NaturalDisastersDiscoveringusefulstrcturesDescribepicturesofdisastersTolearnthestructureof

the

attributiveclause.To

knowhowtojudgethe

attributiveclause.Tomastertheusage

oftheattributiveclause.LearningObjectives1、什么是定語2、英語中可以作定語的有哪些3、定語在中文和英文中的位置4、什么是定語從句5、定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)6、定語從句的重要成分Whatshouldyouknowaboutthe

attributiveclause?什么是定語？

定語類型位置核心功能簡單例句1.形容詞名詞前描述特征、性質(zhì)a

beautiful

garden2.名詞/所有格名詞前說明類別、材料、所屬a

stone

bridge,

Tom's

bike3.代詞名詞前指示、限定this

book,

my

pen4.數(shù)詞名詞前說明數(shù)量、順序two

apples,

thefirst

day5.介詞短語名詞后提供地點、時間、方式等詳細信息thebook

onthedesk6.分詞/分詞短語名前后表示主動/被動、進行/完成狀態(tài)a

sleeping

baby,theman

standingthere7.不定式名詞后表示未來、目的、待完成alotofwork

todo9.副詞名詞后簡要說明地點、時間theday

before10.形容詞短語名詞后用短語描述性質(zhì)aproblem

difficulttosolve11.修飾復(fù)合詞復(fù)合詞后修飾不定代詞/副詞something

important定語：起修飾、限定、說明

名詞和代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的一類成分定語從句起修飾限定作用的句子。在句中起定語作用，修飾某一名詞或代詞，或修飾整個主句的從句，叫做定語從句。結(jié)構(gòu)：主句（先行詞）+關(guān)系詞+從句先行詞：被修飾限定的那個人/物關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句詞即為關(guān)系詞。把定語從句想象成一個“形容詞”，那么它修飾的那個“名詞”就是先行詞。其中最關(guān)鍵的是要理解邏輯，而不僅僅是位置。先行詞怎么選？技巧1：緊鄰原則（大多數(shù)情況）在大多數(shù)情況下，先行詞直接位于關(guān)系詞之前。例句1:

The

man

whoisspeakingisourmanager.技巧2：意義判斷原則（解決干擾項）有時，關(guān)系詞前面有多個名詞，這時需要根據(jù)句子的邏輯意義來判斷哪個才是真正被修飾的對象。例句2:Doyouseethehouseonthehillwhichhasablueroof?引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：who，whom，whose，which，that，as關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why關(guān)系代詞Heisanoldman.Hesendsgiftstochildren.Heisanoldmanwho

sendsgiftstochildren.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、定語或表語，因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。如何選擇關(guān)系代詞？

(who,whom,whose,which,that)口訣：先看先行詞，辨清人或物，后看從句里，有無主賓語。一、先行詞指“人”時，關(guān)系代詞用who/whom/that缺主語：用who/that(不能省)不缺主語,作賓語：用(who/whom/that)(可以省)當關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞(to,with,for..)后面作賓語時，如果指代人，必須

使用

whom1.Thegirl

livesnextdoorisnice.2.Theteacher

wealllikeisleaving.3.Shehasaclosefriend

with

sheoftentravels..who/thatwho/whom/thatwhom（1）Iknowtheperson

housewasdestroyedintheearthquake.先行詞關(guān)系詞，指人，在從句中做定語，所屬關(guān)系Iknowthepersonof

thehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.（2）Thisistheroom

windowfacesnorth.關(guān)系詞，指物，在從句中做定語，所屬關(guān)系先行詞Thisistheroom

of

thewindowfacesnorth.二、whose指人和物，表示所屬關(guān)系，在定語從句中作定語，可與“ofwhich/whomthe...互換”意為“...的”whosewhomwhosewhich三、先行詞指“物”時，關(guān)系代詞用which/that先行詞在定語從句中作主語和賓語，都用which/that當先行詞在定語從句中作賓語，which/that可以省略當關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后作賓語時，如果指物，必須用which1.Thisisabook.Thebooktellsstoriesaboutspace.Thisisabook

tellsstoriesaboutspace.2.Ilikethepresent

yougaveme.3.Thisisthehouse.Igrewupinthehouse.Thisisthehousein

Igrewup.which/thatwhich/that/xwhich在限制性定語從句中，as

通常不單獨使用，而是與

such

或

thesame

搭配，形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)："such...as"

和

"thesame...as"。此時，as

的作用類似于

that,

which,

who，在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語。四、as指人或物，用于限制性定語從句或非限制性定語從句中Heisnot

such

aman

wouldleavehisfriendsintrouble.Ihaveneverheardofsuch

athing

youmentioned.Thisisthesame

watch

Ilostlastweek.

