專題01細(xì)節(jié)理解題TOC\o"13"\h\z\u01析·考點(diǎn)精解 102構(gòu)·知能架構(gòu) 203破·考點(diǎn)攻堅(jiān) 2考點(diǎn)一具體信息定位與匹配 2考點(diǎn)二是非判斷與細(xì)節(jié)辨析 20考點(diǎn)三因果/目的關(guān)系識(shí)別 36考點(diǎn)四數(shù)字與時(shí)間細(xì)節(jié)考查 5301析·考點(diǎn)精解命題軌跡透視細(xì)節(jié)理解題是天津高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的核心題型，占比高、難度中等，主要考查考生對(duì)文章中具體事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)、邏輯關(guān)系等細(xì)節(jié)信息的篩選、定位與理解能力。題目答案多直接或間接源于原文，需精準(zhǔn)匹配信息，避免主觀臆斷?？键c(diǎn)頻次總結(jié)考點(diǎn)2025首考2025二考2024首考2024二考2023首考2023二考2022首考2022二考2021首考2021二考A篇3639364036393640363936403639374036393638B篇40,43414341434144424441,43,44404142,4440,414143C篇46,48,49464946,49474947,4946494548474547,504647,49D篇51525253,5551,5352545153515451,5351,52,55525351542026命題預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)合近年天津高考真題，此類題目常圍繞“具體信息查詢”“是非判斷”“因果關(guān)系”“數(shù)字計(jì)算”等核心考點(diǎn)展開(kāi)。02構(gòu)·知能架構(gòu) 03破·考點(diǎn)攻堅(jiān) 考點(diǎn)一具體信息定位與匹配（2025年天津6月考）Weletoouruniversity’sBotanicGarden—planyourvisit,andfindoutaboutwhatwedo!YoucaneitherpayattheTicketOfficeonarrival,orbookyourticketsonline.Pleasenote:Ticketscannotbeusedonanydateotherthantheonetheywerebookedforandarenonrefundable(不可退款的).GuidelinesforVisitorsTheGardenisanactiveresearchfacilityandalivingmuseumwithacollectionofover8,000plants.Pleasebearinmindsomesimplerulesforyourvisit:OnlytrainedworkingdogsarepermittedtoentertheGarden.Childrenmuststaywithagrownupatalltimes.Stickstrictlytothepathsandlawns(草坪).Donotclimbthetrees.Pleasedonotpickanypartofagrowingplant.CyclingandballgamesarenotpermittedintheGarden.GuidedToursintheGardenWithover8,000plantspeciesandawonderfulrangeofgardensandplantingstoenjoy,thereissomethingforeveryoneattheGarden,andmanydifferentaspectstoappealtoawidevarietyofinterestgroups.◆FreeDropinWeekendToursEnjoyafreeofchargeGardentourwithoneofourexpertguides,takingintheseasonalhighlightsoftheGarden.OurweekendtoursareavailableeverySundayat11:30a.m.and2p.m.throughouttheyear.DuringthemonthsofJanuaryandFebruarythesetoursfocusontheWinterGarden,Snowdropsandgeneralwinterinterest.ThefreetourslastonehourandstartfromtheFountain,neartheMainLawn.GroupToursOurexperiencedvolunteerguideswillhelpyouenjoythehighlightsandprovidesomeofthebackgroundhistoryanddevelopmentofthisamazinggarden.These90minute,prebookabletoursareidealforadultgroupswishingtomakethemostoftheirvisittoour40acresite.PleasevisittheGroupGuidedTourspageformoredetails.36．WhatshouldapotentialvisitortakenoteofbeforebookingatickettotheGarden?A．Whetheronecanaffordthevisit.B．WhethertheGardenwebsiteisaccessible.C．Whetheronecanaccepttheticketbookingpolicy.D．WhethertheticketsarestillavailableattheTicketOffice.37．AkidisallowedtovisittheGardenwhentheyare.A．welltrained B．withabicycleC．a(chǎn)cpaniedbyanadult D．guidedbytheirworkingdog38．WhatbehaviourisacceptableintheGarden?A．