語法部分專題九非謂語動(dòng)詞★★★★★(8年58考)知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)過重難·解惑釋疑1.

非謂語動(dòng)詞中能作主語的有動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)詞不定式作主語表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動(dòng)作。Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.勇敢面對(duì)你的問題而不是逃避它們是解決事情的最佳方法。Tocompletetheprogrammeneedsmucheffort.要完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目需要很多努力。(2)it作形式主語，代替真正作主語的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。Itwasnousesendinghimtoahospital.送他去醫(yī)院沒有用。It'simportantforthefigurestobeupdatedregularly.定期更新數(shù)字是很重要的?？键c(diǎn)一非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語★★(8年5考)2.

非謂語動(dòng)詞中能作表語的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語意為“令人……的”，而過去分詞作表語意為“(人)感到……的”。MydreamistoenterPekingUniversity.我的夢(mèng)想是進(jìn)入北京大學(xué)。Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightening.請(qǐng)描述一只令人害怕的狗。(令人害怕)Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightened.請(qǐng)描述一只受驚的狗。(狗感到害怕)注意：get、become、look、seem、appear等系動(dòng)詞后可跟過去分詞作表語，表示被動(dòng)或主語的狀態(tài)。Weshouldn'tgetdiscouragedrightafterfailures.我們不應(yīng)該在失敗后馬上就氣餒?！菊骖}感悟】單句語法填空1.

(2024新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Incoldweather,thestructurestays

________(close)toprotecttheplants.2.(2021全國甲卷)Itispossible_________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometres.3.(2019天津卷)__________(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthefuture.4.(2018北京卷)____________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.closedtowalkLearningTravelling1.

后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)有admit、advise、allow、dislike、appreciate、avoid、doubt、enjoy、envy、can'thelp、delay、escape、can'tstand/bear、deny、excuse、consider、fancy、favour、mind、miss、figure、finish、oppose、pardon、resist、forgive、permit、imagine、postpone、risk、involve、practise、prevent、suggest、keep、quit、keepon、insiston、lookforwardto、feellike、getdownto、objectto、devoteoneselfto、beusedto(習(xí)慣于)、setabout、putoff等?？键c(diǎn)二非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語★★★★(8年12考)2.

后接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)有attempt、afford、agree、aim、arrange、enable、choose、neglect、demand、long、mean、expect、appear、determine、manage、pretend、desire、wish、offer、beg、fail、plan、bother、care、happen(碰巧)、prepare、decide、learn、hesitate、claim、hope、promise、want、refuse、seek、refuse、threaten、wouldlike等。3.

既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式的動(dòng)詞(短語)有forget、remember、stop、regret、goon、mean、start、begin、try等，但意義上有區(qū)別。4.

need、require、want作“需要”講以及deserve作“應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得”講時(shí)，其后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)式。Theroadneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這條路需要(被)修。5.it作形式賓語，代替真正作賓語的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.我認(rèn)為學(xué)好一門外語對(duì)我們來說很重要。【真題感悟】單句語法填空1.

(2023新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether

_________(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.2.(2023全國乙卷)Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears___________(record)everythingIdiscovered.3.(2021全國甲卷)After__________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!tobiterecordingspending4.(2019全國Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedby________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.

5.(2018全國Ⅲ卷)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.notinglooking1.

“五看二聽一感覺”的感官動(dòng)詞(短語)，如see、watch、observe、notice、lookat、hear、listento、feel，后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語有三種常見的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式(do/doing/done)。do表主動(dòng)和完成(被動(dòng)句需補(bǔ)上不定式符號(hào)to)，doing表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，done表被動(dòng)或完成。Themissingboywaslastseenplayingneartheriver.失蹤的男孩最后被看見是在河邊玩耍。Shewasoftenheardtosingthissong.經(jīng)常聽見她唱這首歌?？键c(diǎn)三非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語★★(8年7考)2.

使役動(dòng)詞后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語。常見的使役動(dòng)詞有make、leave、keep、have、get等。(1)賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間表示主動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)make/have/letsb.dosth.使得某人做某事getsb.todosth.使得某人開始做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)使/讓……開始行動(dòng)起來)have/leave/keep...doingsth.使……(持續(xù))做某事/保持某種狀態(tài)(2)賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間表示被動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)make/get/havesth.done使/讓某事被做3.

常跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有advise、allow、ask、beg、encourage、expect、forbid、force、get、intend、invite、like、order、persuade、prefer、require、teach、remind、tell、want等。Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfood.病人被警告不要吃油膩的食物。Theyencouragereaderstousethelibrary.他們鼓勵(lì)讀者使用圖書館。4.

with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Witheverythingdone,Iwenthomehappily.因?yàn)橐磺卸甲鐾炅?，我開心地回家了。【真題感悟】單句語法填空1.(2023新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Nanxiangaside,thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem

______________(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.2.(2020全國Ⅱ卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes__________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.3.(2020新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor_________(walk)througharainforest.tobelifteddecoratedwalking4.(2019江蘇卷)China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries____________(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.5.(2018全國Ⅲ卷)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme_________(stay)andwatch.recognizingtostay1.

