圖片描述

Atimebombmadeofdynamite

sticks

Oneobjectlookslikeatime

bombcomposedofabundleof

dynamitesticksandatimer

connectedbyelectricwires

Itlookslikearoadbarrier

whichismadeofametal

rack.Thehorizontalbarof

therackispaintedwith

orangeandwhitediagonal

stripes.Ontopoftherack,

thereisayellowflashlightto

theright.

Section2中的特殊情況

1.滑行道上有碎片或殘片，例如debris[deb「i:],飛行員需要與ATC聯(lián)系清除滑行道上的殘

片?；苓^程中，出現滑油壓力低(oilpressurelow),需要中斷起飛。需要關車并滑回停

機坪檢修。飛行員需根據情況與塔臺聯(lián)系，要求機務檢查。并且需要下客，更換飛機。

Duringtaxing,Ifoundsomedebrisonthesurfaceofthetaxiway.Itlooked

likepiecesofatireandsomewreckageofaircraftorvehicle.Wereportedthe

eventtoATC.Wecontinuedtaxitotherunwayafterthetaxiwaywasclearec.

Wewereclearedtortake-off,suddenlyacautionmessage、'RENGOILPRESS”

poppedoutduringtakeoffroll,werejectedthetake-offimmediately.Westopped

ontherunway,andshutdowntheengineafterwards.WecontactedATCfor

taxiingbacktotherampandgottheaircraftcheckedbythemaintenance.That

isallIcanremember.

2.飛機客艙門(cabindoorsealproblem)失密，有噪聲(whistlingnoise)、我們聯(lián)系了

公司運轉(operations).接著學前客艙門會飛掉beblownout,cabindoordebriswas

suckedintooneengineandcausedtheenginedamage,機長關停了受損發(fā)動機.想后

會出現緊急失壓(cabinrapiddepressurization),飛行員聯(lián)系CENTER申請緊急下降

(requestemergencydescentandlanding),requireemergencyserviceonarrival.

Ambulanceandfiretruck。Evacuationonrunway(在跑道上緊急撤離)

Duringtheflight,theflightattendantreportedaloudwhistlingnoisecoming

fromtheleftforwardcabindoor.Icontactedcompanyoperations,andthey

thoughtitmightbethecabindoorsealproblem,whichcouldleadtocabin

depressurization.Afterawhile,theleftcabindoorwasblownoutandthedebris

damagedoneengine.Thecabinwasimmediatelydepressurized.Weexecuted

emergencydescent,andshutdownthedamagedengine.Sincethesituationis

critical,wedeclaredemergencyandrequiredATCtoprovideradarvectoringand

landingpriority.Sincewehave3injuredpassengersandadamagedengine,we

requiredATCtoprovideemergencyservicessuchasambulanceandfiretrucks

onarrival.Fortunatelywemadeasafelandingandevacuatedtheaircrafta代er

landingduetoenginefire.Luckilynoonewashurtafterwards.

3.飛行過程中，前方有developingCB,遭遇嚴重顛簸，旅客受傷。飛機遭受雷擊

(lightningstrike),雷擊的位置在風擋的左上部，機體沒有損傷.后來，lostelectrical

power,駕駛艙儀表全部失效(totalinstrumentfailure),機組需要使用電筒(torch)來觀

察儀表，并要求ATC雷達引導返場著陸，需要放油，請求急救車和消防車。。

Duringtheflight,thereweredevelopingCBsahead.Weaccidentallyflewinto

thecloud,andencounteredsevereturbulenceandlightningstrike.Thelightning

strucktheupperleftpartofthewindshield,andtheairframedidnztsuffermajor

damage.Someofthepassengerswereinjured.Ouraircrafthadlostelectrical

powerduetolightningstrike.Alltheinstrumentdisplaysfailedandthecockpit

wasblackedout.Wehadtousetorchtoilluminatetheinstruments.We

requestedradarvectoringtodiverttoanearbyairport.Wehadtodumpfuel

beforelandingtoavoidoverweightlanding.Wealsorequiredemergency

servicesonarrivalasaprecaution.Wefinallymadeasafelanding.