Pickingaflower. B．Climbingatree.C．Playingaballgame. D．Walkingonthelawns.39．Wheredothefreedropinweekendtoursstart?A．Snowdrops. B．TheFountain.C．TheMainLawn. D．TheWinterGarden.40．Whatspecialservicecanvisitorsenjoyonthegrouptour?A．Thepanyofprofessionalguides.B．TheexplanationofhowtheGardenworks.C．TheextendedvisitinandaroundtheGarden.D．TheintroductiontothebirthandgrowthoftheGarden.命題解讀新情境：真實(shí)場(chǎng)景下的實(shí)用文本，貼合高考命題導(dǎo)向1.文本選材：聚焦生活化、功能性場(chǎng)景本文選取“高校植物園參觀指南”這一真實(shí)場(chǎng)景文本，屬于“公共服務(wù)類說(shuō)明文體”，完全契合高考英語(yǔ)“語(yǔ)篇選材貼近學(xué)生生活、社會(huì)實(shí)際和時(shí)代發(fā)展”的命題原則。文本涵蓋購(gòu)票規(guī)則、游客須知、導(dǎo)覽服務(wù)等實(shí)用信息，模擬了學(xué)生在校園生活、社會(huì)實(shí)踐中可能接觸到的真實(shí)情境，打破了傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解中單純的記敘文、議論文選材局限，突出語(yǔ)言的“工具性”和“實(shí)用性”。2.情境價(jià)值：強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用的真實(shí)意義該文本的核心功能是“指導(dǎo)游客規(guī)范參觀、選擇合適服務(wù)”，學(xué)生閱讀的過(guò)程本質(zhì)上是“解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題”的過(guò)程——如如何購(gòu)票、帶兒童參觀需注意什么、選擇哪種導(dǎo)覽服務(wù)等。這種情境設(shè)置徹底摒棄了“為做題而閱讀”的應(yīng)試導(dǎo)向，轉(zhuǎn)向“用閱讀解決真實(shí)問(wèn)題”的能力考查，呼應(yīng)了高考“培養(yǎng)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，服務(wù)終身發(fā)展”的核心目標(biāo)。新考法：從細(xì)節(jié)定位到高階思維，凸顯能力分層考查1.基礎(chǔ)考法：細(xì)節(jié)定位的“精準(zhǔn)化”升級(jí)傳統(tǒng)細(xì)節(jié)題多為“點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)”的簡(jiǎn)單匹配，而本文題目在細(xì)節(jié)考查上更注重“精準(zhǔn)理解”。如第37題考查“兒童入園條件”，原文表述為“Childrenmuststaywithagrownupatalltimes”，選項(xiàng)C“acpaniedbyanadult”是同義替換，而干擾項(xiàng)A將“工作犬需訓(xùn)練”的規(guī)則偷換為“兒童需訓(xùn)練”，要求學(xué)生不僅能找到對(duì)應(yīng)句，還需精準(zhǔn)區(qū)分規(guī)則適用對(duì)象，避免概念混淆。2.進(jìn)階考法：從“信息提取”到“信息加工”本文題目跳出單純的細(xì)節(jié)查找，側(cè)重對(duì)信息的加工處理，體現(xiàn)高考對(duì)高階思維的考查：規(guī)則理解與應(yīng)用：第36題“預(yù)訂門(mén)票前需注意什么”，并非直接定位某一句細(xì)節(jié)，而是要求學(xué)生整合“門(mén)票僅限預(yù)訂日期使用、不可退款”的規(guī)則，歸納為“購(gòu)票政策”，考查學(xué)生對(duì)規(guī)則的整體理解和歸納能力。反向篩選與判斷：第38題“園內(nèi)可接受的行為”，需要學(xué)生逐一排除“采摘、爬樹(shù)、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)”等禁止行為，鎖定“在草坪行走”這一允許行為，屬于“反向推理”考法，要求學(xué)生具備對(duì)文本信息的反向甄別能力。對(duì)比分析與差異識(shí)別：第40題“團(tuán)體導(dǎo)覽的專屬服務(wù)”，需要學(xué)生對(duì)比“免費(fèi)導(dǎo)覽”和“團(tuán)體導(dǎo)覽”的服務(wù)內(nèi)容，排除兩者共有的“導(dǎo)游陪同”，鎖定團(tuán)體導(dǎo)覽特有的“歷史與發(fā)展講解”，考查學(xué)生的信息對(duì)比和邏輯判斷能力。3.考法本質(zhì)：指向“語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力”的核心考查所有題目均圍繞“游客在參觀過(guò)程中可能遇到的實(shí)際問(wèn)題”展開(kāi)，如購(gòu)票、帶娃參觀、選擇導(dǎo)覽服務(wù)等，學(xué)生做題的過(guò)程就是“模擬解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題”的過(guò)程。這種考法徹底擺脫了對(duì)文本字面意思的機(jī)械考查，轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)φZ(yǔ)言實(shí)用功能的考查，符合高考“從知識(shí)立意到能力立意”的轉(zhuǎn)型方向。新角度：干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置與考查維度的創(chuàng)新1.