小升初階段是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法體系構(gòu)建的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，一般過(guò)去時(shí)作為描述過(guò)去事件、經(jīng)歷的核心語(yǔ)法，既是小學(xué)階段的重點(diǎn)，也是初中語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的重要銜接點(diǎn)。掌握過(guò)去時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)、用法及語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用，能有效提升英語(yǔ)敘事表達(dá)能力，為后續(xù)時(shí)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)（如過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）筑牢基礎(chǔ)。本文將從知識(shí)梳理、題型突破、學(xué)習(xí)策略三方面，助力同學(xué)們系統(tǒng)攻克一般過(guò)去時(shí)。一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)知識(shí)精要1.定義與核心場(chǎng)景表示過(guò)去某個(gè)具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)，或過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的行為。例1：IvisitedmygrandparentslastSunday.（過(guò)去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作）例2：Shewashappyyesterdaybecauseofthegift.（過(guò)去的狀態(tài)）例3：Heoftenplayedbasketballafterschoolwhenhewasakid.（過(guò)去的習(xí)慣）2.結(jié)構(gòu)分類含be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)：主語(yǔ)+was/were+其他單數(shù)主語(yǔ)（I/he/she/it）用was，復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)（we/you/they）用were。例：Iwasathomeyesterday./Theywereintheparklastweek.含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：詞尾加-ed（如play→played；以e結(jié)尾加-d，如live→lived；輔元輔結(jié)構(gòu)雙寫(xiě)尾字母加-ed，如stop→stopped；輔音加y結(jié)尾變y為i加-ed，如study→studied）。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：需特殊記憶（如go→went；see→saw；do→did；have→had）。3.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞（語(yǔ)境判斷的關(guān)鍵）yesterday（昨天）、last+時(shí)間（lastnight/week/month/year）、ago（…ago，如twodaysago）、justnow（剛才）、when引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句（WhenIwasfive,Ilearnedtoswim.）、inthepast（在過(guò)去）。二、專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題型突破（一）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式拼寫(xiě)與應(yīng)用1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變形（根據(jù)規(guī)則寫(xiě)出過(guò)去式）練習(xí)1：將下列動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式①play______②live______③stop______④study______⑤watch______練習(xí)2：用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式填空①She______(clean)herroomyesterdaymorning.②They______(plan)atriptoBeijinglastmonth.2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞辨析（選擇或填寫(xiě)正確過(guò)去式）練習(xí)3：選出括號(hào)內(nèi)正確的單詞①He______(go/went)toschoolonfootthismorning.②We______(see/saw)afilmyesterdayevening.練習(xí)4：根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式①do→______②have→______③take→______④eat→______（二）句型轉(zhuǎn)換（以“實(shí)義動(dòng)詞句”和“be動(dòng)詞句”為例）1.肯定句變否定句規(guī)則：be動(dòng)詞句在was/were后加not；實(shí)義動(dòng)詞句加didn’t，動(dòng)詞還原為原形。例題：Hewaslateforschool.→Hewasn’tlateforschool.Sheplayedfootballafterschool.→Shedidn’tplayfootballafterschool.練習(xí)5：將下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň洧買(mǎi)wasatthelibraryyesterday.→____________________②Theyvisitedtheirteacherlastweek.→____________________2.