2025年GRE閱讀真題集考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______Section11.Thepassagebelowisanexcerptfromabookabouteconomicdevelopmentinruralareas.Foreachquestion,selectthebestanswerchoicebasedontheinformationprovidedinthepassage.Adecliningagriculturalsectorandlimitedindustrialopportunitieshavelongcharacterizedmanyruraleconomies.Economistshaveproposedvariousstrategiestostimulategrowthintheseareas,rangingfromtaxincentivesforbusinessestoinfrastructureinvestments.However,arecentstudysuggeststhatoneofthemosteffectiveapproachesinvolvesfosteringlocalentrepreneurshipandsupportingsmallbusinesses.Bycreatinganenvironmentconducivetoinnovationandrisk-taking,ruralcommunitiescandevelopself-sustainingeconomicdynamism.Thisapproachnotonlygeneratesjobsbutalsobuildslocalcapacityandresilience,makingeconomieslessdependentonexternalfactors.Criticsarguethatsuchinitiativesrequiresignificantupfrontinvestmentandmaynotyieldimmediateresults,butproponentsemphasizethelong-termbenefitsofbuildingadiversifiedandadaptablelocaleconomy.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpointofthepassage?(A)Taxincentivesarethemosteffectivetoolforrevitalizingruraleconomies.(B)Infrastructureinvestmentsaloneareinsufficienttopromotesustainablegrowthinruralareas.(C)Fosteringlocalentrepreneurshipoffersapromisingstrategyforeconomicdevelopmentinruralregions.(D)Smallbusinessesareinherentlymoreprofitablethanlargecorporationsinruralsettings.(E)Economicdevelopmentinruralareasisprimarilyamatterofattractingexternalinvestment.2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonepotentialcriticismoffosteringlocalentrepreneurshipinruralcommunities?(A)Itmayleadtoincreasedcompetitionamongsmallbusinesses.(B)Itrequiressignificantupfrontinvestmentandmaynotproduceimmediateresults.(C)Itoftenresultsinthelossoftraditionalagriculturaljobs.(D)Itmakesruraleconomiesmorevulnerabletomarketfluctuations.(E)Itprimarilybenefitsasmallnumberofindividualsratherthanthecommunityasawhole.3.Thepassagesuggeststhatbuildingadiversifiedandadaptablelocaleconomyinruralareaswouldlikelyresultinwhichoutcome?(A)Reduceddependenceonexternaleconomicfactors.(B)Increasedrelianceongovernmentsubsidies.(C)Adeclineinthenumberofsmallbusinesses.(D)Lowerjobcreationcomparedtoindustrialdevelopment.(E)Greatereconomicinequalitywithinthecommunity.4.Theword"dynamism"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto:(A)Stagnation(B)Growth(C)Instability(D)Decline(E)Conflict5.Thepassageincludesareferenceto"critics"whoargueagainsttheproposedapproach.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofmentioningthesecritics?(A)Toprovideevidencesupportingthemainargument.(B)Tointroduceanalternativeperspectiveontheissue.(C)Tosuggestthattheapproachiscompletelyineffective.(D)Tohighlighttheimmediatefinancialbenefitsoftheapproach.(E)Toquestionthecredibilityoftheproponents.6.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingistrueaboutruraleconomies?(A)Theyareinherentlyincapableofgeneratingsignificanteconomicgrowth.(B)Theyarehighlydependentonexternaleconomicfactors.(C)Theyareprimarilyfocusedonindustrialdevelopment.(D)Theydonotbenefitfromgovernmentsupport.(E)Theyarealwaysabletosustainthemselveswithoutexternalinvestment.7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthepassagewouldasupporteroftheapproachdescribedinthepassagelikelyagreewith?