干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置：更具迷惑性，側(cè)重邏輯誤導(dǎo)本文題目干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置不再是簡(jiǎn)單的“與原文不符”，而是采用更隱蔽的邏輯誤導(dǎo)方式，精準(zhǔn)擊中學(xué)生的思維漏洞。2.考查維度：從“語(yǔ)言知識(shí)”到“思維品質(zhì)”的延伸本文題目不僅考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言理解能力，更滲透對(duì)思維品質(zhì)的考查：邏輯思維：第38題的反向篩選、第40題的服務(wù)對(duì)比，均需學(xué)生進(jìn)行清晰的邏輯推理，排除干擾，鎖定正確答案。批判性思維：干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置要求學(xué)生不輕易相信選項(xiàng)表述，而是回歸原文進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，避免“想當(dāng)然”的主觀判斷，培養(yǎng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)呐行运季S。實(shí)用思維：題目均圍繞真實(shí)參觀場(chǎng)景中的實(shí)際問(wèn)題，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生用“實(shí)用視角”閱讀文本，提取對(duì)自己有用的信息，體現(xiàn)“學(xué)以致用”的思維導(dǎo)向?！敬鸢浮?6．C37．C38．D39．B40．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹大學(xué)植物園的購(gòu)票規(guī)則、游客需遵守的規(guī)定，還提及免費(fèi)周末導(dǎo)覽和需預(yù)約的團(tuán)體導(dǎo)覽，助力游客規(guī)劃參觀。36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ticketscannotbeusedonanydateotherthantheonetheywerebookedforandarenonrefundable(不可退款的).(這些票只能在預(yù)訂的日期使用，其他日期不可使用，而且一經(jīng)售出不予退款)”可知，在預(yù)訂前往花園的門(mén)票之前，潛在游客應(yīng)該注意是否能接受該門(mén)票預(yù)訂政策。故選C。37．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GuidelinesforVisitors部分“Childrenmuststaywithagrownupatalltimes.(孩子們?nèi)魏螘r(shí)候都必須由成年人陪同)”可知，孩子由成人陪同下可以進(jìn)入花園。故選C。38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GuidelinesforVisitors部分“Stickstrictlytothepathsandlawns(草坪).(一定要沿著人行道和草坪行走)”可知，在草坪上行走是被允許的。故選D。39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)◆FreeDropinWeekendTours部分“ThefreetourslastonehourandstartfromtheFountain,neartheMainLawn.(免費(fèi)導(dǎo)覽活動(dòng)時(shí)長(zhǎng)一小時(shí)，從靠近主草坪的噴泉處開(kāi)始)”可知，免費(fèi)的周末旅游從噴泉處開(kāi)始。故選B。40．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ourexperiencedvolunteerguideswillhelpyouenjoythehighlightsandprovidesomeofthebackgroundhistoryanddevelopmentofthisamazinggarden.(我們經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的志愿者導(dǎo)游會(huì)幫助您領(lǐng)略這座花園的精華之處，并為您介紹一些有關(guān)這座神奇花園的歷史背景和發(fā)展歷程)”可知，團(tuán)體游中游客可以享受到介紹花園的誕生與成長(zhǎng)。故選D。（2023年天津3月考）STUDENTEMPLOYMENTONCAMPUSAllstudentsmayapplytoworkoncampus.GettingstartedBeforestartinganyposition,allstudentsneedtopleterequiredtaformsandshowidentification.Internationalstudentsalsoneed:*SocialSecuritycard

*Bank

account*Valid

passport

*Officialworkpermit*LetterofsupportfromtheofficeofInternationalStudentLifeLookingforajobonHandshakeHandshakeisanonlinejobsearchplatformforcollegestudents.WithaHandshakeaccount,studentscanreceiveinformationaboutcareereventsandpersonalizedjobremendations.TouseHandshake,justfollowthesesteps:*LogintoHandshakeusingyouremailaddressalreadyprovidedbythecollege.*pletepersonalizationofyourprofile.*Startyourjobsearchbyclicking“Jobs”button.*Filloutdesiredinformation:location,jobtype,etc.