汽車(chē)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)ENALISHCHAPTER

1OverviewofAutomobile

第一章汽車(chē)概述汽車(chē)行業(yè)中的工作機(jī)會(huì)汽車(chē)結(jié)構(gòu)概述乘用車(chē)類(lèi)型專用汽車(chē)類(lèi)型1-1．CareersintheAutomotiveIndustry1-2．OverviewofAutomotiveStructure 1-3．PassengerCarTypes1-4．Special-purposeVehicleTypesCheckingfortheEngine檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)1-1．CareersintheAutomotiveIndustry

汽車(chē)行業(yè)中的工作機(jī)會(huì)CheckingforaNoiseofaVehicleinNewVehicleDealershipServiceDepartment在新車(chē)特約維修站檢查車(chē)輛噪音1-1．CareersintheAutomotiveIndustry

汽車(chē)行業(yè)中的工作機(jī)會(huì)閱讀材料AutomobileTechnologyProjectintheworldSkillsCompetition世界技能大賽中汽車(chē)技術(shù)項(xiàng)目AutomobileTechnologyisoneofTransportationandLogisticsinWorldSkills,aswellasAutobodyRepair,CarPainting,HeavyVehicleTechnologyandRailVehicleTechnology.Itisusuallyseparatedintoseveralmodules,likeEngineManagement,EngineDiagnosis,Brakes,BodyElectrical,Electrical,Alignment,steering&Suspension,EngineMechanical,EngineMeasurementandHybridSafety.汽車(chē)技術(shù)與車(chē)身修理、汽車(chē)噴漆、重型車(chē)輛技術(shù)和軌道車(chē)輛技術(shù)在世界技能大賽中一起隸屬于交通與物流大類(lèi)。汽車(chē)技術(shù)在比賽中通常分為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)管理、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)診斷、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、車(chē)身電氣、電氣、車(chē)輪定位、轉(zhuǎn)向和懸架、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)械、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)測(cè)量以及混動(dòng)安全。01閱讀材料AutomobileTechnologyProjectintheworldSkillsCompetition世界技能大賽中汽車(chē)技術(shù)項(xiàng)目ThehighlyskilledAutomobileTechniciankeepsabreastofcontinuouschangesinthesector,whetherthesearetodowithperformance,safety,orgreenenergysources.Theywilldeeplyunderstandvehicles’electricalandelectronicsystems;havephysicalstamina,coordination,andkinestheticskills,andbeversatile.Thispersonmayrapidlyprogresstomoreseniorrolesastrainer,supervisor,planner,and/ormanager.高水平的汽車(chē)維修技師時(shí)刻了解該行業(yè)的變化，無(wú)論這些變化是與車(chē)輛性能、安全還是綠色能源有關(guān)。他們深入了解車(chē)輛的電子和電氣系統(tǒng)，并具備良好的體力、協(xié)調(diào)能力、動(dòng)覺(jué)能力和其他復(fù)合型技能。他們可以迅速晉升到更高級(jí)的職位，比如培訓(xùn)師、主管、規(guī)劃師和/或經(jīng)理。021—Radiator散熱器，(俗稱)水箱2—Engine發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)3—Clutch離合器4—Transmission變速器5—Parkingbrake駐車(chē)制動(dòng)器，手制動(dòng)器6—Driveshaft傳動(dòng)軸7—Frame車(chē)架8—Rear-axle后軸，(俗稱)后橋Reardrivingaxle后驅(qū)動(dòng)橋9—Rearsuspension后懸架

10—Tire*(US)輪胎Tyre*(GB)輪胎11—Fueltank燃油箱12—Brakepipe制動(dòng)管13—Frontsuspension前懸架

14—Steeringlinkage轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)Tiebar（轉(zhuǎn)向系）橫拉桿15—Steeringgear轉(zhuǎn)向器*：“(US)”表示美式英語(yǔ)；“(GB)”表示英式英語(yǔ)。1-2．OverviewofAutomotiveStructure

汽車(chē)結(jié)構(gòu)概述閱讀材料Car乘用車(chē)A

car(orautomobile)isawheeled

motorvehicleusedfor

transportation.Mostdefinitionsof

car

saytheyrunprimarilyonroads,seatonetoeightpeople,havefour

tires,andmainlytransportpeopleratherthangoods.Carscameintoglobaluseduringthe20thcentury,and

developedeconomies

dependonthem.乘用車(chē)(或汽車(chē))是用于交通的輪式機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛。關(guān)于乘用車(chē)多數(shù)的定義是它們主要行駛在公路上、能坐一至八人，用四個(gè)車(chē)輪并主要用于載人而不是運(yùn)貨。在20世紀(jì)，乘用車(chē)進(jìn)入全球使用并使得經(jīng)濟(jì)得以發(fā)展。Carshavecontrolsfordriving,parking,passengercomfortandsafety,andcontrollingavarietyoflights.Overthedecades,additionalfeaturesandcontrolshavebeenaddedtovehicles,makingthemprogressivelymorecomplex.Examplesincluderearreversingcameras,airconditioning,navigationsystems,andincarentertainment.乘用車(chē)有用于駕駛、駐車(chē)、乘客舒適和安全的控制裝置，并對(duì)多種燈光進(jìn)行控制。幾十年來(lái)，對(duì)汽車(chē)不斷增加的輔助設(shè)備和控制裝置，使得乘用車(chē)日益復(fù)雜。例如包括倒車(chē)攝像頭、空調(diào)、導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)以及車(chē)內(nèi)娛樂(lè)設(shè)施。01021-3．PassengerCarTypes