(A)Taxincentivesarethemosteffectivewaytostimulateruraleconomies.(B)Largecorporationsareessentialforeconomicdevelopmentinruralareas.(C)Buildinglocalcapacityandresilienceiscrucialforlong-termsuccess.(D)Infrastructureinvestmentsshouldbethesolefocusofruraleconomicdevelopment.(E)Externalinvestmentisalwaysnecessaryforruraleconomicgrowth.8.Thepassageisstructuredprimarilyto:(A)Describeaspecificstudyonruraleconomicdevelopment.(B)Comparedifferentstrategiesforeconomicgrowthinruralareas.(C)Arguefortheeffectivenessoffosteringlocalentrepreneurship.(D)Explainthecausesofeconomicdeclineinruralcommunities.(E)Detailthefinancialrequirementsforimplementingeconomicdevelopmentinitiatives.---Section29.Thefollowingpassagediscussestheimpactofsocialmediaonpoliticaldiscourse.Foreachquestion,selectthebestanswerchoicebasedontheinformationprovidedinthepassage.Theriseofsocialmediahasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofpoliticaldiscourse.Traditionalmediaoutlets,oncetheprimarychannelsforpoliticalcommunication,nowcompetewithplatformslikeTwitter,Facebook,andInstagramforpublicattention.Thisshifthasseveralsignificantconsequences.Ononehand,socialmediahasdemocratizedthepoliticalprocessbyallowingordinarycitizenstovoicetheiropinionsandengageindirectdialoguewithpoliticalfigures.Ontheotherhand,ithasalsofacilitatedthespreadofmisinformationandtheformationofechochambers,whereindividualsareprimarilyexposedtoviewpointsthatreinforcetheirexistingbeliefs.Analystsarguethattheseechochamberscanpolarizesocietyandmakeconstructivepoliticaldialogueincreasinglydifficult.Whilesocialmediahasthepotentialtofostergreaterpoliticalparticipation,itscurrentstructureandalgorithmsmayinadvertentlyhinderthepursuitofcommonground.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentsthecentraltensiondescribedinthepassage?(A)Thedifferencebetweentraditionalandnewmediaoutlets.(B)Thechallengeofbalancingpoliticalparticipationwiththeneedforaccurateinformation.(C)Theconflictbetweenindividualexpressionandsocietalpolarization.(D)Thecompetitionforpublicattentionamongvariouspoliticalfigures.(E)Thegapbetweenpoliticalaspirationsandtherealityofsocialmediaplatforms.10.Thepassagesuggeststhatoneofthenegativeconsequencesofsocialmediaonpoliticaldiscourseis:(A)Adecreaseinthenumberofpeopleengaginginpoliticaldiscussions.(B)Thedominanceofpoliticalfiguresinshapingpublicopinion.(C)Thespreadofmisinformationandtheformationofechochambers.(D)Anincreaseinthediversityofpoliticalviewpoints.(E)Thereductionofdirectdialoguebetweenpoliticalleadersandcitizens.11.Accordingtothepassage,whathassocialmediademocratizedinthepoliticalprocess?(A)Theaccesstopoliticalofficeforawiderrangeofcandidates.(B)Theprocessofpoliticalfundraisingthroughonlineplatforms.(C)Theabilityforordinarycitizenstovoicetheiropinionsandengageindialogue.(D)Thelevelofcoveragegiventopoliticalissuesbytraditionalmedia.(E)Theinfluenceofpublicopiniononpolicydecisions.12.Theword"democratized"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto:(A)Restricted(B)Equalized(C)Centralized(D)Commercialized(E)Regulated13.Thepassagementionsthat"analystsarguethattheseechochamberscanpolarizesociety."Whatistheprimarypurposeofthisstatement?(A)Toprovideevidenceforthemainargument.(B)Tointroduceacontrastingviewpointtothepassage'soverallperspective.(C)Tosuggestthatechochambersarenotasignificantissue.