*Applydirectlybyclicking“ApplyNow”button.Youcanalsomakeappointmentstomeetwithacareercoach,accesscareerresources,andexplorecareersthatinterestyou.Oncampusjobsavailableforstudents*Academicdepartmentassistant(FlexibleworkinghoursonMonday/Thursday)*Diningservices(Lunchtimeonweekdays)*Libraryassistant(FlexibleworkinghoursonMonday/Wednesday/Friday)*Bookstore/mailroom(9:0012:00atweekends)*Athleticdepartment(18:0022:00onweekdays)Maximumworkinghours*Duringthesemester(學(xué)期),domesticstudentscanworkamaximumof10hoursaweek;internationalstudentscanworkamaximumof20hoursaweek.*Duringthesummerbreak,astudentmaynotworkmorethan30hoursaweek.*Thetotalnumberofhoursmaynotexceed(超過(guò))themaximumhoursallowedevenifastudenthasmorethanonejob.Formoreinformation,findusatCareerDevelopmentOffice,211HughesHall;,555520131434．Whatdocumentsarenecessaryforaninternationalstudenttoseekemployment?A．PassportandInsuranceCertificate.B．WorkpermitandAcademicreport.C．BankaccountandLetterofsupport.D．HealthCertificateandSocialSecuritycard.35．BeforesearchingforajobonHandshake,youneedto_________.A．consultacareercoach B．personalizeyourprofileC．a(chǎn)ttendjobtraining D．setupanewemailaccount36．WherecouldyouworkonTuesdayevenings?A．Intheathleticdepartment. B．Inthedininghall.C．Inthelibrary. D．Inthebookstore.37．Whichworkingarrangementisallowedforadomesticstudent?A．40hoursperweekduringthesummerbreak.B．20hoursperweekduringthesemester.C．2jobs,eachwith16hoursperweek.D．3jobs,eachwith2hoursperweek.【答案】34．C35．B36．A37．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了學(xué)生在校園里做兼職的一些情況。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Internationalstudentsalsoneed:*SocialSecuritycard*Bank

account*Valid

passport*Officialworkpermit*LetterofsupportfromtheofficeofInternationalStudentLife(國(guó)際學(xué)生還需要：*社會(huì)保障卡*銀行賬戶*有效護(hù)照*正式工作許可證*國(guó)際學(xué)生生活辦公室的介紹信)”可知，國(guó)際學(xué)生尋找工作需要銀行賬戶和介紹信。故選C。35．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LookingforajobonHandshake部分下的“TouseHandshake,justfollowthesesteps:*LogintoHandshakeusingyouremailaddressalreadyprovidedbythecollege.*pletepersonalizationofyourprofile.*Startyourjobsearchbyclicking“Jobs”button.(要使用Handshake，只需遵循以下步驟：*使用學(xué)院提供的電子郵件地址登錄到Handshake。*使你的個(gè)人資料完全個(gè)性化。*點(diǎn)擊“職位”按鈕開(kāi)始搜尋工作。)”可知，在Handshake上尋找工作之前，你需要使你的個(gè)人資料完全個(gè)性化。故選B。36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Maximumworkinghours上面的句子“*Athleticdepartment(18:0022:00onweekdays)(*體育部（工作日下午18時(shí)至22時(shí)）)”可知，在周二晚上你可以在體育部工作，故選A。37．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Maximumworkinghours下面的“Duringthesemester(學(xué)期),domesticstudentscanworkamaximumof10hoursaweek;internationalstudentscanworkamaximumof20hoursaweek.(本學(xué)期國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)生每周最多工作10小時(shí)，國(guó)際學(xué)生每周最多工作20小時(shí)。)”