乘用車(chē)類(lèi)型Passengercar乘用車(chē)（書(shū)面用語(yǔ)）1—Saloon，Sedan，Salooncar乘用車(chē)，*(俗稱)轎車(chē)Fourdoorcar4門(mén)轎車(chē)2—Compactcar緊湊型乘用車(chē)3—Hatchback，Hatchbackcar艙背式乘用車(chē)，艙背式轎車(chē)4—CRV=crossover(vehicle)交叉型車(chē)5—Stationwagon，WG=Wagon，Estate旅行車(chē)6—Pullmansaloon高級(jí)乘用車(chē)，高級(jí)轎車(chē)7—Coupe，2-doorsedan小型乘用車(chē)，雙門(mén)乘用車(chē)，雙門(mén)轎車(chē)8—RV=Recreationalvehicle休閑車(chē)SUV=Sportutilityvehicle運(yùn)動(dòng)型多用途車(chē)，多用途跑車(chē) 9—MPV=Multipurposepassengervehicle多用途乘用車(chē)APV=Allpurposevehicle多功能車(chē)10—Convertible(saloon，car)*，Cabriolet活頂乘用車(chē)，敞篷車(chē)11—Sportcar，Sport運(yùn)動(dòng)型車(chē)，跑車(chē)12—Race[Racing]car賽車(chē)“（）”中所示的是詞義可省略部分、說(shuō)明或語(yǔ)境。例如：“Convertible(saloon，car)”表示此詞條可分別寫(xiě)作以下三條英文詞條：Convertible，Convertiblesaloon，Convertiblecar。*“(俗稱)轎車(chē)”中“(俗稱)”是說(shuō)明。以下各節(jié)也同此。ImprovementsinPassengerCars乘用車(chē)的改進(jìn)Today'ssedansareverydifferentfromthemodels15yearsago.Theoldoneshadmanualdoorlocksandwindows,noairconditioningandbasicaudiosystems.Inonlytenyears’time,ordinarypassengercarshavegainedbasicconveniencefeatures,advancedenginetechnologiesandsafetyfeatures.現(xiàn)在的轎車(chē)和15年前的大不一樣。過(guò)去的車(chē)需要人手動(dòng)鎖門(mén)和關(guān)窗，車(chē)?yán)餂](méi)有空調(diào)和基本的音響系統(tǒng)。在僅僅十年的時(shí)間里，普通的乘用車(chē)?yán)镉辛嘶镜谋憷匦浴⑾冗M(jìn)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)和安全裝置。Despitetheaddedweightofnewsafetyandconveniencefeatures,today'smidsizecarsoutperformtheirpredecessors.Enginesaregettinglargerandhavealsogottenmoreefficient.除了新的安全和便利裝置增加車(chē)的重量外，現(xiàn)在的中級(jí)乘用車(chē)勝過(guò)了以前的中級(jí)乘用車(chē)。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率變大了，同時(shí)也更有效了。0102閱讀材料Performanceisn'ttheonlyareawheremidsizecarsareimproving.Safetyfeatureslikesidecurtainairbags,antilockbrakesandelectronicstabilitysystemsareinstalledinthecars.Electronicstabilitysystemsapplyindividualbrakeswhenavehiclebeginstoskid,inordertokeepitundercontrol.Themajorityofbest-sellingsedanshavepowerwindowsanddoorlocks,aDVDplayerandairconditioning.Luxurycarsaretypicallybuiltwithhigherstandardsthanmidsizecars,includingthegapbetweenpanelsintheinterior.中級(jí)乘用車(chē)不僅改進(jìn)了性能，安全裝置如側(cè)方窗簾式安全氣囊、防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和電子穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)都裝配在車(chē)上。當(dāng)車(chē)輛出現(xiàn)滑動(dòng)時(shí)，為了保持對(duì)汽車(chē)的控制，電子穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)實(shí)施單獨(dú)制動(dòng)。大多數(shù)暢銷(xiāo)車(chē)都有電動(dòng)車(chē)窗、門(mén)鎖、DVD播放器和空調(diào)。豪華轎車(chē)在典型結(jié)構(gòu)方面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比中級(jí)乘用車(chē)更高，其中包括內(nèi)飾板件間隙方面。03閱讀材料1-4．Special-purposeVehicleTypes

專用汽車(chē)類(lèi)型SPV=special-purposevehicle專用汽車(chē)1—Refusetruck，Garbagetruck垃圾車(chē)2—Foodtruck食品車(chē)3—Staketruck，Box-staketruck倉(cāng)柵式汽車(chē)4—Tanker，Tanktruck罐式車(chē)5—Vantruck，Box-typetruck廂式貨車(chē)6—Wreckertruck，Breakdownlorry救援車(chē)，道路清障車(chē)7—Snowremover，Snowsweeper除雪車(chē)8—Schoolbus校車(chē)，學(xué)生客車(chē)9—Readymix(truck)，Concretemixer混凝土攪拌運(yùn)輸車(chē)10—Mobilehome宿營(yíng)車(chē)，旅居車(chē)1-4．Special-purposeVehicleTypes

