Unit4HistoryandTraditionsWordsandExpressions人教版2019必修第二冊寫準并記牢拓展詞匯—我會變1．individualadj.單獨的；個別的

n．個人→______________adv.分別地；

單獨地；個別地2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高級別的

n．(公司或機構的)首領；酋長→_________adv.主要地；

首要地3．puzzlen．謎；智力游戲；疑問

vt.迷惑；使困惑→_________adj.迷惑的→__________adj.令人迷惑的

individually

chiefly

puzzled

puzzling

寫準并記牢4．belongvi.應在(某處)；適應→____________n．財產(chǎn)，所有物；行李5．defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)→________vt.防護；防衛(wèi)6．legaladj.法律的；合法的→_________adv.合法地→___________adv.違法地；非法地→_________adj.非法的7．surroundvt.圍繞；包圍→_____________adj.周圍的→______________n．環(huán)境8．evidencen．證據(jù)；證明→_________adj.明顯的

belongings

defend

legally

illegally

illegal

surrounding

surroundings

evident

寫準并記牢9．a(chǎn)chievementn．成就；成績；達到→_________vt.完成；達到10．locationn．地方；地點；位置→_________adj.位于→________vt.使坐落于vi.定位；定居11．a(chǎn)nnouncevt.宣布；通知；聲稱→______________n．聲明；宣告→___________n．廣播員，告知者12．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的→____________adv.慷慨地；寬大地；豐盛地→____________n．慷慨

achieve

located

locate

announcement

announcer

generously

generosity

puzzle

n.謎；難題vt.迷惑；使困惑

puzzleover/about 仔細琢磨；冥思苦想bepuzzledabout...

對......迷惑不解的beinapuzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好beapuzzletosb. .......對某人來說是個謎派生puzzlementn.迷惑；困惑

puzzledadj.感到迷惑的

puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的【佳句背誦】Whatpuzzlesmemostiswhyhisbooksaresopopular.

表示音容笑貌要用ed形式：voice/look/expression/scream/smile/tears[即學即練]——單句語法填空①

Youmusthavebeentroubledbywhentosay“Iloveyou”becauseitisoneofthegreatest___________(puzzle)inourlife．②

Thesescientistshavebeenpuzzling___________howtosolvetheenvironmentalproblem．③

The__________lookonherfacesuggestedshewas_________overthe___________mathsproblem.(puzzle)她臉上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那個令人困惑的數(shù)學題。puzzlesabout/overpuzzledpuzzlingpuzzlingjoin…to…

把……和……連接或聯(lián)結起來connect...to/with/and...把……與……連接起來（具體含義）joinin參加；加入joinsb.indoingsth.和某人一起做某事jointadj.聯(lián)合的；共同的joinAto/andB把…和…連接或者聯(lián)結起來

=connectAwith/to/andBjointhearmy/theleague/theparty

參軍，入團、入黨joinin=takepartin=participatein=be

involved

in

=engagein參加

【佳句背誦】Youshouldneverjoinanelectricwiretoawaterpipe.你千萬不可把電線連接在水管上。[建議信]joinsb加入某人joinsbindoingsth和某人一起做某事1)Everyindividualor

group

is

joined

______

the

world

by

the

Internet.2)Intheeveningtherewereabarbecue,withthewholevillage_______(join)inthefun.jointadj.共同的；聯(lián)合的n.接合處；關節(jié)

jointefforts共同努力

tojoining短語:joinhandswithsb=makejointeffortsadj.joint聯(lián)合的；共同的adv.

jointly:callonthemassestojointlypreservewildlife①Theisland

(join)tothemainlandbyabridge.②Theisland____________(join)tothemainlandbyabridgeisnolongercutofffromtheoutsideworld.③ItwasEmperorQinshihuangwhohadthewalls________(join).④Theeventwas____________(joint)organizedbythegovernmentandtheschool.isjoinedjoinedjoinedjointlyhave（使役動詞）+賓語+賓補[即學即練]——單句語法填空breakaway(fromsb./sth.)