和“Thetotalnumberofhoursmaynotexceed(超過(guò))themaximumhoursallowedevenifastudenthasmorethanonejob.(即使一個(gè)學(xué)生有一份以上的工作，總學(xué)時(shí)也不得超過(guò)規(guī)定的最高學(xué)時(shí)。)”可知，即使國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)生有多份工作，每周最多工作總量不得超過(guò)10個(gè)小時(shí)，所以D項(xiàng)“3份工作，每份每周工作2小時(shí)。”是被允許的，總共3*2=6，不超過(guò)十小時(shí)，故選D?？键c(diǎn)解讀要求考生根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞（如人名、地名、時(shí)間、數(shù)字、核心名詞/動(dòng)詞等），快速在原文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)信息句，再對(duì)比選項(xiàng)與原文細(xì)節(jié)，選出一致答案。天津高考中此類題目占比最高，答案多為原文信息的同義改寫(xiě)或直接提取。真題示例1（2025年天津3月考）36．HowmanywordsarerequiredfortheentriestothepetitionsponsoredbyMoniackMhorCentre?A．Upto300.B．2,500to5,000.C．15,000to20,000.D．Atleast50,000.原文定位：“TheCaledoniaNovelAward”部分：“Allentriesmustbeoriginalmanuscriptsatleast50,000wordslongbyunpublishedwriters.ThereisaspecialprizeofafreeplaceonacreativewritingcourseatMoniackMhorCentre,thesponsorofthepetition.”解析：題干關(guān)鍵詞：“MoniackMhorCentre”“wordsrequired”。定位原文后發(fā)現(xiàn)，該中心贊助的比賽要求參賽作品“至少5萬(wàn)字”，直接匹配選項(xiàng)D。真題示例2（2025年天津6月考）39．Wheredothefreedropinweekendtoursstart?A．Snowdrops.B．TheFountain.C．TheMainLawn.D．TheWinterGarden.原文定位：“FreeDropinWeekendTours”部分：“ThefreetourslastonehourandstartfromtheFountain,neartheMainLawn.”解析：題干關(guān)鍵詞“freedropinweekendtours”“start”，定位原文后直接找到起點(diǎn)為“TheFountain”，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B。真題示例3（2023年天津6月考）41．WhatfascinatedTaraduringherschoolorchestra'sdemonstration?A．Thetuneoftheflutes. B．Thebeatofthedrums.C．Thesoundoftheviolin. D．Themannerofthemusicians.原文定位：第六段最后兩句“Buttheviolin…ah,theviolin.ItmadethesweetestsoundI'deverheard!Myheartwasdancingalongwithitsflowingtune.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iwentsowildwithjoy.”解析：題干關(guān)鍵詞“fascinated”“schoolorchestra'sdemonstration”，定位原文可知小提琴的聲音讓作者癡迷，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C。（2526高三上·天津靜?！て谥校㏒ummerprogramsareavailabletostudentsuponapplication.Pleaseconsultindividualcoursedescriptionsforrestrictionsandrequirements.★IntensiveBeginningSwahiliIntensiveBeginningSwahiliissummerabroadcourseforstudentswhohavenopriorproficiency(熟練)intheSwahililanguage.ThecourseistaughtmSwahiliandfocusesonacquiringbeginnerlevelskillstoperformbasicmunicationfunctionsinthecultureofSwahilispeakers.Opentocurrentfirstyearundergraduates,sophomoresandjuniors.Days:25June—20August★IntermediateChineseThiscourseisafourweeksummerintensivelanguagecourse,conductedinpersonatPrincetonTheologicalSeminary.StudentsworkondevelopingastrongfoundationformodernspokenandwrittenChinese,withemphasisonthereadingofcontemporaryChinesedialogue.Enrollmentbyapplicationorinterview.Days:10July—6August★StudiesinSpanishLanguageandStyleThisisanintensive,fullimmersecourseinSpanishlanguageandArgentinehistory,cultureandart.Studentsdevelopadvancedlanguageskillswhilestudyinglanguageincontext,throughtheexplorationofthecityofBuenosAires,itsarchitecture,museums,andcultureandpoliticallife.OpentostudentswhohavepletedtheSpanishlanguagerequirement.Days:18July—20August★AcceleratedSummerStudyTaughtattheScuolaNormaleSuperiorePisa,Italy,thecoursewillbeteamtaughtbyaresidentPrincetonfacultyandanSNSfacultymember.Thecourseisdesignedtoincreasestudents’writingandspeakinglanguageabilityproficiencylevelsandenablestudentstounderstandItalianculture,historyandliteraturewhileexploringtheforeigncity.Notopentoseniors.Days:24July—24August1．Ifyousubmittheapplicationforsummerprograms,whatshouldyoudo?A．Consulttheteachersinchargeofthedifferentcourses.B．Improveyourlanguageproficiencyandculturalawareness.C．Acquiremoredetailedinformationaboutthecourses.D．Refertothelimitationsandqualificationsofeachcourse.2．WhatcanthestudentstakingIntermediateChinesedo?A．LearnclassicalChinese. B．Sharpenstudents’skills.C．PracticespokenChinese. D．Attendonlinelectures.3．Whatdothelasttwocourseshaveinmon?A．TheylastforthewholemonthofJuly. B．Theyareopentoanycollegestudent.C．Theyfollowtheideaoflearningbydoing. D．Theyaretaughtinthesametargetlanguage.4．Wherecanyouprobablyfindthepassage?A．Inageographicalmagazine. B．Inatravelbrochure.C．Inanacademicjournal. D．Onacollegewebsite.【答案】1．D2．C3．C4．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四門(mén)大學(xué)暑期語(yǔ)言課程（斯瓦希里語(yǔ)、漢語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)、意大利語(yǔ)）的招募信息，包括課程特色、申請(qǐng)要求、時(shí)間安排等。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Summerprogramsareavailabletostudentsuponapplication.Pleaseconsultindividualcoursedescriptionsforrestrictionsandrequirements.(暑期課程面向?qū)W生開(kāi)放，申請(qǐng)即可參與。請(qǐng)查閱各課程描述以了解限制條件和要求。)”可知，如果你提交暑期課程的申請(qǐng)，你應(yīng)該查閱每個(gè)課程的限制和條件。故選D項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)★IntermediateChinese中“StudentsworkondevelopingastrongfoundationformodernspokenandwrittenChinese,withemphasisonthereadingofcontemporaryChinesedialogue.(學(xué)生努力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面語(yǔ)的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，重點(diǎn)是當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)對(duì)話的閱讀。)”可知，學(xué)習(xí)中級(jí)漢語(yǔ)的學(xué)生可以練習(xí)漢語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。故選C項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)★StudiesinSpanishLanguageandStyle中“Studentsdevelopadvancedlanguageskillswhilestudyinglanguageincontext,throughtheexplorationofthecityofBuenosAires,itsarchitecture,museums,andcultureandpoliticallife.(學(xué)生通過(guò)探索布宜諾斯艾利斯市、它的建筑、博物館、文化和政治生活，在語(yǔ)境中學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，同時(shí)發(fā)展高級(jí)語(yǔ)言技能。)”