4.飛機客艙內束務員在頭等艙左側頭頂行李艙(overheadcompartment)里發(fā)現可疑物體

(asuspiciousobjectlockslikeanexplosive),類似爆炸物，涉及的詞匯有explosive,

bomb,timer(定時器)，ordynamitesticks雷管。隨后爆炸物在客艙內爆炸，旅客呼吸有

困難，旅客及機組需要戴氧氣面罩.機組需要向管制通報緊急狀況并請求ATC提供幫助。在飛

行中考官可能會問到爆炸物的位置(overheadcompartmentontheleftsideofthefirst

classcabin)以及機上貨艙內是否有危險物品(ATC:confirmyouhavenodangerous

cargointhehold,PILOT:negative,wehavedangerouscargointheholdo

Duringflight,thecabincrewreportedthattheyhadfoundasuspicious

objectintheoverheadcompartmentontheleftsideofthefirstclasscabin.We

examinedtheobject.Itlookedlikeanexplosiveorbombbecauseithadseveral

dynamitestickstapedtogetherwithatimer.Thecabincrewmovedthe

passengersfarawayfromthearea.Afterashortwhile,thecabincrewreported

smokeandfirecomingoutfromtheoverheadcompartment.Thepassengersand

crewhadtouseoxygenmasksinordertobreathenormally.Weimmediately

contactedATCtodeclareanemergencyandrequiredATCassistance,(own

navigation)Wealsorequiredemergencyservicesonarrival.

5.飛行過程中，ATC報告附近有架飛機失去了聯(lián)系，首先要求你和這架飛機聯(lián)絡，但是沒有

成功.ATC又要求你跟蹤并觀察(followandobserve)此架出現問題的飛機，首先你會發(fā)

現該飛機處于平飛狀態(tài)，尾部有尾跡(vaportrail).在接近飛機時，你使用望遠銃

(binoculars)會看到飛機的后貨艙門打開了，有液體流出.客艙內旅客我氣面罩脫落(all

thepassengeroxygenmaskshadbeendeployed,一名旅客在向窗外揮手.駕駛艙

內副駕駛已經失去知覺(passedout或wasunconscious),沒有看到機長.你向ATC

進行了報告，并跟蹤了一段時間，隨后ATC通知軍機(militaryaircraft)對該飛機進行護航

(escort),你繼續(xù)飛往目的地機場.航班有些延誤.

Duringtheflight,ATCreportedanearbyaircrafthadlostradiocontact.ATC

askedmetocontactthataircraftbutIfailedtoreceiveanyresponsefromthat

aircraft.ThenATCrequestedmetofollowandobservetheaircraft.Ifoundthe

aircraftwasflyingnormallywithavaportrailbehinditstail.Throughbinoculars,

wecouldseetherearcargodoorwasopenandsomeliquidcameoutfromthat

aircraft.Inthecabin,alltheoxygenmaskshadbeendeployedandone

passengerwaswavingtous.Otherpassengersandthefirstofficerhadlost

consciousness.Thecaptainseatwasempty.Wereportedtheconditionofthe

aircrafttoATCandfolloweditforawhile.FinallyATCnotifiedthemilitary

aircrafttoescortthataircraft.Thenwewereclearedtocontinuetoour

destinationwithsomedelay.

6.飛機在海洋上空飛行過程中，ATC收到海上運油船oiltanker/vessel的distress

signal,ATC要求飛機搜尋油船的位置。機長需要與運油船通過特定頻率進行聯(lián)絡。圖片上

會有應急發(fā)射機(emergencytransmitter)的頻率，聯(lián)系成功，機長發(fā)現運油船上失

火，海上還有遺灑的原油(oilspill),船員正在使用救生筏liferafts逃生，機長需要通

報油船位置的經緯度和船上情況，以及自己的續(xù)航能力endurance.后來，ATC通知海軍船

只navyvessel和直升機helicopter前來救援，直升機通過繩索將船員(crewmen)救

起，所有船員生還(survived),只有一個人受傷。

WhileIwasflyingoverthesea,ATCadvisedusthatthey'dreceiveda

distresssignalfromoneoiltanker.ATCrequestedustosearchforthetanker.

