirlwhosehairislongisLucy.（長發(fā)女孩是露西）關(guān)系副詞where地點地點狀語Thisistheparkwhereweplayed.（這是我們玩過的公園）Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.這是他到達的時間。Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。考點：定語從句易錯點1.

關(guān)系詞“that/which/who”混淆錯誤：先行詞既有人又有物時，誤用which/who正解：必須用that（唯一選項）例句：TheteacherandherclassthatIvisitedweregreat.（√）2.

介詞提前時的關(guān)系詞錯誤錯誤：介詞在關(guān)系詞前，用了that/who正解：只能用“介詞+whom（人）/which（物）”，且不可省例句：ThepenwithwhichIwriteisnew.（√）；ThepenwiththatIwriteisnew.（×）3.

“關(guān)系代詞省略”的過度使用錯誤：關(guān)系詞作主語時，誤省略that/which/who正解：關(guān)系詞作主語時絕對不能省，作賓語時才可以省例句：ThegirlwhosingswellisLucy.（who不可省，作主語）；Thebook(that)Ireadisfun.（that可省，作賓語）4.

“where”和“which”的誤用錯誤：看到“地點”就用where，忽略從句是否缺賓語正解：從句缺賓語用which，不缺賓語用where例句：Thisisthecitywhichwevisited.（缺賓語，visited后沒名詞）；Thisisthecitywherewelived.（不缺賓語，lived后有in的含義）5.

whose的所屬關(guān)系混淆錯誤：表“物的所屬”時，不會用whose或ofwhich正解：whose可代人/物，=“ofwhich（物）/ofwhom（人）”例句：Thehousewhosewindowisbroken=Thehouseofwhichthewindowisbroken.（√）【隨堂練習】一、單項選擇1．Tommysaidhewastheonlyperson________Icouldtrustinthistown.A．which B．that C．whose D．how2．—Haveyouheardofthemostbeautifulplace________hevisitedlastwinter?—Yes,itisthebeautifulplacein________LuXunwasborn.A．/,which B．that,that C．which,/3．Thisistheplace________heoftenmentioned,butIhaveno________aboutit.A．/;sense B．which;idea C．where;humour D．that;doubt4．Theyoungman__________isleavingforJapannextSaturday.A．thegirlistalkingtohim B．whothegirlistalkingtoC．whichthegirlistalkingto D．whothegirlistalking5．Successalwaysbelongstothose________trytheirbesttomaketheirdreametrue.A．whose B．whom C．who6．That’sthenewinstrument________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A．that B．which C．whose7．Doyouknowtheyear________theChinesemunistPartywasfounded?A．which B．that C．when D．onwhich8．Thefamousactorinvitedthejournalisttothesmalltheater________hiscareerbegan.There,hesharedtheway________heimprovedhisactingskills.A．where;where B．which;where C．where;/ D．which:/9．Shanghaiisexperiencinganotherextremeheatwave,________hasbeemorefrequentinrecentyearsduetoclimatechange.A．that B．which C．who D．when10．_______,differentcultureshavedifferentwaysofcelebratingfestivals.A．Itisknownthat B．Asisknowntoall C．Whatisknown D．Whichisknownthat11．IntheUSA,conversationislesslivelythaninmanyothercultures,____everyonetalksatthesametime.A．which B．that C．where D．what12．Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.________youcandohelps.A．However B．Whoever C．Whatever第三部分、狀語從句考點：狀語從句的定義和用法1、狀語從句：狀語從句是句子的狀語由一個從句充當，它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語和整個句子。狀語從句都由從屬連詞引導，與主句連接，放在句末時，一般不在前面加逗號。2、例句：Whereveryougo,Iwillberighther注意：because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯已為人們所知，就用as或since。例句：Ididn'tgo,becauseIwasafraid.我沒有去因為我害怕。Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.因為天氣不好，我們得推遲我們的旅行。【基礎(chǔ)練習】一、單項選擇1．—Pleasetellhimthenews.—OK.I’lltellhim________Iseehim.A．a(chǎn)ssoonas B．since C．because D．before2．MrGreenwastalkingonthephone________Iarrivedathisoffice.A．while B．when C．a(chǎn)ssoonas D．before3．Mydadwascookinginthekitchen________mymumwascleaningthehouse.A．because B．while C．until D．but4．________Helen’sknowledgeandvocabularyincreased,sheaskedmoreandmorequestions.A．Unless B．While C．As D．Before5．Hehasbeenquitedifferent________heachievedhisdreamin2024.A．when B．since C．sothat D．a(chǎn)fter6．Pleasemakesuretoclosethewindows________youleavetheclassroom.A．until B．because C．before D．if7．We________abletosingthisEnglishsongperfectlyafterwepracticeitseveraltimes.A．a(chǎn)re B．were C．willbe D．havebeen8．Ididn’trealizetheimportanceofhealth________Ilostit.A．while B．until C．when D．if9．BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we________inEuropefortwoweeks.A．willstay B．willhavestayed C．havestayed D．havebeenstaying10．________youfinishyourhomework,youcan’twatchTV.A．If B．Unless C．When D．Because11．________heis38yearsold,heisstillthebestte