以及★AcceleratedSummerStudy中“Thecourseisdesignedtoincreasestudents’writingandspeakinglanguageabilityproficiencylevelsandenablestudentstounderstandItalianculture,historyandliteraturewhileexploringtheforeigncity.(本課程旨在提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言寫(xiě)作和口語(yǔ)能力熟練程度，使學(xué)生在探索異國(guó)城市的同時(shí)了解意大利的文化、歷史和文學(xué)。)”可知，兩門(mén)課程均強(qiáng)調(diào)“通過(guò)實(shí)地探索（探索城市、博物館等）學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言和文化”，由此可知，共同之處是它們都遵循在實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)的理念。故選C項(xiàng)。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“Summerprogramsareavailabletostudentsuponapplication.Pleaseconsultindividualcoursedescriptionsforrestrictionsandrequirements.(暑期課程可供學(xué)生申請(qǐng)。請(qǐng)查閱各個(gè)課程的限制和要求。)”可知，文章介紹的是針對(duì)大學(xué)生的暑期海外課程/校內(nèi)密集課程，包含課程對(duì)象“currentfirstyearundergraduates,sophomoresandjuniors(當(dāng)前大一、大二和大三學(xué)生。)”、申請(qǐng)要求、時(shí)間等信息，符合“大學(xué)官網(wǎng)發(fā)布課程通知”的場(chǎng)景。故選D項(xiàng)。（2021高三下·天津·階段練習(xí)）WhileflatbreadhasahistorythatdatesbacktoancientEgypt,realpizza—pizzawithtomatosauce—wasinventedinNaples,Italy.Legendholdsthatpizzamargherita—filledwithtomato,cheese,andbasil,intheredwhiteandgreenofItaly’sflag—wasfirstcreatedbyNaples’PizzeriaBranditohonorQueenMargheritaofItalyduringan1886visit.Today,ofcourse,thereareallkindsofpizzashapes,sizesandflavorsaroundtheworld,buttheoriginalNeapolitanpizzaisround,withasoft,thincenterandthinker,crunchiersides.Youshouldbeabletofolditinfourandeatitlikeacrepe.Andthat'sthedelicioustreatthat'snowupforprotectionasanirreplaceablepieceofglobalhumanheritage:Thisyear,Italyisputting"theartoftheNeopolitanpizzamaker"onthelistofcandidatestobeetreasuresofworldheritagerecognizedbytheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationUniversallyrecognizable,"pizza"happenstototheItalianlanguage'sbestknownword,butthatdoesn'tmeanit'sashooin."UNESCOhasneverlistedaculturaltraditionlinkedtofoodproduction,"PeirluigiPetrillo,whopreparedthedocumentstobediscussedatUNESCO,toldTheLocal.TheEuropeanUnionincludedpizzainitsofficiallistof“guaranteedtraditionalspecialities”in2016.Thelistspecifiesthatanypizzacalled“Neapolitan”mustbenomorethan35cmwide,withcrustofupto2cmhigh,toppedwithcannedtomatoes,cheesefromNaples,Campaniaregion,oilandbasil.Thepizzamustbecookedinawoodenoven,andbeelasticandsoft.ItalyalsosaysthatithasmoreUNESCOrecognizedculturaltreasuresthananyothercountry.Thefinaldecisiononwhetherpizzamakingmakesonemorewillbeannouncedin2022,afterdiscussionwithall193UNmemberstates.5．Pizzamargheritagotsuchanamebecause________.A．QueenMargheritagaveitthename B．itwasspeciallycreatedforQueenMargheritaC．itwascreatedinQueenMargherita’stime D．QueenMargheritalikedeatingitverymuch6．ThisyearItalyisgoingtomake________.A．Neapolitanpizzaknownintheworld B．NeapolitanpizzasoldallovertheworldC．thepizzamakingartbeeaworldheritage D．Neapolitanpizzabethoughthighlyof7．