2025年LSAT事實分析專項訓(xùn)練卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______Section:Fact-BasedLogicalReasoningInstructions:Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedontheinformationprovidedinthepassages.Passage1ThetownofGreenfieldisconsideringimplementingabanonsingle-useplastics.Proponentsarguethatsuchabanwouldsignificantlyreducepollutionandprotecttheenvironment.Theypointtocitiesthathavealreadysuccessfullyimplementedsimilarbans,notingthedecreaseinplasticwasteandthepositiveimpactonlocalwildlife.However,opponentsarguethatthebanwouldbeeconomicallydamagingtolocalbusinesses,particularlythoseinthefoodserviceindustry.Theyclaimthatalternativepackagingoptionsaremoreexpensiveandlessconvenient,andthatthebanwouldleadtojoblosses.Thetowncounciliscurrentlydebatingthemeritsoftheproposedban.1.Whatisthemainargumentoftheproponentsoftheban?2.Whatisthemainargumentoftheopponentsoftheban?3.Whatassumptiondoestheargumentoftheproponentsrelyon?4.Whatassumptiondoestheargumentoftheopponentsrelyon?5.Ifthealternativepackagingoptionsarenotasconvenientassingle-useplastics,whatwouldbethestrongestchallengetotheopponents'argument?Passage2Arecentstudyfoundacorrelationbetweenthenumberofhoursspentusingsocialmediaandlevelsofanxietyanddepressionamongteenagers.Theresearchersconcludedthatexcessivesocialmediausecontributestonegativementalhealthoutcomes.However,criticsofthestudyarguethatcorrelationdoesnotimplycausation.Theysuggestthatteenagerswhoarealreadyanxiousordepressedaremorelikelytospendmoretimeonsocialmedia.Additionally,theypointoutthatthestudydidnotaccountforotherfactorsthatcouldcontributetoanxietyanddepression,suchasacademicstressorfamilyproblems.6.Whatisthemainconclusionofthestudy?7.Whatisthemainargumentofthecriticsofthestudy?8.Whatassumptiondoestheargumentofthecriticsrelyon?9.Ifthestudyfoundthatthecorrelationwasstrongeramongteenagerswhoalreadyhadexistingmentalhealthissues,howwouldthisimpacttheargumentofthecritics?10.Whatadditionalevidencewouldbemosthelpfultodeterminewhetherthereisacausalrelationshipbetweensocialmediauseandmentalhealth?Passage3ThegovernmentofCountryXisconsideringimplementinganewtaxonsugarydrinks.Thegovernmentarguesthatthetaxwouldhelptoreducetheconsumptionofsugarydrinks,whicharelinkedtoobesityandotherhealthproblems.Theypointtostudiesshowingthattaxesonsugarydrinkshaveledtoadecreaseinconsumptioninothercountries.However,thebeverageindustryarguesthatthetaxwouldbeunfairtoconsumersandwouldnotsignificantlyreduceconsumption.Theyclaimthatconsumerswillsimplyswitchtootherbeveragesthatarenottaxed,andthatthetaxwouldharmsmallbusinessesinthebeverageindustry.11.Whatisthemainargumentofthegovernmentinfavorofthetax?12.Whatisthemainargumentofthebeverageindustryagainstthetax?13.Whatassumptiondoestheargumentofthegovernmentrelyon?14.Whatassumptiondoestheargumentofthebeverageindustryrelyon?15.Ifthestudiesshowingadecreaseinconsumptionduetotaxesonsugarydrinksalsoshowedasignificantincreaseintheconsumptionofotherbeverages,howwouldthisimpacttheargumentofthegovernment?Passage4Anewstudypublishedinaleadingscientificjournalclaimsthatanewlydevelopeddrugishighlyeffectiveintreatingararedisease.Thestudyinvolvedalargesampleofpatientsandshowedthatthedrugwassuccessfulintreatingthediseaseinover90%ofthecases.However,someexpertshaveraisedconcernsaboutthestudy'smethodology.Theypointoutthatthestudywasfundedbythecompanythatdevelopedthedrug,andtheyarguethatthiscouldpotentiallybiastheresults.Additionally,theynotethatthestudydidnothaveacontrolgroupthatreceivedaplacebo.16.Whatisthemainclaimofthestudy?17.Whatisthemainconcernraisedbytheexperts?18.Whatassumptiondoesthemainclaimofthestudyrelyon?19.Whatassumptiondoesthemainconcernoftheexpertsrelyon?20.Ifasubsequentstudywithalargersamplesizeandacontrolgroupalsofoundthedrugtobehighlyeffective,howwouldthisaddresstheconcernraisedbytheexperts?試卷答案Passage11.Themainargumentoftheproponentsisthatthebanwouldsignificantlyreducepollutionandprotecttheenvironment.