Throughemergencyfrequency,Icontactedthetankerandflewoverit.Ifound

thatthetankerwasonfireandtherewassomeoilspillonthesurfaceofthesea.

Somecrewmenattemptedtoescapebyliferafts.Irelayedthepositionand

conditionofthetankertoATC.WhenIwasholdinginthatarea,ATChadsenta

navyvesselandahelicoptertorescuethecrew.Thehelicopterliftedallpeople

onboardtotherescueship,everyonesurvivedandonlyonewasslightlyinjured.

Frequentlyaskedquestions

1.Canyoutellmewhathappenedinthesecondpartofthetest?

2.Haveyoueverexperienced/encounteredsuchemergencysituation

/events?Whatdidyoudothen?OrCanyoutellmesomethingaboutit?

NozIhaveneverexperiencedanyemergencysituationlikethat.HoweverI

knowsomepilotsinourcompanydidencountersomeemergencysituationssuch

asengineflameout,windshielddamage,severeturbulence,lightningstrike,

hydraulicsystemfailureetc.SincepilotsinAirChinahavedonealotoftraining

onemergencysituationsinthesimulator,theywereabletohandlethesituazion

efficientlyandlandedtheaircraftsafely.

3.Inwhatothersituationsdopilotsneedtomakeanemergency

descent/dumpfuel/diverttoanalternate?Haveyoueverdiverted?

[A]Therearemanysituationsthatrequirepilotstodivert.Forexample,

weatherconditionisbelowminimaatdestinationairport,engineflameout,

enginefire,cabindepressurization,cabinorcargocompartmentfire,fuel

emergency,majorsystemmalfunctionsandseverelyillpassengeretc(andso

on).Ihavedivertedseveraltimesmostlyduetobadweather.

[B]Thereareseveralsituationsthatcanmakepilotstomakeemergency

descentsuchascabindepressurization,cabinorcargocompartmentfire,

windshielddamage,volcanicashatcruisinglevel,clearairturbulence,

explosivesonboardandsoon.Ihavenevermadeanemergencydescent.

HoweverIhavedonemanyemergencydescentdrills(trainings)inthesimulator.

IknowtheprocedureverywellandIfeltveryconfidentindealingwithabnormal

situationsinflight.

[C]Thereareseveralreasonscanmakepilotsdumpfuelduringtheflight.

Generallyspeaking,ifyouraircrafthassomemajorproblemssuchasengine

flameout,cabinorcargofire,seriouselectricalorhydraulicmalfunctions,and

youhavetodiverttothenearestsuitableairport.Ifyouraircraftisoverweightat

thattime,youhavetodumpfueltoreducethelandingweighttoanormallevel.

4.Tellmesomethingcausesyoutodivertinthesimulatortraining?

Inthesimulatortraining,thereasonsthatmakepilotsdivertareverysimilar

tothatintherealflight.Pilotsshoulddealwiththeproblemjustassameasin

flight.Forexample,weatherconditionisbelowminimaatdestinationairport,

enginefailureaftertake-off,enginein-flightshutcown,enginefire,cabin

depressurization,cabinorcargocompartmentfire,fuelemergency,major

systemmalfunctionsandseverelyillpassengeretc(andsoon).Allthese

conditionsmayaffectthesafetyofoperationifyoucontinuetoflytoyour

destination.Pilotsshouldidentifytheactualproblemsoftheaircraftand

completethecorrectproceduresaccordingtothechecklist.Pilotsshouldalso

contactATCtodivertthenearestairport.

5.Haveyoueverexperiencedanydelay/abortedtakeoff?Canyoutell

methereasonswhyyouweredelayed/abortedtake-off?Howdidthe

airlinehandlethedelays?

6.Haveyouexperiencedcabindepressurization?/doyouknowanypilot

whohasexperiencedcabindepressurization?

