高中英語語法被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題被動(dòng)語態(tài)是高中英語語法的核心考點(diǎn)，它貫穿單選、完形、寫作等題型，更是理解長難句、分析閱讀文本的關(guān)鍵工具。掌握“be+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)變形、時(shí)態(tài)匹配及特殊用法，能讓你的語言表達(dá)更精準(zhǔn)、邏輯更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。本文通過分層訓(xùn)練，結(jié)合典型例題與技巧總結(jié)，幫你突破被動(dòng)語態(tài)的重難點(diǎn)。一、單句語法填空：時(shí)態(tài)與結(jié)構(gòu)的精準(zhǔn)辨析單句填空聚焦被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化與特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，需結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語、語境邏輯判斷be動(dòng)詞的形式，同時(shí)注意“getdone”“needdoing”等特殊表達(dá)。例題解析2.*Look!Theproblem________(discuss)bythegroupnow.*“Look!”“now”暗示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，問題“被討論”，主語“problem”為單數(shù)，故用“isbeing+過去分詞”，填isbeingdiscussed。3.*Theflowersinthegardenneed________(water).*“needdoing”是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表“需要被……”（相當(dāng)于“needtobedone”），故填watering（或tobewatered）。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（10道）1.Thebook________(write)byafamousauthorinthe19thcentury.2.Anewbridge________(build)overtheriveratthemoment.3.Thework________(finish)bytheendoflastweek.4.Theseproblems________(solve)assoonaspossible.5.Thebaby________(take)goodcareofbyhisgrandmothereveryday.6.Theclassroom________(clean)whentheteachercamein.7.Themachine________(can,repair)intwodays.8.Yourhomework________(must,hand)inbefore5o'clock.9.Thewindow________(get)brokenyesterday.10.Thearticle________(translate)intoseverallanguagessinceitwaspublished.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的邏輯重構(gòu)主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的核心是“賓語變主語，謂語變被動(dòng)，主語變by短語（必要時(shí)省略）”，需特別注意雙賓語（如givesbsth）、復(fù)合賓語（如seesbdo）的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則。例題解析1.*PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.*→*English________allovertheworld.*主動(dòng)句賓語“English”變主語，謂語“speak”變被動(dòng)“isspoken”，主語“people”可省略（或用“bypeople”），故填isspoken(bypeople)。2.*Mymothergavemeanewbike.*→*I________anewbike(bymymother)./Anewbike________(tome)bymymother.*雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：間接賓語“I”變主語時(shí)，用“sbbegivensth”；直接賓語“anewbike”變主語時(shí)，用“sthbegiventosb”。故第一空填wasgiven，第二空填wasgiven(tome)。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（5道）1.Theywillpublishtheresultsnextweek.→Theresults________nextweek.2.Theteachertoldusastoryyesterday.→We________astory(bytheteacher)yesterday./Astory________(tous)bytheteacheryesterday.3.Weshouldplantmoretrees.→Moretrees________.4.Thebossmadehimwork12hoursaday.→He________12hoursaday(bytheboss).5.IsawTomentertheroomjustnow.→Tom________theroom(byme)justnow.三、短文改錯(cuò)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的“排雷”訓(xùn)練短文改錯(cuò)中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤常藏在時(shí)態(tài)混亂（be動(dòng)詞形式錯(cuò)）、結(jié)構(gòu)殘缺（漏be或過去分詞錯(cuò)）、主謂不一致等細(xì)節(jié)里。需逐句分析“誰被做了什么”，驗(yàn)證結(jié)構(gòu)合理性。例題解析（短文節(jié)選）*Lastweek,asportsmeetingheldinourschool.Allthestudentswereexcited.Thesportsfieldwasdecoratingwithcolorfulflags.Manyeventswereorganize,suchasrunning,jumpingandballgames.Theresultswillbeannouncesoon.*第一句：“asportsmeetingheld”→缺少be動(dòng)詞（被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)），結(jié)合“l(fā)astweek”用一般過去時(shí)，故held前加was。第三句：“wasdecorating”→被動(dòng)語態(tài)需用“be+過去分詞”，“decorate”的過去分詞是“decorated”，故改為wasdecorated。第四句：“wereorganize”→過去分詞錯(cuò)誤，“organize”的過去分詞是“organized”，故改為wereorganized。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（短文改錯(cuò)，找5處錯(cuò)誤）*Yesterday,anEnglishplayperforminourschoolhall.Theactorsandactressesweredressbeautifully.Theplaywasbaseonafamousnovel.Manystudentswereattractbythewonderfulperformance.Aftertheplay,somephotosweretakewiththeactors.*四、閱讀理解：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的語境解碼閱讀中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用來強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者或使表達(dá)更客觀（如科技文、新聞報(bào)道）。需結(jié)合語境理解“誰被做了什么”，并挖掘隱含信息（如動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者、時(shí)間、目的）。例題解析（閱讀節(jié)選）*Theoldcastlewasbuiltinthe13thcenturybythelocalking.Itwasdestroyedinawarinthe16thcenturyandwasrebuiltinthe18thcentury.Nowitisvisitedbythousandsoftouristseveryyear.*問題：*Whenwastheoldcastlerebuilt?*定位“wasrebuiltinthe18thcentury”，答案：Inthe18thcentury。問題：*Whobuilttheoldcastle?*定位“wasbuilt...bythelocalking”，答案：Thelocalking。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（閱讀片段+問題）1.Whatisbeingdonetothenewlibrary?3.Whowillthelibrarybeopento?技巧總結(jié)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的“通關(guān)密鑰”1.時(shí)態(tài)判斷：根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語（如*nextmonth*/*yesterday*）、上下文邏輯（如“now”“bynow”）確定be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（如一般將來時(shí)用“willbe”，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用“isbeing”）。2.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：*情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞*（如*canberepaired*）?！癵etdone”：表被動(dòng)，常表意外/狀態(tài)變化（如*gethurt*/*getlost*）。感官/使役動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)：*seesbdo*→*sbbeseentodo*（如*Hewas