脫離；背叛；逃脫breakinto強行闖入；忽然開始(大笑、唱歌、歡呼等)breakin強行進入；打斷；插嘴breakout(戰(zhàn)爭等)突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)breakup分解；分手breakdown發(fā)生故障breakthrough 取得突破;克服【佳句背誦】Toimproveyourstudy，youshouldfirstbreakawayfromyourbadstudyhabits.為了改善你的學習，你首先應該改掉你學習上的壞習慣。[即學即練]——用break的相關短語填空①

Ifyougoonworkinglikethat,youwill________________soonerorlater.②

Afire______________inthishotellastnightandthreepeoplewerekilled.③

Withsomanyproblemsunsettled,afewcountrieswantedto__________________theUnion.④Inmyopinion,marriagebasedonmoneyislikelyto______________.breakdownbrokeoutbreakawayfrombreakupbelong

[b??l??]vi.應在(某處)；適應belongingn.歸屬belongingsn.所有物；財產(chǎn)(possessions)belongto屬于（to是介詞,無被動語態(tài),無進行時態(tài)）asenseofbelonging歸屬感常見不用于被動語態(tài)的短語：breakout,takeplace,happento,sufferfrom,agreewith,datebackto,takepartin,walkinto,arrivein/at,comeup,fallasleep,succeedin等。【佳句背誦】Theteacherkeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuturebelongs

tothewell-educated.老師不斷告訴他的學生未來屬于接受了良好教育的人。[人物介紹]一、在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Thehousebelongs______myauntbutshedoesn’tlivehereanymore.2.Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoples___________

(belong)totwomajorlanguagegroups.

3.Thetaxidriveroftenremindspassengerstotaketheir___________

(belong)whentheyleavethecar.

二、根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，完成下列句子。1.WhenIwasaboy,I_______________(是……的成員)theBoyScouts

(童子軍),soIusedtogocampingeverysummer.2.Inotherwords,gossip(閑聊)issatisfyingbecauseitgivespeople________________________

(歸屬感).(2016浙江)tobelongingbelongingsbelongedtoasenseofbelonging[即學即練]aswellas

同(一樣也);和;還就遠原則：aswellas連接兩個并列的主語時,謂語動詞應當與aswellas前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致有相同用法的還有:with,alongwith,togetherwith,besides,like,ratherthan,withoutexcept,including,but,inadditionto等。aswell也;又;還（相當于too，用于句尾）may/mightaswelldosth倒不如做某事;不妨做某事就近原則:1.therebe有2.neither…nor既不……也不……3.either…or不是……就是……；要么……要么……4.notonly…butalso不但……而且……5.not…but不是……而是……1.Tearswelledupinhereyes,andherheartseemedtobetorn____well.2.Theteacheraswellashisstudents_________(go)toplanttreestomorrow.3.

He'smodest,aswellas_______(be)agreatplayer.

asisgoingbeing4.

Ifyoudonotlikeswimming,you__________gojogging.如果不喜歡游泳,你不妨慢跑。5.Theyareacoupleintherealworld_________inthemovie.他們在電影和現(xiàn)實生活中都是一對夫婦。mayaswellaswellas[即學即練]——單句語法填空/補全句子①defencen.捍衛(wèi)indefenceof為……辯護；捍衛(wèi)，保衛(wèi)inone’sdefence站在某人一邊；為某人辯護②defendvt.保護；保衛(wèi)defend...from/against...保護……免受傷害；保衛(wèi)

defence

[d??fens]n.防御；保衛(wèi)defendvt.保護；保衛(wèi)defendantn.被告；adj.辯護的defendern.防衛(wèi)者；辯護者defensiveadj.防御的【佳句背誦】Whatpointscanberaisedin

defence

ofthisargument?有什么論點能提出來為這個說法辯護呢?[提出質疑]①Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrained_____________(defend)themselvesagainstsomeattacks.②Manymedicalexpertsareworkinghardin________(defend)ofpeople'shealth.③Whenadogattackedme，Ipickedupasticktodefend_________(I).todefenddefencemyself[即學即練]——單句語法填空surround

[s??ra?nd]vt.圍繞；包圍surroundingadj.周圍的；附近的surroundingsn.環(huán)境besurroundedby/with...被……包圍surroundsth.withsth.用…包圍…【佳句背誦】Aboutfivemilesfromdowntown,thegreenvillageis

surrounded

bygreenfieldsandthickforests.距離市中心大約5英里,這個綠色村莊被綠色的田野和茂密的森林所包圍。[景點描寫]在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Somelightshowershavebeenforecast

(預報)sincelastmonth,butallofthemhavebeeneffectivein____________(surround)areas.