Ihaveneverencounteredanycabindepressurizationinmyflight.AndI

don'tknowanyofAirChinapilotshadsuchanexperience.However,sincewe

don'tnormallyexperienceabnormalsituationsoremergencylikethatinreal

flight,wehavetocarryoutrecurrenttraininginthesimulatortwiceeveryyear

inordertobefamiliarizedwithanumberofabnormalproceduressuchascaoin

depressurization,emergencydescentandenginefailureetc.

7.Whatisthemostserioussituationandwhatistheleastserious

situationofcabindepressurization?

ThemostserioussituationisliketheexampleinourRELTAtest.Theaircraft

hadlostacabindoorandtheenginehadbeendamagedbythedebrisofthe

cabindoor.Thecabinpressuredroppedrapidlywemustputonoxygenmasksas

soonaspossibleanddescendtoaloweraltitude.Becausethepassengeroxygen

canonlylast12minutesandwemustdescendtoaloweraltitudewherethereis

enoughoxygenforpeopletobreathe.Theleastserioussituationisthatthecabin

pressurecannotbemaintainedandgraduallydecreases.Inthatcase,wemust

makeanemergencydescent.Howeverwehaverelativelongertimetohandle

thesituationbecausethecabinpressurewillnotbelostinashorttime.

8.Haveyoupracticedcabindepressurizationinthesimulator?Howdid

youdointhesimulatortodealwiththecabindepressurization?

Asforcabindepressurization,simulatorinstructorusuallysetsupsimilar

abnormalsituationsinthesimulatorandaskstheflightcrewtocompletethe

emergencyprocedures.Pilotsshouldputontheoxygenmasksandmakesure

thepassengers'masksaredeployed.TheyshouldalsonotifytheATCtorequest

todeviatefromthecurrenttrackanddescendimmediatelytoaloweraltitude

normallybelow10z000fttoensurethepassengerscanbreathwithoutoxygen

masksandavoidanypossibleairframedamage.

9.Canyoutellmethedifferencesbetweencrewoxygenmaskand

passengeroxygenmask?

Theoxygenofthecrewoxygenmaskusuallylastslongerthanthepassenger

oxygenmask,becauseweneedthepilotstobealivetoflytheaircraft.Ifthe

pilotscankeepaliveandsafelyoperatetheaircraftduringemergencysituation,

thesafetyofthepassengerscanbeassured.Crev/oxygenissuppliedfroman

oxygencylinder,whilepassengeroxygenissuppliedbychemicaloxygen

generators.

爆炸物類問題

1.Whatkindofmaterialisit?Howhasitbeencarriedontotheaircraft?

Whatdidyoudo?

Itwasasuspiciousobjectanditlookedlikeatimebombwhichwasmadeof

severaldynamitestickstapedtogetherandconnectedbyelectricwirestoa

timer.Itmusthavebeencarriedontotheaircraftbyterroristorhijackerwho

hadcovereditupandpassedthroughtheairportsecuritycheck.Ithinkthe

airportsecuritycheckcidn'tcheckthecarry-onbaggageverycarefully.Maybe

thescreeningmachinefailedtodetectit.

Duringtheflight,thecabincrewreportedthattheyhadfoundouta

suspiciousobjectintheoverheadcompartment.V/eexaminedtheobject.Itwas

verysimilartoanexplosiveorbombbecauseithadseveraldynamitesticks

tapedtogetherwithatimer.Thecabincrewhadmovedthepassengersfaraway

formthearea.Afterashortwhile,thecabincrewreportedsmokecomingfrom

theoverheadcompartmentandthesmokecontinuedtobecomeworsealthough

therewasnofireatthemoment.WeimmediatelycontactedATCtodeclare

emergencyandrequestedtolandassoonaspossible.Wealsorequestedthe

emergencyservicesonarrival.Welandedsafelyandevacuatedtheaircrafton

therunway.

2.Whatmaterials(substances/articles)areprohibitedinthecabin.