(D)Toemphasizethepotentialnegativeconsequencesofsocialmedia.(E)Toquestionthereliabilityofsocialmediaplatforms.14.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingistrueaboutpoliticaldiscoursebeforetheriseofsocialmedia?(A)Itwasprimarilycontrolledbyasmallnumberofmediaoutlets.(B)Itwascharacterizedbywidespreadmisinformation.(C)Itlackedopportunitiesfordirectcitizenengagement.(D)Itdidnotfacilitatetheformationofpolarizedgroups.(E)Itwasprimarilyfocusedoneconomicissues.15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthepassagewouldanindividualwhobelievesinthepositivepotentialofsocialmedialikelyagreewith?(A)Socialmediahasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofpoliticaldiscourseinanegativeway.(B)Traditionalmediaoutletsarestilltheprimarychannelsforpoliticalcommunication.(C)Socialmediaplatformsshouldbemorestrictlyregulatedtopreventthespreadofmisinformation.(D)Thepotentialbenefitsofsocialmediainpoliticaldiscourseoutweighitsnegativeconsequences.(E)Echochambersareanunavoidableconsequenceofsocialmediaandshouldbeaccepted.16.Thepassageisstructuredprimarilyto:(A)Argueagainsttheuseofsocialmediainpoliticaldiscourse.(B)Describetheimpactofsocialmediaonpoliticalcommunication.(C)Proposesolutionstotheproblemofmisinformationonsocialmedia.(D)Comparetheeffectivenessofdifferentsocialmediaplatforms.(E)Detailthealgorithmsusedbysocialmediacompanies.---Section317.Thefollowingpassageisfromascientificarticlediscussingclimatechange.Foreachquestion,selectthebestanswerchoicebasedontheinformationprovidedinthepassage.Climatechangeiscausingsignificantalterationsinglobalweatherpatterns,withprofoundimplicationsforecosystemsandhumansocieties.Oneofthemostvisibleeffectsisthemeltingofpolaricecapsandglaciers,whichcontributestorisingsealevels.Thisphenomenonposesaseriousthreattocoastalcommunitiesandlow-lyingareas.Additionally,changesintemperatureandprecipitationpatternsareleadingtomorefrequentandsevereweatherevents,suchashurricanes,droughts,andheatwaves.Theseeventsdisruptagriculturalproductivity,damageinfrastructure,andcanresultinlossoflife.Scientistspredictthatifcurrenttrendscontinue,theimpactsofclimatechangewillbecomeincreasinglysevere,requiringurgentandcoordinatedglobalactiontomitigateitseffectsandadapttothechangingenvironment.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainpointofthepassage?(A)Themeltingofpolaricecapsisthemostsignificanteffectofclimatechange.(B)Risingsealevelsposeaseriousthreattocoastalcommunities.(C)Climatechangeiscausingsignificantalterationsinglobalweatherpatternswithfar-reachingconsequences.(D)Agriculturalproductivityishighlysensitivetochangesintemperatureandprecipitation.(E)Scientistspredictthattheimpactsofclimatechangewillbeminorifcurrenttrendscontinue.18.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneconsequenceofmeltingpolaricecapsandglaciers?(A)Anincreaseintheamountoffreshwateravailableforagriculture.(B)Areductioninthefrequencyofsevereweatherevents.(C)Theformationofnewcoastalhabitats.(D)Risingsealevels.(E)Adecreaseinglobaltemperatures.19.Thepassagesuggeststhatchangesintemperatureandprecipitationpatternsareleadingtowhichoutcome?(A)Morepredictableweatherconditions.(B)Anincreaseintheavailabilityofwaterresources.(C)Morefrequentandsevereweatherevents.(D)Areductionintheintensityofhurricanes.