isknowntoall,heisagoodperson.asasasAs（1）Thenumberofpeople

cometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.（2）Thecoat

liesonthegroundishers.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語主句：Thenumberofpeoplereachesonemillion.主句：Thecoatishers.Exercisewho/thatwhich/that（3）Thekey

youlostisfound.that/X先行詞關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語主句：Thekeyisfound.特殊用法1.當先行詞為all，everything，nothing，anything，much等不定代詞。只能用that，不能用which的情況2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。All

thatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwasBigBen.Heisthetallestman

that

Ihaveeverseen.3.先行詞被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時。I'vereadall

thebooksthatarenotmine.我已經(jīng)讀了所有那些不屬于我的書。4.當先行詞既指人又指物時。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.只能用that，不能用which的情況6.當主句的主語是疑問詞which時。Whichisthecarthatyouboughtlastweek?你上周買的哪輛車？7.當先行詞是主句的表語，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語。Shanghaiisnolonger

thecity

thatitusedtobe.上海不再是過去的那座城市了。

其它情況先行詞為人稱代詞I,you,he,she,they,them,或指人的不定代詞one,ones,anyone,those時，不用that1.Anyone__________failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.2.Those_______arenotsuitableforthejobshouldleavetheofficeatonce.3.Ilikethose_______aresweet.theway作先行詞+that/inwhich/省略Idon’tliketheway_______________youtalktome.whowhowhichinwhich/that關(guān)系副詞(where/when/why)核心概念：什么是關(guān)系副詞？關(guān)系副詞用于引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中充當狀語，修飾表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞。它們相當于“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。1.When-關(guān)系副詞（表時間）在定語從句中作時間狀語。先行詞：

表示時間的名詞，如

time,day,year,moment等。相當于：

on/in/at/during+whichThatwasthe

day.Onthatday,somethingspecialhappened.Thatwastheday

somethingspecialhappened.Thatwastheday

somethingspecialhappened.Thatwastheday

Iwillneverforget.whenonwhichthat/which2.Where-關(guān)系副詞（表地點）在定語從句中作地點狀語。先行詞：表示地點的名詞，如

place,room,city,country,house,school

等。相當于：

in/at/on+whichThisisthe

house.Igrewupinthathouse.Thisisthe

house

Igrewup.Thisisthe

house

Igrewup.Thisisthemuseum

Ivisitedlastweek.inwhichwherethat/which3.Why-關(guān)系副詞（表原因）在定語從句中作原因狀語。?？墒÷韵刃性~：

只有

reason。相當于：

forwhichPleasetellmethe

reason.Youarelatefor

thatreason.Pleasetellmethe

reason

youarelate.Pleasetellmethe

reason

youarelate.forwhichwhy對比維度限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句核心功能限定、識別先行詞，是句子不可或缺的部分。補充說明先行詞，是“錦上添花”的信息，去掉后主句意思依然完整。形式標志不用逗號與主句隔開。必須用逗號與主句隔開。關(guān)系詞1.指人：who,whom,that

2.指物：which,that

3....的：whose1.指人：who,whom(不能用that)

2.指物：which(不能用that)

3....的：whose關(guān)系詞省略關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語時，可以省略。關(guān)系詞一律不能省略。翻譯差異通常譯為

“…的”

結(jié)構(gòu)。通常譯成另一個并列句。定語從句分類：Example例句對比IhavetwosisterswhoworkinBeijing.

（我有兩個在北京工作的姐妹。）

含義：

我不止兩個姐妹，這句限定了是“在北京工作的”那兩個。Ihavetwosisters,whoworkinBeijing.

（我有兩個姐妹，她們都在北京工作。）

含義：

我只有兩個姐妹，并且補充說明了她們都在北京工作。例句對比Thebookthatyoulentmeisgreat.

（你借給我的那本書很棒。）

含義：

特指“你借給我的”那本，而不是別的書。Thisbook,whichyoulentme,isgreat.

（這本書很棒，它是你借給我的。）

含義：

“是你借給我的”是對這本書的補充說明。Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclausesinthesetencesbelow.Whatfunctiondotherestrictiveclauseshave?1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanicerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.MrLiisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.PracticeTherearedeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.…,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.…,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedand…Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Findthesentenceswithrelativeclausesinthetext.Therearedeepcracksthat

appearedinthewellwalls.…,aquakethat

evencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.Twothirdsofthe

people

who

livedthereweredeadorinjured.Thenumberof

people

who

werekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.…,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigout

those

who

weretrappedand…Workersbuiltsheltersfor

survivors

whose

homeshadbeendestroyed.Exercise1:1.Herearesomeofthepeople________homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_____wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything_____theycouldfind.4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings_____hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.5.Theinjuredboy_____motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.6.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby_____shewasrescued.7.Isthistheyoungboy_________savedseveralotherstudentstrappedunderbuildings?whosewhothat/which/thatwhosewhomwho/thatTaketurnstoaskquestionsaboutthepictures.Makesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesusingthat,which,who,whom,orwhose.Thetentswereputupforthepeoplewhosehomesweredestroyed.Thedogthathasgoodsenseofsmellisimportantintherescuework.Themenwhoareputtingupsheltersare

soldiersThefirefighterisinstructinghisdogtosearchforanyonewhoistrappedinruins.Therescueworkersarediggingoutpeoplewhoareburiedinruins.Themessagewhichissentbyamothertoherbabymovedeveryon