Whatareallowedtobecarriedinthehold?Whatsubstancesareeven

notallowedinthehold?

AccordingtoCAACregulations,therearemanysubstancesprohibitedinthe

cabinsuchasguns,firearms,weapons,sharpobjects,explosivesandflammable

substances,andtoxicsubstances.

AsfarasIknow,besidesallthechecked-inbaggage,someitemsprohibited

inthecabincanbeallowedinthehold,suchaskitchenknives,clippers,bigfruit

knives,razorsandsharporbluntitemsusedforwork.

AccordingtotheCAAClistoftheprohibiteddangerousgoodsinthehold,

therearenumbersofitemswhicharenotevenallowedinthehold.Theseitems

usuallypresentpotentialharmtoaviationsafetysuchasexplosives,gases,

flammableliquids,fireworks,flares,radioactivematerial,toxicorinfectious

substances,corrosivebatteriesetc.

3.TellmeaboutthesecurityprocesschangesinChina.Howtoimprove

thesecurityprocedureinthefuture?Howdothechangesaffectonyou.

Withtherapiddevelopmentoftheaviationindustryinthelastdecade,there

arealsomanychangesinthesecurityprocessinmostairportsinChina,

especiallybiginternationalairportssuchasBeijing,Shanghai,andGuangzhou.

Theyhaveinvestedalotofmoneyinadvancedsecurityequipment,theyhave

gotmanystaffemployedandtrained.Mostimportantly,thesecurityprocedures

havebeenimprovedalot.Rightnow,passengershavetobescreenedthrough

detectionmachinesandallthesharpitemssuchknifesandscissorsare

prohibitedinthecabin.After911,theprocedurebecamemuchstricter.

Passengershavetotakeofftheirshoesandbeltsbeforegoingthroughthe

screeningmachines.Theirpersonalinformationincludingtravelplansmustbe

filedtotheTSAbeforedepartingforUSA.

Ofcourse,therearemanyareasneedtobeimprovedinthesecurity

procedure.Firstlymoreadvancedsecurityequipmentsshouldbeintroducedin

ordertodetectdangerousitemsthatcouldnotbedetectedrightnow.Airports

needtoemploymorequalifiedsecuritystafftomeetthegrowingnumberof

passengerstoreducethewaitingtimeofthepassengers.Theexistingsecurity

personnelshouldbegivenmoretrainingtohelpthemtobeabletoidentifyitems

harmfultotheflightsafety.Inmyopinion,airlinesshouldsetupdatabaseto

recordandtrackthepessengerswhohaveapotentialtocommitharmfulacts.

Withtheimprovementofthesecurityprocess.,wewillfeelmuchsaferinthe

flight.Airlinecouldprovideabetterandsaferservicetothepassengers.

緊急情況類問題

1.Doyouknowanycabinfireincidentinyourcompany?Tellmeabout

ito

Yes,IhaveheardsomecabinfireincidentsonAirChina'sflights.Ihaven't

experiencedanycabinfirepersonally.Tomyknowledge,mostofthecabinfires

werecausedbypassengersmokinginthelavatory.Theyputtheburning

cigaretteinthedustbinandlightupthetissues.Thefireandsmokehad

triggeredthefirealarminthelavatory.Theflightattendantsputoutthefire

immediately.Thefirewasnotsoseriousanddidn'tcauseseveredamage.The

pilotsontheaircraftdidn'tdeclareemergencyandcontinuedtheirflight.

2.Haveyoueverdeclaredanemergency?Howdoyoudointhe

simulatortopractice(drill)emergencysituationssuchasrapid

depressurization?

NoIhaven'tdeclaredanyemergencysinceIbegantofly.Howeverasa

pilot,wehavetodolotsoftrainingsinthesimulatorstodrilltheemergency

situationsuchasrapiddepressurization.Asforcabindepressurization,simulator

instructorusuallysetsupsimilarabnormalsituationsinthesimulatorandasks

theflightcrewtocompletetheemergencyprocedures.Pilotsshouldputonthe

oxygenmasksandmakesurethepassengermasksaredeployedaswell.They

shouldalsonotifytheATCtorequesttodeviatefromthecurrenttrackand

descendimmediatelytoaloweraltitudenormallybelow10z000fttoensurethe

passengerscanbreathewithoutanoxygenmaskandavoidanypossible

airframedamage.

3.Whatnewtechnologieshavebeenusedtoimprovetheemergency

serviceinChina?Whathasbeenimprovedintheemergencyservicein

China?OrwhathasbeenchangedtotheemergencyserviceinChina?

Comparingwithsituationmanyyearsago,theemergencyserviceinChina

hasbeenimprovedaletbyusingmanynewtechnologiesandnewequipments.

TomeetthedemandofaviationindustrydevelopmentofChina,airportsinChina

haveinvestedlotsofmoneyintheemergencyserviceequipmentssuchasnew

firetrucksandambulances.BiginternationalairportsuchasBeijingairport,has

establishedindependentemergencyresponseteamandemergencycommand

centertodealwithemergencysituation.Someairportsevenhavededicated

communicationfrequenciesforemergency.Alltheseimprovementsmakethe

emergencyresponsemuchquickerandmoreefficient.

4.Whichairporthasbetteremergencyservices(facilities)inChina?

Inmyopinion,BeijingairporthasbetteremergencyserviceinChina.

BecauseBeijingisthecapitalofChinaandBeijingairporthasthelargesttraffic

volumeinChina.ThegovernmentpaysagreatatzentiontosafetyofBeijing

airport.TheyareusingthebestfacilitiesinChina.InBeijingairport,theyalso

hadaspecialpublicpoliceteamtodealwithterroristactivity.Onlyabetter

emergencyservicecansafeguard(makesure)thesafeoperationofallthe

aircraftcominginandgoingoutoftheairportparticularlyduringthe2008

OlympicGames.

5.HowdoyouthinkemergencyservicesinChinawillbechangedto

makeflightsafer?

Generallyspeaking,becausetheChineseairlineindustrywilldevelopvery

fastinthenextfewyears,therewillbemoreandmoreaircraftinChina.China

shouldbuymuchmoremodernemergencyequipmentandintroduceadvanced

technologies.Also,airportsinChinashouldemployandtrainmorequalifiedstaff

toworkintheemergencyservices.CAACshouldsetupnewregulationsand

proceduresaboutemergencyservices.Pilotsandpassengerswillfeelmuchsafer.

6.Whatqualitydopilotneedhavetodealwithemergencysituation?

Inordertohandletheemergencysituationsafely,pilotneedtogetstrictly

trainedondifferentemergencysituationsinthesimulator.Alsothepilotneedsto

havegoodjudgment,gooddecisionmakingandcrewcoordination.Pilotsshould

keepcalmandconfidentfacingdifficultsituations.Pilotsshouldhaveabilityto

communicateinEnglishwithATCwhenemergencysituationhappensinaforeign

country.

7.Sinceyouhavebeenapilot,whatnewtechnologyhasbeenused?

Whatistheadvantageanddisadvantageforthepilot?

SinceIhavebeenapilot(orsinceIstartedlearningflying),manynew

technologieshasbeenused.Forexample,autopilot,fly-by-wiresystems,

satellitenavigationandcommunicationsystemsandsoon.Intermofsafety,

thesetechnologieshavegreatlyimprovedthesafetyoftheflightandreducethe

workloadofthepilots.Pilotscanfocusonflyingandmanagingtheaircraft.On

theotherhand,pilotstendtorelytoomuchontheautopilotandcomputers,

theirflyingskillsdeclineovertime.Sometimespilotslosstheirsituational

awareness.

發(fā)動失效類問題

1.Whatdoyouneedtodowhenlandingwithoneengineinoperative?

Whatisthesituationinthecockpit(flightdeck)?Whatisthe

responsibilityofcaptainandfirstofficer?

Whenweencounteroneengineinoperativeintheflight,themostimportant

thingforpilotstodoistosafelycontroltheaircraft.Wenormallyusetherudder

andcontrolcolumntokeeptheaircraftstableandcompletetheengine-out

checklist.Atthesametime,pilotsshouldcontactATCtodeclareemergencyand

requestprioritylanding.Pilotshouldlandtheaircraftassoonaspossible.

Whenoneengineinoperativehappens,pilotsbecomeverybusy.Thereare

manyvisualandauralwarningsinthecockpit.Piotsmustcarryoutengine-out

checklistandprocedures.Ifpossible,wenormallytrytorestartthefailedengine

intheflight.

Foroneengineinoperativelanding,normallythecaptainisresponsiblefor

controllingtheaircraft.Thefirstofficerisresponsibleforcompletingthecheck

listandcommunicatingwithATC.

2.Howdoesyourairlineusesimulatorstotrainpilotsonemergency

situationsinrecurrenttraining?

Sincewedon'tnormallyexperienceabnormalsituationsoremergency

situationintherealflight,wehavetocarryoutrecurrenttraininginthe

simulatortwiceeveryyearinordertobefamiliarizedwithanumberofabnormal

proceduressuchascabindepressurization,emergencydescent,enginefailure,

hydraulicsystemfailureandcomputermalfunctionetc.Thesimulatorcan

simulateallkindsofmalfunctions.Pilotscanlearnandpracticeallkindsof

difficultproceduresinthesimulator.Pilotscanalsopracticetheirflyingskillsin

thesimulator.Byusingthesimulator,theairlinehasgreatlyimprovedthesafety

level.

3.Compareadvantagesanddisadvantagesbetweensimulatortraining

andrealaircrafttraining?

Comparedwithrealaircrafttraining,thesimulatortraininghasmany

advantages.Firstlythecostofthesimulatortrainingismuchlower.Pilotscan

practicetheproceduresasmanytimesastheylike.Secondly,pilotshaveno

dangerinpracticingabnormalsituations.Thirdlythecompanyhasnorisksof

fatalaccidentsinthesimulatortraining.

Therearesomedisadvantagesforsimulatortraining.Forexample,dueto

thelimitationoftheexistingtechnology,thefeedbackandmovementofthe

simulatormaynotbeasrealisticastherealaircraft.Sometimesthesimulator

doesnztflylikearealaircraft.

4.Howstresslevelhaschangedonpilotsoverthetime?

Overthelast20years,withthedevelopmentoftheChineseairlineindustry

andnewtechnologyusedintheaircraft,thestresslevelhasalsochangedalot.

20yearsago,thetraditionaljetaircraftdidn'thavesomanyautomationand

computers.Pilotshadtopaymoreattentiontothecontrollingoftheaircraft,the

workloadinthecockpitwasveryhigh.Pilotsalwaysfeltstressfulduringthe

flight.Atpresent,thecomputersandautopilotcanhelppilotsdomanythingsin

thecockpitsotheworkloadinthecockpithasbeengreatlyreduced.However,

withrapidincreaseofflights,pilotsnowhavemuchlongertimespentinthe

aircraftandlesstimeathomeforrest.Theyfellstressfultooduetoshortageof

resttime.

5.Whatisthemoststressfulpartofthepilots?Whatistheleast

stressfulpartofthepilots?

其他問題

1.Whatcancausepilottolosehisabilitytoflytheaircraft?Whatisthe

mostserioussituation?

Themostcommonsituationthatcancausepilottolosehisabilitytoflythe

aircraftisillness.Pilotmayfeelbad,andevenbecomeunconsciousbecauseof

illness.

Themostserioussituationisthatiftheincapacitationhappenstothepilotin

commandorpilotflyingandnooneisclearlyawareofthecircumstances.That

couldbeadisaster;theymaylosecontroltheaircraft.

2.Whatsuggestionswouldyouliketogivetotheaircraftmanufacturer

toimprovethedesignoftheaircrafttohandletheemergencysituations?

Inwhatsituationdoyouneedtomakealowpass?

Iwouldliketogivetheaircraftmanufacturerasuggestionthatistodesigna

dev