(E)Improvedagriculturalproductivity.20.Theword"profound"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto:(A)Shallow(B)Temporary(C)Significant(D)Localized(E)Gradual21.Thepassageincludesareferenceto"urgentandcoordinatedglobalaction."Whatistheprimarypurposeofmentioningthis?(A)Toemphasizetheseverityoftheconsequencesofclimatechange.(B)Tosuggestthatindividualeffortsaresufficienttoaddresstheissue.(C)Toarguethattheproblemofclimatechangeisexaggerated.(D)Toprovideasolutiontotheproblemofclimatechange.(E)Toindicatethatthecausesofclimatechangearenotfullyunderstood.22.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheeffectsofclimatechange?(A)Theyareprimarilylimitedtopolarregions.(B)Theyareeasilyreversibleifaddressedpromptly.(C)Theyaffectbothnaturalecosystemsandhumansocieties.(D)Theyareprimarilybeneficialforagriculturalproductivity.(E)Theyarenotassevereaspreviouslypredicted.23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthepassagewouldascientiststudyingclimatechangelikelyagreewith?(A)Theimpactsofclimatechangeareprimarilyamatterofscientificdebate.(B)Risingsealevelsaretheonlysignificantconsequenceofclimatechange.(C)Urgentandcoordinatedglobalactionisnecessarytomitigatetheeffectsofclimatechange.(D)Changesintemperatureandprecipitationpatternsarenotcausedbyhumanactivities.(E)Coastalcommunitiesarenotatriskduetoclimatechange.24.Thepassageisstructuredprimarilyto:(A)Describespecificscientificexperimentsonclimatechange.(B)Explainthecausesofclimatechangeinscientificterms.(C)Discusstheeffectsofclimatechangeonecosystemsandhumansocieties.(D)Proposetechnologicalsolutionstotheproblemofclimatechange.(E)Arguefortheneedforimmediateglobalactiontoaddressclimatechange.---Section425.Thefollowingpassageisanexcerptfromahistorybook.Foreachquestion,selectthebestanswerchoicebasedontheinformationprovidedinthepassage.TheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganinthelate18thcenturyinBritain,markedasignificantturningpointinhumanhistory.Itwascharacterizedbytheriseoffactories,thewidespreaduseofmachinery,andthedevelopmentofnewenergysources,suchassteampower.Thisperiodbroughtaboutprofoundsocialandeconomicchanges.Ononehand,itledtoincreasedproductionandimprovedlivingstandardsforsomesegmentsofthepopulation.Ontheotherhand,italsoresultedinharshworkingconditions,urbanovercrowding,andenvironmentaldegradation.TheIndustrialRevolutionacceleratedurbanizationaspeoplemovedfromruralareastocitiesinsearchofwork.Thisshifttransformedthesocialfabricofsociety,creatingnewclassesandalteringtraditionalpowerstructures.Whilethelong-termimpactoftheIndustrialRevolutionwastransformative,itsinitialphasewasmarkedbysignificantsocialupheavalandinequality.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentsthecentraltensiondescribedinthepassage?(A)Thecontrastbetweentheriseoffactoriesandthedeclineofrurallife.(B)Thecoexistenceofincreasedproductionandimprovedlivingstandardswithharshworkingconditionsandenvironmentaldegradation.(C)ThedebateoverwhethertheIndustrialRevolutionwasprimarilyapositiveornegativedevelopment.(D)Theconflictbetweenthedevelopmentofnewenergysourcesandthetraditionaluseofhumanandanimallabor.(E)Thetransformationofsocialstructuresandthecreationofnewclasses.26.ThepassagesuggeststhatoneofthenegativeconsequencesoftheIndustrialRevolutionwas:(A)Anincreaseintheavailabilityoflandforagriculturaluse.(B)Thedevelopmentofnewenergysources.