專用汽車(chē)類(lèi)型11—Cranetruck，Cranemobile汽車(chē)起重機(jī)12—Ambulance(car，van)，Motorambulance救護(hù)車(chē)13—Containerplatformvehicle，Containercar集裝箱運(yùn)輸車(chē)14—Crane[Lift]truck(美)起重舉升汽車(chē)Truckwithcrane隨車(chē)起重運(yùn)輸車(chē)，隨車(chē)吊15—Liftingworkplatformvehicle升降臺(tái)汽車(chē)16—Sweeper(truck)，Road[street]sweeper掃路車(chē) 17—Streetcleaningsprinkler清洗灑水車(chē)18—Fire-extinguishingvehicle消防車(chē)19—Carrepairengineeringvehicle汽車(chē)修理工程車(chē)閱讀材料WhatisaSpecialPurposeVehicle?什么是專用車(chē)輛？TherearethreekindsofSPVs:typeP(plant),typeT(truck)andtypeO(overmass).專用車(chē)輛有三種類(lèi)型：P型（重型機(jī)械型）、T型（貨車(chē)型）和O型（超質(zhì)量型）。TypeP(plant)isaspecialpurposevehicle.Itisprimarilyforoffroaduse,foruseonaroadrelatedareaoronanareaofroadthatisunderconstructionorrepair.Examplesincludeagriculturaltractors,self-propelledharvesters,bulldozers,backhoes,gradersandfront-endloaders.P型（重型機(jī)械）是專用車(chē)輛，主要用于非道路作業(yè)，以及和道路有關(guān)或道路的某個(gè)區(qū)域進(jìn)行施工或修理。這類(lèi)的專用車(chē)包括農(nóng)業(yè)拖拉機(jī)、機(jī)動(dòng)式收割機(jī)、推土機(jī)、鋤耕機(jī)、分類(lèi)機(jī)和前端裝載機(jī)。0102閱讀材料TypeT(truck)isusedonroadsandhasnoaxleoraxlegrouploadedinexcessofthemasslimits.TheseSPVsarebuiltonatruckchassisandincludecherrypickersandmountedconcretepumps.T型（貨車(chē)）用于道路上。這類(lèi)車(chē)軸載重或軸組載荷在質(zhì)量限制內(nèi)。這類(lèi)專用汽車(chē)建在貨車(chē)底盤(pán)上，包括載人平臺(tái)和安在車(chē)上的混凝土泵。TypeO(overmass)isaspecialpurposevehicleonatruckchassisthatisusedonroadsandhasanyaxleoraxlegroupinexcessofthemasslimits.Examplesincludemobilecranesandwell-boringplant.O型（超質(zhì)量型）是建造在貨車(chē)底盤(pán)上的專用車(chē)輛。這類(lèi)車(chē)的軸載重或軸組載荷超過(guò)質(zhì)量限制。如吊車(chē)和鉆井車(chē)。0304謝謝觀看！ENALISH汽車(chē)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)ENALISHCHAPTER2

StructureofEngine發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)概述四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作原理曲軸連桿機(jī)構(gòu)、配氣機(jī)構(gòu)冷卻系統(tǒng)和潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)?2-1OverviewofEngine2-2Four-StrokeEngineOperations2-3CrankshaftandConnectingRodMechanism，ValveTrain2-4CoolingSystemandLubricationSystem

2-1?OverviewofEngine發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)概述ENALISH1imingbelt正時(shí)帶2camshaft,camshaft凸輪軸3throttlebody節(jié)氣門(mén)體4sparkplug火花塞5ignitioncoil點(diǎn)火線圈6starter起動(dòng)器，起動(dòng)機(jī)7intakevalve進(jìn)氣門(mén)8oilpan油底殼，機(jī)油盤(pán)9flywheel飛輪10intakemanifold進(jìn)氣歧管11crankshaft日，crankshaft曲軸12connectingrod

連桿13piston活塞14waterjacket(冷卻系)水套15exhaustvalve排氣門(mén)16injector噴油器17timinggear正時(shí)齒輪本課新單詞body['b?di]n.機(jī)體；車(chē)身，（貨車(chē)）貨箱cam[k?m]n.凸輪，偏心輪camshaft[?k?m?ɑ?ft]n.凸輪軸connecting[k?'nekt??]v.連接cleaner[?kli?n?(r)]n.濾清器，清潔器crankshaft[?kr??k?ɑ?ft]n.曲軸diesel[?di?zl]n.柴油，柴油機(jī)distributor[d?'str?bj?t?(r)]n.分電器，分配器exhaust[?ɡ?z??st]n.排氣，廢氣v.排氣flywheel[?fla?wi?l]n.飛輪gasoline[?ɡ?s?li?n]n.汽油gear[ɡ??]n.齒輪；（變速器）檔head[hed]n.頭，頂，蓋adj.頭的，主要的，在頂端的injector[?n'd?ekt?(r)]n.噴油器intake[??nte?k]n.進(jìn)氣，吸入；進(jìn)口jacket[?d??k?t]n.（外，水，護(hù)）套o(hù)il[??l]n.潤(rùn)滑油，（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）機(jī)油pan[p?n]n.盤(pán)，平底容器，（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）油底殼piston[?p?st?n]n.活塞rod[r?d]n.桿，棒，條spark[spɑ?k]n.火花；點(diǎn)火starter[?stɑ?t?(r)]n.起動(dòng)機(jī)structure[?str?kt??(r)]n.結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)造throttle[?θr?tl]n.節(jié)氣門(mén)，節(jié)流閥timing[?ta?m??]n.正時(shí)，定時(shí)；時(shí)間調(diào)節(jié)valve[v?lv]n.氣門(mén)water[?w??t?(r)]n.水Automobileengines,bothgasolineanddiesel,areinternalcombustionengineswhereair-fuelmixturecombustioncreatespressuretopowerthevehicle.Dieselengines,commoninheavy-dutytrucks,offersuperiorfuelefficiencyandemissionsonparwithgasolineengines.Gasolineenginesrelyonsparkignition,whiledieselenginesachieveignitionthroughhigh-pressureaircompression.Mostcarshavemorethanonecylinder(four,sixandeightcylindersarecommon).Inamulticylinderengine,thecylindersusuallyarearrangedinoneofthreeways:inline,Vorflat.Inaninlineengine,thecylindersarearrangedinalineinasinglebank.Theinlinearrangementisthesimplestandmostcommononeandhasmanyadvantages,suchasThecosttomanufactureandinstallisless.Becauseoftheseadvantages,BMWandalsomanyAmericancarmanufacturersliketousetheinlinecylinderengine.TheBasicEngine

汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，無(wú)論是汽油還是柴油，都是內(nèi)燃機(jī)，其中空氣燃料混合物的燃燒產(chǎn)生壓力來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)輛。柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，在重型貨車(chē)中很常見(jiàn)，提供了優(yōu)越的燃油效率，并且排放與汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)相當(dāng)。汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)依靠火花點(diǎn)火，而柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)通過(guò)高壓空氣壓縮實(shí)現(xiàn)點(diǎn)火。

大多數(shù)汽車(chē)有多個(gè)氣缸（常見(jiàn)的是四、六和八缸）。在多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中，氣缸通常有3種排列方式：直列、V形和水平對(duì)置。在直列發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中，氣缸呈直線排列在一個(gè)氣缸體中。直列式是最簡(jiǎn)單和最常見(jiàn)的方式，并且具有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如制造和安裝的成本較低。由于這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)，寶馬公司和許多美國(guó)汽車(chē)制造商喜歡使用直列氣缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)基礎(chǔ)生詞短語(yǔ)注解advantage[?d'vɑ?nt?d?]n.優(yōu)點(diǎn)，優(yōu)勢(shì)arrange[??re?nd?]v.排列，安排arrangement[??re?nd?m?nt]n.排列，安排

flat[fl?t]adj.平坦的，平直的manufacture[?m?nj??f?kt??]n.制造power['pa??]n.功率，動(dòng)力；電源，能量share[?e?]v.共享，分享1.單詞或詞組英漢連線connectingrodflywheelcrankshaftoilpanexhaustvalveinjectorcamshafttiminggearwaterjackettimingbelt排氣門(mén)連桿油底殼飛輪曲軸正時(shí)帶水套凸輪軸噴油器正時(shí)齒輪accordance[??k??d?ns]n.一致，和諧air-fuelmixture空氣-燃油混合氣all[??l]adj.全部的，所有的calculate[?k?lkj?le?t]v.計(jì)算，考慮consumption[k?n?s?mp??n]n.消耗量，消耗correct[k??rekt]v.修正adj.正確的，恰當(dāng)?shù)膁eceleration[di??sel?'re???n]n.減速，減速度detect[d??tekt]v.探測(cè)，發(fā)現(xiàn)ensure[?n'???(r)]v.保證，擔(dān)保high-load高負(fù)荷，大負(fù)荷operatingconditions工作狀況，工況optimal[??pt?m?l]adj.最佳［優(yōu)］的order[???d?]n.次序，順序v.定購(gòu)proper['pr?p?(r)]adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?，正確的adv.完全地theoreticalair-fuelratio理論空燃比various['ve?r??s]adj.不同的，多樣的warm-up熱車(chē)，暖機(jī)，預(yù)熱2.英譯漢和漢譯英Translate

the

phrase

below

Figure

2-2.翻譯圖

2-2下面的詞組。1—cylinderhead

3—

活塞5—

連桿7—crankcase

9—

曲軸11—oilpan

13—

正時(shí)齒輪15—tappet

17—valvespring

19—

進(jìn)氣門(mén)21—

火花塞2—cylinderblock

4—pistonpin

6—waterpump

8—

飛輪10—oilpipe

12—oilpump

14—

凸輪軸16—

節(jié)氣門(mén)體18—intakepipe

20—

排氣門(mén)3.

寫(xiě)出2023年或2024年全球十大汽車(chē)公司中英文名稱例如：GM=GeneralMotorsCorporation（美）通用汽車(chē)公司4.拓展題查出2023年或2024年全球十大汽車(chē)公司官網(wǎng)網(wǎng)址例如：豐田官網(wǎng)/2-2Four-StrokeEngineOperations四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作原理ENALISHFigure

2-3

Four-Stroke

Engine

Operations

四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作原理a）intake(suction，induction)stroke進(jìn)氣行程Theintakevalveisopenedwhiletheexhaustvalveisclosed.進(jìn)氣門(mén)開(kāi)啟而排氣門(mén)關(guān)閉。b）compressionstroke(travel)壓縮行程Boththeintakeandexhaustvalvesareclosed.進(jìn)氣門(mén)和排氣門(mén)均關(guān)閉。c）Expansion(Power)stroke膨脹（做功）行程Boththeintakeandexhaustvalvesareclosed.進(jìn)氣門(mén)和排氣門(mén)均關(guān)閉。d）exhauststroke排氣行程Theintakevalveisclosedwhiletheexhaustvalveisopened.進(jìn)氣門(mén)關(guān)閉而排氣門(mén)開(kāi)啟。air

and

fuel

空氣和燃油combustionchamber

燃燒室ExhaustValve（EV

）

排氣門(mén)IntakeValve（IV

）

進(jìn)氣門(mén)piston

活塞spark

plug

火花塞本課新單詞both[b??θ]adj.兩者的，雙方的chamber['t?e?mb?]n.室，腔，燃燒室closed[kl??zd]adj.關(guān)閉的expansion[?k?sp?n?n]n.膨脹combustion[k?m?b?st??n]n.燃燒opened[???p?nd]adj.（打）開(kāi)的induction[?n?d?k?n]n.（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）進(jìn)氣，吸氣operation[??p??re??n]n.操作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，工作stroke[str??k]n.行程，沖程suction[?s?k??n]n.吸入，吸氣，進(jìn)氣travel[?tr?v(?)l]n.行程v.移動(dòng)，行進(jìn)while[wa?l]conj.而，與……同時(shí)n.（一段）時(shí)間work[w??k]n.工作v.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)working[?w??k??]n.工作，做功Main