*解析思路：問題要求找出支持者的主要論點。定位到文章第一段，支持者認(rèn)為禁止一次性塑料會顯著減少污染并保護(hù)環(huán)境。2.Themainargumentoftheopponentsisthatthebanwouldbeeconomicallydamagingtolocalbusinesses,particularlythoseinthefoodserviceindustry.*解析思路：問題要求找出反對者的主要論點。定位到文章第一段，反對者認(rèn)為該禁令會對當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)造成經(jīng)濟損失，特別是餐飲業(yè)。3.Theassumptiontheproponentsrelyonisthatcitiesthathavealreadyimplementedsimilarbanshavesuccessfullyreducedpollutionandprotectedtheenvironment.*解析思路：問題要求找出支持者的隱含假設(shè)。支持者提到一些城市已經(jīng)成功實施了類似的禁令，這隱含假設(shè)了這些城市的成功經(jīng)驗可以復(fù)制到Greenfield。4.Theassumptiontheopponentsrelyonisthatalternativepackagingoptionsarenotasconvenientassingle-useplastics.*解析思路：問題要求找出反對者的隱含假設(shè)。反對者認(rèn)為替代包裝更昂貴、不方便，這隱含假設(shè)了便利性是商家和消費者選擇包裝的重要因素。5.Ifthealternativepackagingoptionsarenotasconvenientassingle-useplastics,thestrongestchallengetotheopponents'argumentwouldbethattheeconomicdamageisnotasignificantconcerniftheenvironmentalbenefitsaresubstantial.*解析思路：問題要求找出在替代包裝不方便的情況下，對反對者論點的最強挑戰(zhàn)。反對者的核心擔(dān)憂是經(jīng)濟損害，如果環(huán)境效益非常顯著，那么經(jīng)濟損害就可能不是主要問題。Passage26.Themainconclusionofthestudyisthatexcessivesocialmediausecontributestonegativementalhealthoutcomesamongteenagers.*解析思路：問題要求找出研究的主要結(jié)論。定位到文章第一段，研究人員得出結(jié)論，過度使用社交媒體會導(dǎo)致青少年心理健康問題。7.Themainargumentofthecriticsisthatcorrelationdoesnotimplycausationandthatotherfactorscouldcontributetoanxietyanddepression.*解析思路：問題要求找出批評者的主要論點。定位到文章第二段，批評者認(rèn)為相關(guān)性不等于因果關(guān)系，并指出其他可能導(dǎo)致焦慮和抑郁的因素。8.Theassumptionthecriticsrelyonisthatteenagerswhoarealreadyanxiousordepressedaremorelikelytospendmoretimeonsocialmedia.*解析思路：問題要求找出批評者的隱含假設(shè)。批評者提出反向因果關(guān)系，即已經(jīng)是焦慮或抑郁的青少年更可能花更多時間在社交媒體上，這假設(shè)了這些青少年有更高的社交媒體使用傾向。9.Ifthecorrelationwasstrongeramongteenagerswhoalreadyhadexistingmentalhealthissues,itwouldnotsignificantlyimpacttheargumentofthecritics,astheyarearguingthatsocialmediausecontributestomentalhealthproblemsforteenagerswhoare*not*alreadystruggling.*解析思路：問題要求分析如果相關(guān)性在已有心理健康問題的青少年中更強，對批評者論點的影響。批評者的論點是社交媒體使用*導(dǎo)致*心理健康問題，即使相關(guān)性在已有問題者中更強，也并不能否定社交媒體對*其他*青少年可能存在的負(fù)面影響。10.Themosthelpfuladditionalevidencetodeterminecausationwouldbealongitudinalstudytrackingteenagers'socialmediauseandmentalhealthovertime,possiblyusingacontrolgroup.*解析思路：問題要求找出確定因果關(guān)系最有幫助的額外證據(jù)。確定因果關(guān)系需要長期追蹤研究，并設(shè)立對照組，以觀察社交媒體使用與心理健康之間的動態(tài)變化和因果關(guān)系。Passage311.Themainargumentofthegovernmentinfavorofthetaxisthatitwouldhelptoreducetheconsumptionofsugarydrinks,whicharelinkedtoobesityandotherhealthproblems.*解析思路：問題要求找出政府支持稅收的主要論點。定位到文章第一段，政府認(rèn)為稅收有助于減少含糖飲料消費，因為它們與健康問題有關(guān)。12.Themainargumentofthebeverageindustryagainstthetaxisthatitwouldbeunfairtoconsumersandwouldnotsignificantlyreduceconsumption.*解析思路：問題要求找出飲料行業(yè)反對稅收的主要論點。定位到文章第一段，飲料行業(yè)認(rèn)為稅收對消費者不公平，且不會顯著減少消費。13.Theassumptiontheargumentofthegovernmentreliesonisthatreducingsugarydrinkconsumptionwillleadtoareductioninobesityandotherhealthproblems.*解析思路：問題要求找出政府論點的隱含假設(shè)。政府主張征稅以減少消費，隱含假設(shè)了減少消費會直接帶來健康益處。14.Theassumptiontheargumentofthebeverageindustryreliesonisthatconsumerswillswitchtootherbeveragesthatarenottaxedifsugarydrinksbecomemoreexpensive.*解析思路：問題要求找出飲料行業(yè)論點的隱含假設(shè)。飲料行業(yè)認(rèn)為消費者不會減少總飲料消費，而是會轉(zhuǎn)向未征稅的飲料，這假設(shè)了消費者有替代選擇且會選擇它們。15.Ifstudiesshowedasignificantincreaseintheconsumptionofotherbeverages,itwouldweakentheargumentofthegovernmentbecauseitwouldsuggestthatthetaxissimplyshiftingconsumptiontootherpotentiallyunhealthyoptionswithoutsignificantlyreducingoverallsugarintake.*解析思路：問題要求分析如果研究顯示其他飲料消費顯著增加，對政府論點的影響。這表明稅收并未減少含糖飲料消費，只是將其轉(zhuǎn)移到其他飲料，可能并未改善整體健康狀況，從而削弱了政府的論點。Passage416.Themainclaimofthestudyisthatthenewlydevelopeddrugishighlyeffectiveintreatingararedisease.*解析思路：問題要求找出研究的主要聲明。定位到文章第一段，研究聲稱新開發(fā)的藥物對一種罕見病非常有效。17.Themainconcernraisedbytheexpertsisthatthestudy'smethodologyisflawedduetopotentialfundingbiasandthelackofa