(C)Harshworkingconditionsandurbanovercrowding.(D)Improvedlivingstandardsfortheentirepopulation.(E)Thedeclineoftraditionalsocialstructures.27.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasoneresultoftheriseoffactoriesandtheuseofmachinery?(A)Adecreaseintheneedformanuallabor.(B)Thewidespreadadoptionofsteampower.(C)Increasedproductionandimprovedlivingstandardsforsome.(D)Thedeclineofruralcommunities.(E)Theeliminationofchildlabor.28.Theword"transformative"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto:(A)Static(B)Incremental(C)Fundamental(D)Temporary(E)Localized29.Thepassagementionsthat"thelong-termimpactoftheIndustrialRevolutionwastransformative."Whatistheprimarypurposeofthisstatement?(A)Toprovideevidenceforthemainargument.(B)Tointroduceacontrastingviewpointtothepassage'soverallperspective.(C)TosuggestthattheinitialphaseoftheIndustrialRevolutionwasunnecessary.(D)ToemphasizethesignificanceofthechangesbroughtaboutbytheIndustrialRevolution.(E)Toquestionthevalidityofthestatementaboutsocialupheaval.30.ThepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheIndustrialRevolution?(A)Itwasprimarilydrivenbygovernmentpolicies.(B)Itdidnotleadtoanysignificantsocialchanges.(C)Ithadbothpositiveandnegativeconsequences.(D)ItwassolelyaBritishphenomenon.(E)Itoccurredduringaperiodofglobalpeaceandstability.31.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthepassagewouldanindividualwhoviewedtheIndustrialRevolutionprimarilyasanegativedevelopmentlikelyagreewith?(A)TheIndustrialRevolutionledtosignificantimprovementsinlivingstandards.(B)Theriseoffactoriesandmachinerywasapositivedevelopment.(C)ThesocialupheavalandinequalitycausedbytheIndustrialRevolutionwereunavoidable.(D)ThedevelopmentofnewenergysourceswasthemostimportantaspectoftheIndustrialRevolution.(E)TheIndustrialRevolutionprimarilybenefitedtheupperclassesofsociety.32.Thepassageisstructuredprimarilyto:(A)DescribethetechnologicaladvancementsoftheIndustrialRevolution.(B)ArguethattheIndustrialRevolutionwasanegativedevelopment.(C)DiscussthesocialandeconomicchangesbroughtaboutbytheIndustrialRevolution.(D)ExplainthecausesoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain.(E)ProposewaystomitigatethenegativeconsequencesoftheIndustrialRevolution.試卷答案1.(C)思路：文章首段指出許多農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的困境，第二段明確提出了“fosteringlocalentrepreneurshipandsupportingsmallbusinesses”是有效策略，并闡述了其優(yōu)點(diǎn)（self-sustainingeconomicdynamism,jobs,localcapacity,resilience）。第三段提到批評(píng)者的觀點(diǎn)，但并未否定這一策略本身。因此，C選項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)確概括了文章的核心論點(diǎn)。2.(B)思路：文章第三段明確提到“Criticsarguethatsuchinitiativesrequiresignificantupfrontinvestmentandmaynotyieldimmediateresults”，即批評(píng)者認(rèn)為這種（扶持本地創(chuàng)業(yè)）舉措需要大量的前期投資，并且可能不會(huì)立即見(jiàn)效。B選項(xiàng)與原文表述完全一致。3.(A)思路：文章第二段末尾提到“makingeconomieslessdependentonexternalfactors”，即使經(jīng)濟(jì)減少對(duì)外部因素的依賴。A選項(xiàng)與原文意思相符。文章未提及A選項(xiàng)中的“self-sustaining”，但“l(fā)essdependentonexternalfactors”是其重要表現(xiàn)和結(jié)果。4.(B)思路：根據(jù)上下文，“dynamism”描述的是fosteringlocalentrepreneurship帶來(lái)的效果，即經(jīng)濟(jì)活力、發(fā)展動(dòng)力。B選項(xiàng)“Growth”（增長(zhǎng)）與這種積極的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)最為接近。A選項(xiàng)“Stagnation”（停滯）與文意相反；C選項(xiàng)“Instability”（不穩(wěn)定）、D選項(xiàng)“Decline”（衰退）和E選項(xiàng)“Conflict”（沖突）均不符合文意。