Terms

About

EnginesStrokereferstopistonmovement.Astrokeoccurswhenthepistonmovesfromoneextremepositiontotheotherextremepositioninsidetheenginecylinder.ThehighestpositionthatthepistonreachesinsidethecylinderiscalledTDC（TopDeadCenter）.Similarly,thelowestpositionthatthepistonreachesinsidethecylinderiscalledBDC（BottomDeadCenter）.SowecanalsosayastrokeispistonmovementfromTDCtoBDCorviceversa.Duringtheinductionstroke,thevolumeofair/fuelmixturesweptintothecylinderbythepiston;thisvolumeiscalledthesweptvolume.Duringthecompressionstroke,thesweptvolumeiscompressedintoasmallspaceabovethepiston.Andatthistime,thepistonreachesthetopofthecylinder.Thespaceiscalledtheclearancevolume.Theclearancevolumeandthesweptvolumedeterminethecompressionratio.閱讀材料閱讀材料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)主要術(shù)語(yǔ)

行程是指活塞的運(yùn)動(dòng)?；钊跉飧桌飶囊活^運(yùn)行到另一頭完成一次行程?；钊\(yùn)行到的最高點(diǎn)叫上止點(diǎn)。同樣，活塞運(yùn)行到的最低點(diǎn)叫下止點(diǎn)。因此我們也可以說(shuō)一次行程就是活塞從上止點(diǎn)到下止點(diǎn)或從下止點(diǎn)到上止點(diǎn)的運(yùn)行過(guò)程。在進(jìn)氣行程中，活塞掃過(guò)的氣缸里燃油混合氣的容積叫作工作容積。在壓縮行程中，活塞到達(dá)上止點(diǎn)時(shí)，氣缸工作容積被壓縮為活塞頂面的一小個(gè)空間，這個(gè)容積稱為燃燒室容積。燃燒室容積和氣缸工作容積決定壓縮比。生詞短語(yǔ)注解call[k??l]v.稱作describe[d?'skra?b]v.描寫(xiě)，敘述determine[d?'t??m?n]v.決定，確定extreme[?k'stri?m]adj.盡頭的，極端的highest[ha??st]adj.最高的（high的最高級(jí)）induction[?n?d?k?n]n.（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）進(jìn)氣，吸氣lowest['l???st]adj.最低的（low的最高級(jí)）main[me?n]adj.主（要）的，總的mixture[?m?kst??]n.混合物move[mu?v]v.移動(dòng)，運(yùn)行movement[?mu?vm?nt]n.運(yùn)動(dòng)，運(yùn)行occur[?'k??(r)]v.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)performance[p??f??m?ns]n.性能，工作情況position[p??z??n]n.位置similarly[?s?m?l?li]adv.同樣地，類(lèi)似于term[t??m]n.術(shù)語(yǔ)；期間clearancevolume余隙容積，（內(nèi)燃機(jī)）燃燒室容積from…to…從……到……referto提及，指的是sweptvolume（氣缸）工作容積，氣缸排量viceversa反之亦然1）TDC

3）sweptvolume

5）exhaust

7）clearancevolume

9）EV

練習(xí)題1.英譯漢2）BDC

4）compressionratio

6）stroke

8）intakevalveclosed

10）IV

gasolineenginecompressiontravelexhaustvalveintakevalvesweptvolumebottomdeadcenterpistontravelclearancevolumecompressionratio工作容積活塞行程下止點(diǎn)排氣門(mén)汽油機(jī)進(jìn)氣門(mén)壓縮行程壓縮比燃燒室容積練習(xí)題2.英漢連線1

）氣缸工作容積

3）上止點(diǎn)

5）四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

7）進(jìn)氣門(mén)開(kāi)啟

練習(xí)題3.漢譯英2）下止點(diǎn)

4）氣門(mén)關(guān)閉

6）燃燒室容積

8）活塞運(yùn)動(dòng)

練習(xí)題4.

寫(xiě)出中國(guó)十大汽車(chē)公司中英文名稱（含合資公司）例如：上海大眾汽車(chē)有限公司ShanghaiVolkswagenAutomotiveCompany

2-3CrankshaftandConnectingRodMechanism，ValveTrain曲軸連桿機(jī)構(gòu)、配氣機(jī)構(gòu)ENALISH1crankshaftpulley曲軸帶輪2crankshafttimingbeltpulley曲軸正時(shí)帶輪3crankshaftsprocket曲軸鏈輪4crankshaft曲軸5crankshaftupperbearing曲軸上軸承6connectingrodtopbearing連桿上軸承7connectingrod連桿8，18connectingrodlowerbearing連桿下軸承9pistonpinretainingring活塞銷(xiāo)擋圈10pistonpin活塞銷(xiāo)11eRING,CMPRNUPR=compressionupperring第一道氣環(huán)，上壓縮環(huán)topcompressionring12ORING,CMPRNLWR=compresionlowerring第二道氣環(huán)，下壓縮環(huán)13oilring油環(huán)14piston活塞15connectingrodbolt連桿螺栓16flywheel飛輪17