動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(1)通常表示目的，相當(dāng)于inorderto或soasto，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。Isavedeverycent(inorder)tobuyacar.為了買車，我存下每一分錢。(2)表示結(jié)果時(shí)常用于too...to、onlyto...、neverto等結(jié)構(gòu)中。Theboyistooyoungtodresshimself.這個(gè)男孩太小了以至于不能自己穿衣服。Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen.他急忙趕回家，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的錢被偷了。Helefthishometownin1938,nevertobeheardfromagain.他于1938年離開家鄉(xiāng)，之后再也沒有他的消息?？键c(diǎn)四非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語★★★★(8年20考)(3)可用在某些形容詞的后面Iamoverjoyedtohearthenews.聽到這個(gè)消息我太高興了。Theyaresuretowinthematch.他們一定會(huì)贏下這場(chǎng)比賽。2.

分詞作狀語分詞作狀語可表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨、讓步、方式和結(jié)果等。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.(時(shí)間狀語)聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，他們都高興得跳了起來。Givenmoretime,Icandotheworkbetter.(條件狀語)如果多給一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我能做得更好。Notknowinghisaddress,Ican'tsendthisbooktohim.(原因狀語)由于不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書寄給他。Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,lookingratherpleased.(伴隨狀語)他把一個(gè)手指放進(jìn)嘴里，嘗了嘗，笑了，看起來挺高興。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞和onlytodosth.都可以表示結(jié)果，但是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表示順理成章的結(jié)果，即由于前句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生而自然造成的結(jié)果，而onlytodosth.表示出乎意料的(往往是不太好的)結(jié)果。Herparentsdied,leavingheranorphan.她父母雙亡，留下她一個(gè)孤兒。Iranallthewaytothepostoffice,onlytofinditclosed.我一路跑到郵局，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)郵局關(guān)門了?！菊骖}感悟】單句語法填空1.(2024新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays_________(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.2.(2024新高考全國Ⅱ卷)ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford'sinternationalvisibility,saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed_________(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.3.(2024新高考全國Ⅱ卷)___________(recall)watchingaChineseoperaversionofShakespeare'splayRichard

ⅢinShanghaiandmeetingChineseactorswhocametoStratfordafewyearsagotoperformpartsofThe

Peony

Pavilion,Edmondsonsaid,“ItwasveryexcitingtoheartheChineselanguageandseehowTang'splaywasbeingperformed.”togivetofindRecalling4.(2024浙江1月高考卷)However,ifyou'reshoppingforone,buyingextra_______(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn'tmakesense.5.(2023全國乙卷)________________(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.6.(2022全國甲卷)Heflew4,700kilometresfromXi'antoKashgaronSept.20,__________(plan)tohikebacktoXi'aninfivemonths.7.(2022全國乙卷)______________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.tobenefitHavingvisitedplanningTostrengthen8.(2021浙江卷)Mary'ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.9.(2020天津卷)Thelocalgovernmentdoesn'thavetosacrificeenvironmentalprotection____________(promote)economicgrowth.10.(2019江蘇卷)__________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.

11.(2017北京卷)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.toplanttopromoteToenjoyranging1.

動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語表示將來的動(dòng)作。Thequestiontobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.將在會(huì)議上討論的那個(gè)問題是非常重要的。(2)被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next、second、last、only和nota、the等限定詞時(shí)，只能用動(dòng)詞不定式。MrPetersonisalwaysthefirstpersontoarriveatthetrainingcentre.皮特森先生總是第一個(gè)到達(dá)訓(xùn)練中心的人?？键c(diǎn)五非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語★★★★(8年14考)(3)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時(shí)間、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等的抽象名詞，如ability、movement、effort、need、failure、opportunity、chance、courage、intention、reason、decision、method、determination、wish、time(時(shí)間)、promise、way等。Hehastheabilitytodothework.他有能力做這項(xiàng)工作。Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus.他們放棄這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的決定使我們大吃一驚。WhatisthebestwaytoteachEnglish?什么是教英語的最好方法？2.

分詞作定語(1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義。Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.站在那兒的小孩是我弟弟。Thefrightenedchildstoodtherestill.那個(gè)嚇壞了的小孩站在那里一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成。Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice?你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫(yī)生嗎？Abrokencupislyingontheground.地上有一只破碎的杯子。動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)即將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作；過去分詞表示發(fā)生在過去的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextyearwillbeahotel.明年即將要建造的大樓將會(huì)是一個(gè)賓館。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbeahotel.正在建造的大樓將會(huì)是一個(gè)賓館。Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisahotel.去年建造的這座大樓是一個(gè)賓館?！菊骖}感悟】單句語法填空1.(2024新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Twoyearslater,asix-metre-tallpavilion,__________(inspire)byThe

Peony

Pavilion,wasbuiltattheFirsGarden,justtenminutes'walkfromShakespeare'sbirthplace.2.(2024浙江1月高考卷)Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarketshavestartedsellingc