題型篇閱讀之解題技巧提升第一板塊核心素養(yǎng)之閱讀篇第二講依據(jù)線索信息,確定思考方向?qū)ｎ}二“七選五”閱讀類(lèi)型一核心詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法(一)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)典例

(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Making

Requests

39

.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.

F.NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal自主解答

G分析根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題MakingRequests可知,本段主要講述的是用餐時(shí)提請(qǐng)求的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知,在葡萄牙,這將是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)檫@向廚師表明你不喜歡他們的調(diào)味技巧。G項(xiàng)符合此處語(yǔ)境。該選項(xiàng)中的request是小標(biāo)題中Requests的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(二)同義復(fù)現(xiàn)

典例

(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)·Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Thoughovertourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld,it’sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberofextremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.

38

Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?

E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.自主解答

E分析根據(jù)本空前一句“Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.”可知,作者認(rèn)為游客還有很多其他選擇,本空后一句提議游客嘗試其他知名度較低的景點(diǎn)。由此可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)承上啟下,涉及游客可選擇的其他景點(diǎn)。E項(xiàng)中的undiscovered與本空前的less-visited和本空后的lesser-known為同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(三)反義復(fù)現(xiàn)典例

(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Eatwithotherswheneverpossible.Eatingalone,especiallyinfrontoftheTVorcomputer,oftenleadstomindlessovereating.Andbecarefulaboutthefoodsyoukeepathand.It’smorechallengingtoeatinmoderationifyouhaveunhealthysnacksattheready,likecookies.

38

E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F.Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.自主解答

E分析本段主要講述了適度飲食的正確做法。本空前一句“It’smorechallenging...ifyouhaveunhealthysnacksattheready,likecookies.”提到了不健康的零食,其中的unhealthy與E項(xiàng)中的healthy互為反義詞,形成對(duì)比。E項(xiàng)承接上文,符合語(yǔ)境。(四)派生復(fù)現(xiàn)典例

(2026·江蘇如皋高三調(diào)研)Inaneraofrapidurbanization,communitygardensactasashelterforplants,insectsandbirds.Thebiodiversitytheysupportcontributestotheoverallhealthofurbanecosystems.

39

.Throughlocal,organicandsustainablepractices,communitygardenerstakeanactiveroleinsecuringtheirfoodsourceswhilereducingtheenvironmentalimpactassociatedwithconventionalagricultureandlong-distancetransportation.

A.ThesespacesgobeyondmerephysicalgardensB.Thesegardensalsoaddressthepressingissueoffoodsecurity自主解答

B分析前句:他們所支持的生物多樣性促進(jìn)城市生態(tài)健康。后句:通過(guò)本地化、有機(jī)和可持續(xù)的種植實(shí)踐,社區(qū)園丁保障食物來(lái)源,同時(shí)減少傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)和長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸有關(guān)的環(huán)境影響?？仗幥拔膹?qiáng)調(diào)生態(tài)價(jià)值(biodiversity),后文轉(zhuǎn)向食物生產(chǎn)。填入的句子需體現(xiàn)從“生態(tài)保護(hù)”到“食物安全”的功能擴(kuò)展?！癟hesegardensalsoaddressthepressingissueoffoodsecurity”中的also表明遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。security是后文“securing”的派生復(fù)現(xiàn)。(五)代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)典例

(2025·浙江1月卷)·Consider

the

best

method

to

deliver

your

message.Iftheinformationyou’recommunicatingisn’turgent,considersendinganemail.Writtencommunicationwillgiveyouraudiencemoretimetoreviewit,thinkitover,andfollowupwithquestions.

40

E.Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F.Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.自主解答

F分析本段主要討論“選擇溝通方式”,指出書(shū)面溝通(如郵件)的優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)F“Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.”補(bǔ)充書(shū)面溝通的額外價(jià)值,與“reviewit,thinkitover”呼應(yīng)。“It”指代前文提到的“Writtencommunication”,強(qiáng)調(diào)這種溝通方式能為聽(tīng)眾提供可追溯的記錄。[圖解]類(lèi)型二

相似結(jié)構(gòu)線索法[典例]

(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.

40

,themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.

A.ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB.ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC.MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD.Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE.It’sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplate自主解答

B[導(dǎo)引]第一步:識(shí)別結(jié)構(gòu)信號(hào)詞。觀察空后開(kāi)頭部分:themorecomfortable...?？芍?整個(gè)句子是“The+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...”結(jié)構(gòu)。第二步:預(yù)測(cè)缺失部分。根據(jù)這樣的固定搭配,設(shè)空處必須是一個(gè)以“The+比較級(jí)...”開(kāi)頭的分句,與后半句形成完整的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。第三步:匹配選項(xiàng)?！癟hemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountry”與后文完美對(duì)應(yīng),邏輯通順。[圖解]類(lèi)型三

標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)線索法技巧一

空后是逗號(hào)——尋找不完整句[典例]

(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.

36

,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore,indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.

A.AllplantsaredifferentB.NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC.TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD.Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmerE.Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’sivyareamongthebest自主解答

B[導(dǎo)引]第一步:觀察標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。觀察設(shè)空處,其后緊跟一個(gè)逗號(hào),空處內(nèi)容與but之后的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子。第二步:預(yù)判設(shè)空形式。根據(jù)這一句式,空處很可能是一個(gè)以Notonly開(kāi)頭、且不構(gòu)成獨(dú)立完整句子的倒裝分句。第三步:匹配選項(xiàng)。瀏覽選項(xiàng),只有“Notonlydotheylookbeautiful”是一個(gè)以Notonly開(kāi)頭的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。[圖解]技巧二

空后是問(wèn)號(hào)——鎖定疑問(wèn)句[典例]

(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)

38

?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺(tái)).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation...

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking自主解答

F[導(dǎo)引]第一步:識(shí)別標(biāo)點(diǎn)信號(hào)。觀察設(shè)空處,其后緊跟一個(gè)問(wèn)號(hào)。這明確地告訴我們,設(shè)空處必須是一個(gè)疑問(wèn)句。第二步:分析問(wèn)答邏輯。空后的句子是對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的回答或建議:Ifyoucan’ttake...這個(gè)回答描述了如何應(yīng)對(duì)一個(gè)“喝多了酒”并且“話太多(soapbox)”的人。第三步:匹配選項(xiàng)。“Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking”提出的問(wèn)題與后文給出的解決方案完美構(gòu)成一問(wèn)一答的邏輯關(guān)系。[圖解]1.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.

We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.

E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.運(yùn)用以上方法解答下列題目解析本題可以利用“

”解題。根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容可知,我們都在改變并一直在學(xué)習(xí)。G項(xiàng)中的“

”和空后的“We’re

all

changing”形成對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)G中的

mistake是前后文mistakes的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)itisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality2.(2026·杭州高三質(zhì)檢)Inadditiontothetrendyappeal,alltheserevivalscanalsotouchonafeelingofconnectionduringatimeofincreaseddivision.Butwhetherthatdesireforconnectionissatisfieddependsonifyoucantranslatetheexcitementintoreal,in-personconnection.

“Buthavingorwearingthesamethingisnottheactualstepsofformingsharedidentity,”Ellbergersaid.“AndIfeellikethat’ssomeofwhatgetslost,anditisn’timpossible.”

A.Thecrazegoesbeyondtoys.B.So,what’swiththefascination?C.It’sagreatwaytoformcommunity.D.Thengivethesetoystothemasholidaygifts.解析本題可以利用“

”解題。上文提到懷舊潮流可以增強(qiáng)人與人之間的聯(lián)系,但需要將這種興奮轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)的互動(dòng)?？崭窈笠脤?zhuān)家觀點(diǎn),指出“擁有或穿戴相同的東西并不是形成共同身份的實(shí)際步驟”。選項(xiàng)

暗示雖然潮流有助于聯(lián)系,但僅靠潮流是不夠的,承上啟下,符合題意。其中

與前文的in-person

connection和后文

forming

shared

identity是同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。

同義復(fù)現(xiàn)Cformcommunity3.(2025·南昌高三一模)

Appearingenergeticandlivelyboostsattractiveness.Facialexpressionsandbodylanguagethatconveyliveliness,activity,andenthusiasmmakesomeoneseemmoreappealing.Sincevideoscapturelivelinessbetterthanstatic(靜態(tài)的)images,ifyou’reusingdatingappsorsocialmedia,considerusingvideosinsteadofjustphotostohighlightyourdynamicpresence.

Maximizethe“cheerleadereffect”.Wanttoappearmoreattractive?Makethebestuseofthe“cheerleadereffect”byspendingtimewithagroupofpeoplethatincludesatleastsomeattractiveindividuals...A.Berealinvideos.B.Makeyourenergyobvious.D.Surroundyourselfwithagroupofinterestingpeople.解析本題可以利用“

”解題。空處為段首句,為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下一段“Maximize

the‘cheerleader

effect’.”可知,此處應(yīng)為段落主旨句。因此選定A、B、D三項(xiàng)。由后文“Appearing

energetic

and

lively...highlight

your

dynamic

presence.”可知,本段主要講述的是展現(xiàn)出精力充沛和充滿活力會(huì)提升吸引力。選項(xiàng)

符合該段主旨,其中下一句中的

是選項(xiàng)中energy的派生復(fù)現(xiàn)。

派生復(fù)現(xiàn)Benergetic4.(2025·浙江1月卷)Oneofthemostcommonmistakesincommunicationistryingtodotoomuch.

There’snovalueindeliveringanykindofcommunication,whetherwritten,spoken,formal,orinformal,ifthemessagedoesn’tcomeacrossclearly.Beingclearandbrief—whilemaintaininginterestandincludingeverythingyourlistenersneedtoknow—isahigh-levelcommunicationskill.

A.Bepatient.B.Gettheaudienceinvolved.C.Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.解析本題可以利用“

”解題。前句指出“溝通中試圖做太多”是常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤,后文強(qiáng)調(diào)“信息不清晰則無(wú)價(jià)值”。選項(xiàng)

直接呼應(yīng)“簡(jiǎn)潔的重要性”,說(shuō)明解決“做太多”問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是簡(jiǎn)單化。其中前文“

”與“simple”是反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。

反義復(fù)現(xiàn)Ctoomuch5.(2024·浙江1月卷)Thetipthatcomesupmostoftenissimple:buildonlinecoursesintoyourweeklyschedule,justlikewhatyouwoulddowithin-personcourses.

Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.Itissoeasytoletanonlinecourseslide,butyourgradeswillsufferasaresult.Besuretoschedulesettimestowatchyourlectures,readmaterialsandcontributetoonlinediscussionboards.

A.Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.B.Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C.Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D.ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.E.Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.解析本題可以利用“

”解題。本空后面句子由He開(kāi)頭,代詞He必然指代上句提到的某一個(gè)具體人物。

項(xiàng)提到了具體的人物Professor

Alex

Davidson,呼應(yīng)下文,符合語(yǔ)境。

代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)D6.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”

Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.

Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.解析本題可以利用“

”解題。根據(jù)選段第二段中的“On

this

one,list

all

the

positive

things

you’ve

done

for

others.”可推斷,此處也應(yīng)該是類(lèi)似的祈使句并要求寫(xiě)下一些個(gè)人特質(zhì)。此外,根據(jù)本空前的“Personal

strengths”和本空后的例子可知,

項(xiàng)承上啟下,符合語(yǔ)境。

相似結(jié)構(gòu)B7.(2026·江蘇如皋高三調(diào)研)Communitygardensofferanescapefromthechaosoffast-pacedurbanlife.

,creatingasenseofpeacefulnessandinnerbalance.Thesimpleactofdigginghandsintosoil,plantingseedsandwitnessingthewonderofgrowthbringsasenseofsatisfactionandpurpose.

A.Thesespacesgobeyondmerephysicalgarde