(2017全國)2.Iwalkinthedoorandseeabrownsofa______________(surround)alowglass-topwoodentable.

3.WhenIheadedtowardthecenter,Ifoundmyself______________(surround)bybuildingsthatmirrorthebestpalacesofEurope.

4.BillGateshashistoricallysurroundedhimself______________smartpeople,andhe’sfamouslythirstyforknowledge.surroundingsurroundingsurroundedwith[即學即練]——單句語法填空①

_____________(surround)bytheforest,thevillagelooksverybeautiful.②

Livinginbeautifulandcomfortable______________(surround),wefeelveryhappy.③

Theyallwentouttolookforthelostchildinthe______________(surround)villages.Surroundedsurroundingssurroundingevidence[U]n.證據(jù)；證明

[即學即練]——單句語法填空

1.

All

the

scientific

evidence

_________(show)

thattheincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming_______(be)damagingourhealth.2.________________________(有證據(jù)表明）theshipsankinabombattack.

3.________________________(很明顯）thatthemanishighlythoughtofinthecompany.showsisThereisevidencethatItisevidentThereissome/noevidencethat...

(沒)有證據(jù)證明……inevidence顯眼；顯而易見It'sevidentthat...很明顯……achievevt.完成；達到achievableadj.可達到的；可實現(xiàn)的achievern.成功者asenseofachievement成就感makeanachievement(indoingsth)(在某方面)取得成就achieveone’sgoal實現(xiàn)某人的目標achievement

[??t?i:vm?nt]n.成就；成績；達到1.Handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeel___________(成就感).

2.Man’sfirstwalkonthemoonwas__________________________(一項偉大的科技成就).3.Inthelastfewyears,Chinahas______________________(取得重大成就)inenvironmentalprotection.asenseofachievementagreattechnologicalachievementmadegreatachievements[即學即練]——完成句子locatevt.確定…的準確位置locatedadj.坐落在…,位于…belocatedin/on/at坐落于，位于=besituatedin=liein位于location[l???ke??n]n.地方；地點；位置1.________（locate）wheretheBeltmeetstheRoad，JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.2.MountHuang___________（位于）AnhuiProvince.3.Itisasuitable

foranewairport.Locatedislocatedinlocation

[即學即練]——單句語法填空charge

[t?ɑrd?]n.收費;指控;主管；vt.收費;控告;充電freeofcharge(=forfree)免費charge(sb)for...（向）收...的費用takechargeof…負責;主管beinchargeof…負責…;主管…beinthechargeof…由…負責/主管v.n.收費，要價chargesbwith(doing)sth…指控某人做某事v.n控告，指控n.掌管，負責易錯辨析

(1)inchargeofsth.：“(某人)負責,掌管”,表示主動;Iwas___________thecompany

(2)inthechargeofsb./in

sb.'scharge：“(某事)由某人負責”表被動類似短語有:

inpossessionof意為“占有”,表示主動;

[p??ze?n]

inthepossessionof意

為“被……占有”,表示被動

incontrolof意為“管理,控制”,表示主動;

inthecontrolof意為“由……管理/控制”,表示被動inchargeof

inthechargeof

Thecompanywas_______________me.Thecompanywasinmycharge.1.Wecanarrangethisforasmall______.

_________2.Beforeuse,thebatterymustbe_________.

________

3.

Thecompanyusedtobeinhisdirect________.______

4.Theyhavetheevidence_________him.