ringofcrankshaftpositionsensor

曲軸位置傳感器圈19

connectingrodbearingcap

連桿軸承蓋20

connectingrodnut

連桿螺母21

crankshaftthrusthalfring

曲軸止推半環(huán)22

crankshaftlowerbearing

曲軸下軸承The

crankshaft

and

connecting

rod

mechanism

is

shown

in

Figure

2-4.本課新單詞（一）GM（GeneralMotorsCorporation）

（美）通用汽車(chē)公司bearing['be?r??]n.軸承，支承bolt[b??lt]n.螺栓corporation[?k??p??re??n]n.股份公司，公司general[?d?enr?l]adj.綜合的，通用的half-ring[hɑ?fr??]n.半環(huán)lower[?l???(r)]adj.下部的；低級(jí)的mechanism[?mek?n?z?m]n.機(jī)構(gòu)，機(jī)械nut[n?t]n.螺母retaining[r??te?n??]v.保持［留，有］，維［支］持ring[r??]n.圈，環(huán)（形物）thrust[θr?st]v.推，插入n.推力upper[??p?(r)]adj.上面的；高級(jí)的EngineConstructionModernenginesaredesignedtomeettheperformanceandfuelefficiencydemandsofthepublic.Mostaremadeoflightweight,nonironmaterials(forexample,aluminum,magnesium,fiber-reinforcedplastics),andwithfewerandsmallerfastenerstoholdthingstogether.Fewerfastenersaremadepossibleduetojointdesignsthatoptimizeloadingpatterns.Eachenginetypehasitsowndistinctpersonality,basedonconstructionmaterials,castingconfigurations,anddesign.閱讀材料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)代發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)要適應(yīng)公眾對(duì)性能和燃油效率的要求。大多數(shù)用輕質(zhì)、無(wú)鐵材料（如鋁、鎂、纖維增強(qiáng)塑料）制造；并用較少、較小的緊固件進(jìn)行組合。緊固件的減少在于對(duì)載荷進(jìn)行優(yōu)化的連接設(shè)計(jì)。各類(lèi)型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)都有自己的特性，這種特性是基于材料結(jié)構(gòu)、鑄件結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)計(jì)的。1crankshafttimingpulley曲軸正時(shí)帶輪2timingbelt正時(shí)帶oothedtimingbelt正時(shí)齒帶3waterpumptoothedbeltpulley水泵齒帶輪4tensionerpulley張緊(帶)輪5camshafttimingpulley凸輪軸正時(shí)帶輪6camshaftseal凸輪軸油封7woodruffkey半圓鍵8camshaft(CM/SHF)凸輪軸9tappet挺柱valvelifter(LIFTER,VLV)氣門(mén)液壓挺柱10valvekey(KEY,VLVSTEM)氣門(mén)鎖片11valvespringseat氣門(mén)彈簧座springretainer氣門(mén)彈簧保持器valvespring氣門(mén)彈簧13valvestemseal(SEAL,VLVSTEMOIL)氣門(mén)油封14valveguide(GUIDE,VLV)氣門(mén)導(dǎo)管15、16valveseatring氣門(mén)座圈17exhaustvalve(EXHVLV)排氣門(mén)18intakevalve進(jìn)氣門(mén)ThevalvetrainsystemisshowninFigure2-5.本課新單詞（二）guide[ɡa?d]n.導(dǎo)管key[ki?]n.鍵，（氣門(mén)）鎖片lifter['l?ft?(r)]n.挺柱retainer[r??te?n?(r)]n.保持［定位，夾持］器，保持架seat[si?t]n.座；座椅，座位stem[stem]n.桿tappet['t?p?t]n.挺柱woodruffkey半圓鍵練習(xí)題1.英譯漢1）IV

3）thrustbearing

5）gasolineengine

7）timingbelt

9）upperbearing

2）EV

4）crankshaft#1bearingcap

6）exhaust-gasrecirculation

8）KEY,VLVSTEM

10）enginecomponents

練習(xí)題2.英譯漢a），b），c），d）：overheadvalves(OHV)

b），c），d）：overheadcamshaft(OHC)

b），c）：singleoverheadcamshaft(SOHC)

d）：doubleoverheadcamshaft(DOHC)

1）止推半環(huán)

3）傳感器

5）曲柄角

7）凸輪軸

9）油道

練習(xí)題3.漢譯英2）活塞沖程

4）燃燒室

6）軸承蓋

8）氣門(mén)彈簧

10）曲軸位置傳感器

2-4CoolingSystemandLubricationSystem冷卻系統(tǒng)和潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)ENALISH

liquidcoolingsystem液冷系統(tǒng)