肯定句變一般疑問(wèn)句規(guī)則：be動(dòng)詞句將was/were提前；實(shí)義動(dòng)詞句加Did，動(dòng)詞還原，句末變問(wèn)號(hào)。例題：Shewashappy.→Wasshehappy?Heplayedbasketball.→Didheplaybasketball?練習(xí)6：變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句并作肯定/否定回答①Theboyswereintheclassroom.→____________________肯定回答：______否定回答：______②Lisacleanedherdesk.→____________________肯定回答：______否定回答：______3.對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)（特殊疑問(wèn)）規(guī)則：確定疑問(wèn)詞（時(shí)間用when，地點(diǎn)用where，動(dòng)作/事物用what等），后接一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)。例題：Iwenttoschoolbybikeyesterday.→Howdidyougotoschoolyesterday?Shewashappybecauseofthegift.→Whywasshehappy?練習(xí)7：對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)①Theyplayedfootballontheplayground.→____________________②Hewasathomelastnight.→____________________（三）閱讀理解（語(yǔ)境中理解過(guò)去時(shí)）閱讀短文，回答問(wèn)題（短文用過(guò)去時(shí)撰寫(xiě)，貼近小升初生活場(chǎng)景）：短文：LastSunday,Tomandhisfamilyhadaniceday.Inthemorning,theygotupearlyandhadbreakfast.Thentheywenttothepark.Tomflewakitewithhissister.Hisparentswalkedaroundandtooksomephotos.Intheafternoon,theyvisitedTom’sgrandparents.Theyhadabigdinnertogether.Tomwastiredbuthappythatday.問(wèn)題：1.WhatdidTomdointhepark?2.WhodidTomvisitintheafternoon?3.HowdidTomfeellastSunday?（四）寫(xiě)作應(yīng)用（用過(guò)去時(shí)描述經(jīng)歷）提示：以“MyLastWeekend”為題，寫(xiě)一篇短文，描述你上周末的活動(dòng)，至少使用5個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞。要求：語(yǔ)句通順，邏輯清晰，50詞左右。示例：MyLastWeekendLastweekend,Iwasbusybuthappy.OnSaturdaymorning,Icleanedmyroom.ThenIdidmyhomework.Intheafternoon,Iplayedfootballwithmyfriends.OnSunday,Ivisitedmygrandparentsandhelpedthemwatertheflowers.Ihadagreattime!你的作文：____________________三、高效學(xué)習(xí)策略1.語(yǔ)感培養(yǎng)：每天朗讀5-10個(gè)含過(guò)去時(shí)的句子（如教材課文、優(yōu)秀范文），模仿語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)，強(qiáng)化“過(guò)去時(shí)間+過(guò)去動(dòng)作”的語(yǔ)境感知。2.動(dòng)詞表整理：制作“規(guī)則/不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式”手賬，按“動(dòng)詞原形-過(guò)去式-例句”分類記錄（如：play-played-Iplayedchessyesterday.；go-went-Wewenttothezoolastweek.）。3.生活場(chǎng)景運(yùn)用：每天用過(guò)去時(shí)描述“昨天做了什么”（如：Yesterday,Igotupat7,atebreadforbreakfast,andwalkedtoschool.），將語(yǔ)法融入日常表達(dá)。4.錯(cuò)題復(fù)盤(pán)：整理練習(xí)中的錯(cuò)誤（如動(dòng)詞變形錯(cuò)誤、句型轉(zhuǎn)換遺漏），標(biāo)注原因（如“不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞記錯(cuò)”“否定句助動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞未還原”），定期復(fù)習(xí)。答案（自查用）（一）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式拼寫(xiě)與應(yīng)用練習(xí)1：①played②lived③stopped④studied⑤watched練習(xí)2：①cleaned②planned練習(xí)3：①went②saw練習(xí)4：①did②had③took④ate（二）句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)5：①I(mǎi)wasn’tatthelibraryyesterday.②Theydidn’tvisittheirteacherlastweek.練習(xí)6：①Weretheboysintheclassroom?肯定：Yes,theywere.否定：No,theyweren’t.②DidLisacleanherdesk?肯定：Yes,shedid.否定：No,shedidn’t.練習(xí)7：①Wheredidtheyplayfootball?②Whenwasheathome?（三）閱讀理解1.Heflewakitewithhissister.2.Hevisitedhisgrandparents.3.Hewastiredbuthappy.（四）寫(xiě)作應(yīng)用（示例僅供參考，合理即可）MyLastWeekendLastweekend,Ihadawonderfultime.OnSaturday,Igotupearlyandreadaboo