5.(B)思路：文章第三段提到了“critics”，他們的觀點(diǎn)是“requiresignificantupfrontinvestmentandmaynotyieldimmediateresults”。這個(gè)提及的目的不是為了支持主論點(diǎn)（而是提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn)），也不是為了完全否定，也不是為了提供解決方案或強(qiáng)調(diào)好處，更不是質(zhì)疑proponents的credibility。其主要功能是引入一個(gè)對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，說(shuō)明這種策略并非沒(méi)有爭(zhēng)議，增加了論述的全面性。6.(B)思路：文章首段明確指出“havelongcharacterizedmanyruraleconomies”為“adecliningagriculturalsectorandlimitedindustrialopportunities”，即農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期特點(diǎn)是農(nóng)業(yè)衰退和工業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)有限。這表明農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)普遍依賴外部因素（如外部工業(yè)或農(nóng)業(yè)市場(chǎng)）。A選項(xiàng)“incapableofgeneratingsignificanteconomicgrowth”過(guò)于絕對(duì)；C選項(xiàng)“primarilyfocusedonindustrialdevelopment”與首段“l(fā)imitedindustrialopportunities”矛盾；D選項(xiàng)“donotbenefitfromgovernmentsupport”與文章提出的策略（如基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資）相悖；E選項(xiàng)“alwaysabletosustainthemselveswithoutexternalinvestment”與文章主旨和現(xiàn)實(shí)不符。7.(C)思路：文章的核心觀點(diǎn)是扶持本地創(chuàng)業(yè)。一個(gè)支持者會(huì)同意什么？C選項(xiàng)“Buildinglocalcapacityandresilienceiscrucialforlong-termsuccess”直接呼應(yīng)了文章第二段強(qiáng)調(diào)的通過(guò)創(chuàng)業(yè)培養(yǎng)本地能力和韌性對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期成功的重要性，與文章主旨一致。A選項(xiàng)是批評(píng)者的觀點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)與文章提出的扶持小企業(yè)策略相悖；D選項(xiàng)是另一種策略，文章并未說(shuō)它是唯一或最佳；E選項(xiàng)與文章提出的減少對(duì)外部依賴的目標(biāo)相悖。8.(C)思路：文章結(jié)構(gòu)是先提出問(wèn)題（農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)困境），然后提出核心解決方案（扶持本地創(chuàng)業(yè)），接著解釋方案優(yōu)點(diǎn)，再提出批評(píng)意見(jiàn)，最后總結(jié)。這種“提出問(wèn)題-給出方案-解釋論證-提及反對(duì)-總結(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，最符合“Arguefortheeffectivenessoffosteringlocalentrepreneurship”（論證扶持本地創(chuàng)業(yè)的有效性）的目的。A選項(xiàng)只是文章提到的一個(gè)方面；B選項(xiàng)是對(duì)比不同策略；D選項(xiàng)是背景介紹；E選項(xiàng)是另一種策略的描述。9.(B)思路：文章前兩句指出“alteredthelandscapeofpoliticaldiscourse”（改變了政治話語(yǔ)的格局），接著用“Ononehand...Ontheotherhand...”對(duì)比了社交媒體帶來(lái)的兩方面影響：一方面是積極的（democratizedthepoliticalprocess），另一方面是消極的（facilitatedthespreadofmisinformationandtheformationofechochambers）。這種對(duì)比中存在的矛盾和挑戰(zhàn)，即如何在促進(jìn)參與的同時(shí)處理虛假信息和回聲室效應(yīng)，構(gòu)成了文章的核心張力。B選項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)確概括了這種積極參與與負(fù)面后果并存的矛盾。10.(C)思路：文章明確提到“ithasalsofacilitatedthespreadofmisinformationandtheformationofechochambers”，即社交媒體也促進(jìn)了虛假信息的傳播和回聲室的形成。這是文章指出的一個(gè)負(fù)面影響。C選項(xiàng)與原文表述一致。11.(C)思路：文章第一段提到“socialmediahasdemocratizedthepoliticalprocessbyallowingordinarycitizenstovoicetheiropinionsandengageindirectdialoguewithpoliticalfigures”，即社交媒體通過(guò)允許普通公民發(fā)表意見(jiàn)和與政治人物直接對(duì)話，使政治過(guò)程民主化。C選項(xiàng)與原文意思相符。12.(B)思路：根據(jù)上下文，“democratizedthepoliticalprocess”意味著讓更多的人能夠參與政治過(guò)程，享有更多發(fā)言和表達(dá)意見(jiàn)的權(quán)利，使得政治參與更加平等。B選項(xiàng)“Equalized”（使平等）與這種意義上賦予更多人權(quán)利和機(jī)會(huì)的含義最為接近。A選項(xiàng)“Restricted”（限制）與文意相反；C選項(xiàng)“Centralized”（集中化）、D選項(xiàng)“Commercialized”（商業(yè)化）和E選項(xiàng)“Regulated”（監(jiān)管）均不符合文意。13.(D)思路：文章提到“analystsarguethattheseechochamberscanpolarizesociety”，即分析師認(rèn)為回聲室會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)兩極分化。