overheatsteam過(guò)熱蒸氣

fromheater來(lái)自取暖器（加熱器）1shield護(hù)罩2crossflowradiator橫流式散熱器3electricfan電風(fēng)扇4beltpulley帶輪5waterpump，coolantpump水泵6cylinderblockjacket氣缸體水套7waterpassageofcylinderhead氣缸蓋水道8jacketbleedinghose水套排氣軟管9throttlehothose節(jié)流熱管10reservoirtankhose膨脹箱軟管11expansiontank,reservoirtank一膨脹箱12reservoirtankcap膨脹箱蓋13outlethose出水軟管14radiatorbleedinghose散熱器排氣軟管15inlethose進(jìn)水軟管16thermalswitchofelectricfan電風(fēng)扇溫控開(kāi)關(guān)ThecoolingsystemisshowninFigure2-7.cooling['ku?l??]n.冷卻adj.冷卻的electric[??lektr?k]adj.電［動(dòng)］的expansion[?k?sp?n?n]n.膨脹fan[f?n]n.風(fēng)扇f(wàn)low[fl??]n.流（動(dòng)）；流量v.流動(dòng)heater[?hi?t?(r)]n.加熱器，取暖器hose[h??z]n.軟管inlet[??nlet]n.進(jìn)口，入口v.進(jìn)入［氣，油，液］liquid[?l?kw?d]n.液體本課新單詞outlet[?a?tlet]n.出口，排出口，排氣口v.排出［氣，油，液］，輸出overheat[???v??hi?t]n.過(guò)熱passage[?p?s?d?]n.通道，通路radiator[?re?die?t?(r)]n.散熱器，（俗稱）水箱reservoir[?rez?vwɑ?(r)]n.儲(chǔ)液器［容器］shield[?i?ld]n.護(hù)板［罩］，防護(hù)物steam[sti?m]n.蒸氣switch[sw?t?]n.開(kāi)關(guān)thermal[?θ??ml]adj.熱（量）的，由于熱的EngineLubricationSystemTheenginehasmanymovingparts.Thepurposeofthelubricationsystemistosupplylubricanttoallthemovingpartsoftheengine.Atthesametime,thesystemseparatestheirsurfaces,reducesfriction,andactasacoolantanddetergent.Thelubricationsystemincludesthefollowingparts:theoilpan,oilpump,mainoilgalleries,oilfilters,oilpressurereliefvalves,oilcoolerandoilsensors.Thepurposeoftheoilpanistoholdtheexcessoilduringoperationandnon-runningconditions.Theoilpumpdeliversanadequatevolumeofoilaroundtheengineatasuitablepressure.Theoilpumpoperatesallthetimewhentheengineisrunning.Theoilfilterisusedtofilterandcleanthedirtparticlesgettingintotheoilwhentheengineruns.Apressureregulatorvalveisusedtokeepthepressurewithintheoilsystemataconstantmaximumvalue.Theoilcoolerhelpstokeeptheoilcool.Oilpressuresensorsareusedtoindicatetherightamountofpressureoftheoilsystem.閱讀材料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有許多可運(yùn)動(dòng)的零件。潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)的作用就是為這些運(yùn)動(dòng)零件提供潤(rùn)滑劑。同時(shí)，潤(rùn)滑劑使兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的零件表面分離開(kāi)來(lái)減少它們之間的摩擦，并作為冷卻液和清潔劑。潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)由以下幾部分組成：油底殼、機(jī)油泵、主油道、機(jī)油濾清器、機(jī)油限壓閥、機(jī)油冷卻器和機(jī)油傳感器。油底殼的作用是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和非運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)情況下儲(chǔ)存額外的機(jī)油。機(jī)油泵的作用是在適當(dāng)?shù)膲毫ο陆o發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)送適量的潤(rùn)滑油。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)機(jī)油泵也同時(shí)在工作。機(jī)油濾清器用來(lái)濾除和清潔發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)帶進(jìn)機(jī)油的塵埃和雜質(zhì)。調(diào)壓閥用來(lái)保持潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)中最大的壓力保持不變。機(jī)油冷卻器使得機(jī)油冷卻。油壓傳感器用來(lái)顯示潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)的適量的壓力。閱讀材料act[?kt]v.擔(dān)任，充當(dāng)adequate['?d?kw?t]adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?，足夠的condition[k?n'd??(?)n]n.情況，狀態(tài)constant['k?nst?nt]adj.不變的，持續(xù)的coolant[?ku?l?nt]n.冷卻液，散熱劑cooler['ku?l?(r)]n.冷卻器detergent[d?'t??d??nt]n.清潔劑，去垢劑dirt[d??t]n.污垢，塵土excess[?k'ses]n.超過(guò)，超額adj.額外的，過(guò)量的following['f?l????]adj.下列的，其次的friction['fr?k?(?)n]n.摩擦，摩擦力indicate['?nd?ke?t]v.指示，顯示生詞短語(yǔ)注解lubricant[?lu?br?k?nt]n.滑潤(rùn)劑moving['mu?v??]adj.移［活，運(yùn)，］動(dòng)的particle['pɑ?t?k(?)l]n.微粒reduce[r?'dju?s]v.減少，降低regulator['reɡj?le?t?(r)]n.調(diào)節(jié)器separate[?sepr?t]adj.分開(kāi)的，分離的suitable['su?t?bl]adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?，相?yīng)的supply[s?'pla?]v.供給，提供value['v?lju?]n.值，價(jià)值actas充當(dāng)；起……作用allthetime一直non-runningcondition非運(yùn)行狀態(tài)練習(xí)題1.漢譯英1）潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)

3）散熱器

5）主油道

7）潤(rùn)滑油

9）冷卻液

2）濾清器

4）機(jī)油泵

6）油底殼

8）泄壓閥

10）加機(jī)油口蓋

1）reliefvalve

3）oilfilter

5）lubricationoil

7）shield

9）mainoilgalley

練習(xí)題2.英譯漢2）drainplug

4）oilpressureswitch

6）bleedinghose

8）crossflowradiator

10）thermalswitch

謝謝觀看！ENALISH汽車(chē)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)ENALISHCHAPTER3

EngineManagement發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)管理電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)柴油機(jī)電控系統(tǒng)排放物控制火花塞與進(jìn)排氣系統(tǒng)?3-1?EFISystem3-2ElectronicDieselControl（EDC）System3-3EmissionControls3-4SparkPlug、IntakeandExhaustSystems

3-1EFISystem電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)ENALISHa）sequentialfuelinjection（SFI）順序多點(diǎn)燃油噴射motronicM3.8.2EFIsystemdiagramM3.8.2噴射/點(diǎn)火協(xié)同管理系統(tǒng)圖（Motronic：博世公司自創(chuàng)詞）multipointfuelinjectionsystem多點(diǎn)燃油噴射系統(tǒng)b）componentslocationdiagram零部件位置圖1fuelpump燃油泵electricfuelpump電動(dòng)燃油泵2fuelfilter燃油濾清器3canister-purgevalve炭罐清除閥EVAPcanisterpurgevalve（蒸發(fā)排放物）一炭罐清除閥CANPsolenoidvalve（canisterpurgesolenoidvalve）炭罐清除電磁閥4（carbon）一canister炭罐EVAPcanister蒸發(fā)排放物炭罐（SAE二推薦用語(yǔ)）charcoal（carbon）一canister活性炭罐5dualsparkignitioncoil雙火花點(diǎn)火線圈6camshaftphasesensor凸輪軸相位傳感器（德國(guó)汽車(chē)業(yè)界用語(yǔ)），camshaftposition(CMP)sensor凸輪軸位置傳感器（SAE推薦用語(yǔ)）Hallsensor霍爾傳感器（大眾公司用語(yǔ)）7injector噴油器8fuelpressureregulator燃油壓力調(diào)節(jié)器9throttlecontroldevice節(jié)氣門(mén)控制裝置throttlecontrolwiththrottlepositionsensor帶節(jié)氣門(mén)位置傳感器的節(jié)氣門(mén)控制裝置10hot-filmair-massmeter熱膜式空氣流量計(jì)11lambdaoxygensensor氧傳感器（德國(guó)汽車(chē)業(yè)界用語(yǔ)）oxygensensor氧傳感器（SAE推薦用語(yǔ)）upstreamoxygensensor上游氧傳感器12coolanttemperaturesensor冷卻液溫度傳感器13knocksensor爆燃傳感器14engine-speedsensor發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器（德國(guó)汽車(chē)業(yè)界用語(yǔ)）crankshaftpositionsensor（CKPS）曲軸位置傳感器15intaketemperaturesensor進(jìn)氣溫度傳感器16enginecontrolunit（ECU）發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制單元（德國(guó)汽車(chē)業(yè)界用語(yǔ)）enginecontrolmodule（ECM）發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制模塊（SAE推薦用語(yǔ)。與PCM相似，但適用后驅(qū)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）17sensor傳感器carbon[?kɑ?b?n]n.炭；碳charcoal[?t?ɑ?k??l]adj.活性的coolant[?ku?l?nt]n.冷卻液electric[?'lektr?k]adj.電的，電動(dòng)的electronic[??lek?tr?n?k]adj.電子的film[f?lm]n.膜，薄膜Hall[h??l]霍爾（霍爾于1879年發(fā)現(xiàn)了霍爾效應(yīng)，Halleffect）high[ha?]adj.高（級(jí)）的n.高（度，級(jí)）hot[h?t]adj.熱的v.給……加溫hot-film熱膜knock[n?k]n.爆燃，爆燃聲v.敲，敲擊lambda[?l?md?]n.拉姆達(dá)（希臘字母中第11個(gè)字母），過(guò)量空氣系數(shù)location[l???ke??n]n.位置main[me?n]adj.主（要）的，總的module[?m?dju?l]n.模塊，組件multipoint['m?lt?p??nt]adj.多點(diǎn)；多點(diǎn)的position[p??z??n]n.位置，姿勢(shì)primary['pra?m?ri]adj.初級(jí)的，第一級(jí)的purge[p??d?]v.清除，凈化，清污n.凈化regulator[?reɡjule?t?(r)]n.調(diào)節(jié)器sequential[s??kwen?l]adj.順序的unit[?ju?n?t]n.單位，單元，模塊upstream[?p?stri?m]adj.上游的The

EFI

system

uses

various

sensors

to

detect

the

operating

conditions

ofthe

engine

and

the

ve-

hicle.

In

accordance

with

the

signals

from

these

sensors,

the

ECU

calculates

the

optimal

fuel

injectionvolume

and

operatestheinjectorsin

orderto

injectthe

proper

volume

offuel.During

ordinary

driving,

the

engine

ECU

determines

the

fuel

injection

volume

to

achieve

the

theoretical

air-fuel

ratio,

ensuring

theproperpower,fuelconsumption,andexhaustemissionlevelssimultaneously.Atothertimes,suchasduringwarm-up,acceleration,deceleration,orhigh-loaddrivingconditions,theengineECUdetectsthoseconditionswiththevarioussensorsandthencorrectsthefuelinjectionvolumetoensureanoptimalair-fuelmixtureatalltimes.EFISystem電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)通過(guò)各種傳感器檢測(cè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和汽車(chē)的工作狀況。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)電控單元根據(jù)各傳感器發(fā)出的信號(hào)計(jì)算出最佳噴油量，控制噴油器噴油，以確保合適的噴油量。在平常行駛中，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制單元通過(guò)控制燃油噴射量，得到理論空燃比，以保證發(fā)動(dòng)的動(dòng)力性、燃油消耗和廢氣排放同時(shí)滿足要求。在暖機(jī)、加速、減速、高負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)等其他工況下，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制單元通過(guò)各種傳感器確定相應(yīng)工況，及時(shí)修正噴油量，以確保在任何時(shí)候都能獲得最佳的空氣燃油混合氣。電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)accordance[??k??d?ns]n.一致，和諧air-fuelmixture空氣-燃油混合氣all[??l]adj.全部的，所有的calculate[?k?lkj?le?t]v.計(jì)算，考慮consumption[k?n?