_____________charge要價，收費充電charge主管tochargecharged指控，起訴

[即學即練]——補全句子

5.Wewon't_________________delivery.我們送貨不收費。

6.She_________________drivingundertheinfluence.她被控酒后駕駛。7.Theleafletisavailable______________frompostoffices.宣傳單可以到郵局免費領取。chargeyoufor

waschargedwith

freeofcharge[即學即練]——一詞多義(1)

announcesthtosb=announcetosbsth向某人宣布某事announcethat...宣布......;通知......=Itis/wasannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布......(2)makeanannouncement宣布；下通知announce

[??na?ns]vt.宣布；通知；聲稱announcern.播音員；廣播員announcementn.通告；宣告一、空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Aftergraduatingfromuniversityin1932,Reagangotajobasaradiosports___________(announce).2.The_______________(announce)wasgreetedenthusiastically.二、根據(jù)所給漢語完成下列句子。1.Silence,please.MrWhteisaboutto_______________________(宣布通知).2.Hesaidtheluckywoman____________________________(將在網(wǎng)上公布)andthetripwillbesharedonline.(2017全國)announcerannouncementmakeanannouncementwillbeannouncedonthewebsite[即學即練]amountn.金額;數(shù)量（1）大量;許多（+不可數(shù)n）alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)largeamountsof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語用復數(shù)即作主語時謂語動詞的單復數(shù)與amount的單復數(shù)有關，與of后面的名詞無關（2）amountto合計，等于，相當于Hisearningsaresaidtoamountto￡300000perannum.據(jù)說他每年的酬金高達30萬英鎊。（3）theamountof......的數(shù)量（做主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)）(1)

agreatdealof,

只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞；(2)

alargenumberof

只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)；(3)

alotof,plentyof

,

alargequantityof既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。表示“大量的”的短語還有：alargenumberof,

agreatdealof,

plentyof,

alotof[即學即練]——單句語法填空1.Asmallamountofthispaint_______(go)alongway.2.Theserverisdesignedtostorehuge_______(amount)ofdata.3.Thetotalcollectionlastweekamounted______￡250.4.Theamountoffuelthatthiscaruses____(be)abigstrikeagainstit.goesamounts

to

①

一句多譯:一大筆錢已捐給了當?shù)氐膶W校。__________________moneyhasbeendonatedtothelocalschool.__________________moneyhavebeendonatedtothelocalschool.AlargeamountofisLargeamountsofapproach

[??pr??t?]n.方法;接近；vt.接近;接洽；vi.靠近approachableadj.可接近的；友好的theapproachto(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法/途徑approachtheproblem處理問題approachsb.aboutsth.與某人商量某事withtheapproachof=with+n.+approaching隨著…臨近春天即將來臨。Springisapproaching.4.一句多譯:隨著這重大日子的臨近她心情越來越緊張。__________________________,shegrewmoreandmorenervous.__________________________,shegrewmoreandmorenervous.__________________________,shegrewmoreandmorenervous.[即學即練]——一詞多義

1.AsI___________thehouse,Inoticedalightonupstairs.__________2.Inmyview，thebest__________toworkingoutistogojoggingeveryday._____________3.TheBankhas__________theissueinapracticalway._______

approachedAsthegreatdayapproached

approachapproachedAttheapproachofthegreatday

走近;靠近方法;途徑著手處理Withthegreatdayapproaching

generous['d?en?r?s]adj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的

generosityn.慷慨；大方；寬宏大量generouslyadv.慷慨地；大方地①begenerous

②Itisgenerousofsb.todosth.tosb.對某人很慷慨withsth.in(doing)sth.在某方面很慷慨樂于做某事某人做某事真是慷慨①Sheherselflivedasimpleorratherpoorlifebutshewassogenerous________thepeopleinneedofhelp.②Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshow__________(generous)andsympathy.③他因慷慨解囊而得到好名聲。Hegotafinefamefor_________________________hismoneytohelpothers.to

generosity

beinggenerouswith

[即學即練]——單句語法填空beeagerfor...急于得到……=longforsthbeeagertodosth渴望做某事=longtodosthbeeagerthat...熱切希望……(從句謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略)eager

[?i:g?]adj.熱切的;渴望的eagerlyadv.急切地;渴望eagernessn.渴望渴望做某事

beeagerfor/todosthbeanxiousfor/todosthbedyingfor/todosthbedesperatefor/todosthbehungry/thirstyfor/todosthhaveadesireforlongfor/todosth[即學即練]——單句語法填空

1.Everyoneintheclassseemedeager________(learn).2.Welistened________(eager),forhebroughtnewsofourfa