這句話的目的在于進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)社交媒體可能帶來(lái)的負(fù)面后果（社會(huì)極化），從而加強(qiáng)文章對(duì)于社交媒體潛在危害的論述。D選項(xiàng)“emphasizethepotentialnegativeconsequencesofsocialmedia”準(zhǔn)確概括了其作用。14.(C)思路：文章提到社交媒體讓“ordinarycitizenstovoicetheiropinionsandengageindirectdialoguewithpoliticalfigures”，即提供了普通公民直接參與政治對(duì)話的機(jī)會(huì)。這暗示了在社交媒體出現(xiàn)之前，普通公民直接與政治人物對(duì)話的機(jī)會(huì)可能較少。C選項(xiàng)“Itlackedopportunitiesfordirectcitizenengagement”（缺乏普通公民直接參與對(duì)話的機(jī)會(huì)）與原文暗示的意思相符。15.(D)思路：文章雖然也提到了負(fù)面影響，但整體結(jié)構(gòu)是在指出社交媒體的積極變化（如民主化）的同時(shí)，也指出了其消極變化（如虛假信息、回聲室），最后總結(jié)其潛在好處與壞處并存。一個(gè)相信社交媒體積極潛力的人，會(huì)認(rèn)為其潛在的好處（如D選項(xiàng)所述）大于壞處。A選項(xiàng)是文章提到的現(xiàn)象，但不是相信其潛力的角度；B選項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容相反；C選項(xiàng)是應(yīng)對(duì)負(fù)面影響的措施，而非對(duì)潛力的判斷；E選項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容相反。16.(B)思路：文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是先指出社交媒體改變了政治話語(yǔ)格局，然后分別闡述其積極方面（民主化）和消極方面（虛假信息、回聲室），最后總結(jié)其利弊。這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要是為了全面描述社交媒體對(duì)政治話語(yǔ)的影響，包括其帶來(lái)的變化和產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題。B選項(xiàng)“Describetheimpactofsocialmediaonpoliticalcommunication”（描述社交媒體對(duì)政治溝通的影響）最符合文章結(jié)構(gòu)和主旨。17.(C)思路：文章首句指出“Climatechangeiscausingsignificantalterationsinglobalweatherpatterns,withprofoundimplicationsforecosystemsandhumansocieties”，即氣候變化正導(dǎo)致全球天氣模式的重大改變，并對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類社會(huì)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。接下來(lái)的段落具體闡述了這些改變的表現(xiàn)（meltingicecaps,risingsealevels,extremeweatherevents）及其后果（threattocoastalcommunities,disruptionofagriculture,lossoflife）。最后一句預(yù)測(cè)了未來(lái)趨勢(shì)和需要采取的行動(dòng)。整篇文章圍繞氣候變化帶來(lái)的各種影響展開(kāi)，C選項(xiàng)“Climatechangeiscausingsignificantalterationsinglobalweatherpatternswithfar-reachingconsequences”（氣候變化正導(dǎo)致全球天氣模式的重大改變，帶來(lái)深遠(yuǎn)影響）最準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章主旨。18.(D)思路：文章第一段明確提到“themeltingofpolaricecapsandglaciers,whichcontributestorisingsealevels”，即冰川融化導(dǎo)致海平面上升。D選項(xiàng)與原文表述一致。19.(C)思路：文章第一段提到“changesintemperatureandprecipitationpatternsareleadingtomorefrequentandsevereweatherevents,suchashurricanes,droughts,andheatwaves”，即溫度和降水模式的變化導(dǎo)致了更頻繁和更嚴(yán)重的天氣事件。C選項(xiàng)與原文意思相符。20.(C)思路：根據(jù)上下文，“profoundimplications”指的是氣候變化帶來(lái)的影響是深刻而重要的。C選項(xiàng)“Significant”（重大的）與“profound”在意義上一致，都表示程度深、重要性大。A選項(xiàng)“Shallow”（膚淺的）、B選項(xiàng)“Temporary”（暫時(shí)的）、D選項(xiàng)“Localized”（局部的）和E選項(xiàng)“Gradual”（漸進(jìn)的）均不符合文意。21.(A)思路：文章最后一句提到“requiringurgentandcoordinatedglobalactiontomitigateitseffectsandadapttothechangingenvironment”，即需要緊急和協(xié)調(diào)的全球行動(dòng)來(lái)減輕其影響和適應(yīng)變化的環(huán)境。這句話是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)氣候變化問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性和緊迫性，為前面描述的各種負(fù)面影響提供論據(jù)，說(shuō)明必須采取行動(dòng)。A選項(xiàng)“Toemphasizetheseverityoftheconsequencesofclimatechange”（強(qiáng)調(diào)氣候變化后果的嚴(yán)重性）準(zhǔn)確概括了其作用。22.(C)思路：文章提到了氣候變化對(duì)“ecosystemsandhumansocieties”（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類社會(huì)）的影響，如海平面上升、極端天氣事件等。這表明影響范圍是廣泛的，涵蓋了自然和人兩個(gè)層面。A選項(xiàng)“primarilylimitedtopolarregions”（主要局限于極地地區(qū)）與文章內(nèi)容不符；B選項(xiàng)“easilyreversible”（容易逆轉(zhuǎn)）與文章強(qiáng)調(diào)的“urgentaction”和“ifcurrenttrendscon