WhatconclusioncanbedrawnaccordingtowhatPierluigiPetrillosaid?A．NeapolitanpizzaisonlywellknowninItalyB．Neapolitanpizzawillberecognizedintheworld.C．ThedreamofItalyissuretoetruein2022.D．NeapolitanpizzamightberefusedbyUNESCO.8．Pizzaincludedinthelistof“guaranteedtraditionalspecialities”________.A．hasspecificrequirements B．willbeepopularnextyearC．mustbeadmittedbyUNESCO D．mustbecreatedbyNaples’PizzeriaBrandi9．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanyouprobablyfindthepassage?A．TravelandSightseeing B．FoodandCultureC．EconomyandFinance D．RecreationandRelaxation【答案】5．B6．C7．D8．A9．B【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了意大利那不勒斯發(fā)明了真正的披薩，今年意大利將使制作披薩的藝術(shù)成為世界遺產(chǎn)。文章說(shuō)明了人們對(duì)此的看法以及對(duì)于要列入“保證傳統(tǒng)特色”名單的披薩的一些要求。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Legendholdsthatpizzamargherita—filledwithtomato,cheese,andbasil,intheredwhiteandgreenofItaly’sflag—wasfirstcreatedbyNaples’PizzeriaBranditohonorQueenMargheritaofItalyduringan1886visit.(相傳這種披薩是由那不勒斯的布蘭迪披薩店為了紀(jì)念1886年來(lái)訪的意大利女王瑪格麗特而發(fā)明的，披薩里滿是西紅柿、奶酪和羅勒，披薩是意大利國(guó)旗的紅白綠三色)”可知，瑪格麗塔披薩之所以有這樣一個(gè)名字，是因?yàn)樗菫楝敻覃愃跆刂频?。故選B。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thisyear,Italyisputting"theartoftheNeopolitanpizzamaker"onthelistofcandidatestobeetreasuresofworldheritagerecognizedbytheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO).(今年，意大利將“那不勒斯披薩制作藝術(shù)”列入聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織認(rèn)可的世界遺產(chǎn)遺產(chǎn)名錄)”可知，今年，意大利將使制作披薩的藝術(shù)成為世界遺產(chǎn)。故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中““UNESCOhasneverlistedaculturaltraditionlinkedtofoodproduction,”P(pán)ierluigiPetrillo,whoofferedthematerialtobediscussedatUNESCO,toldTheLocal,anEnglishlanguagedigitalnewspublisher.(“教科文組織從未將與食品生產(chǎn)相關(guān)的文化傳統(tǒng)列入名單，”提供材料供教科文組織討論的PierluigiPetrillo告訴英文數(shù)字新聞出版商TheLocal)”可推知，根據(jù)PierluigiPetrillo所說(shuō)，可以得出那不勒斯披薩可能會(huì)被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織拒絕的結(jié)論。故選D。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TheEuropeanUnionincludedpizzainitsofficiallistof"guaranteedtraditionalspecialities"in2016.Thelistspecifiesthatanypizzacalled"Neapolitan"mustbenomorethan35cmwide,withcrustofupto2cmhigh,toppedwithcannedtomatoes,cheesefromNaples,Campaniaregion,oilandbasil.Thepizzamustbecookedinawoodenoven,andbeelasticandsoft.(2016年，歐盟將披薩列入了官方的“保證傳統(tǒng)特色”名單。這份清單規(guī)定，任何名為“那不勒斯”的披薩，寬度不得超過(guò)35厘米，皮厚不超過(guò)2厘米，頂上放有罐裝西紅柿、坎帕尼亞地區(qū)產(chǎn)的奶酪、油和羅勒。披薩必須在木制烤箱里煮，而且要有彈性和柔軟)”可知，列入“保證傳統(tǒng)特色”名單的披薩有特定的要求。故選A。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“WhileflatbreadhasahistorythatdatesbacktoancientEgypt,realpizza—pizzawithtomatosauce—wasinventedinNaples,Italy.(面餅的歷史可以追溯到古埃及，而真正的披薩——加番茄醬的披薩——是在意大利的那不勒斯發(fā)明的)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了意大利那不勒斯發(fā)明了真正的披薩，今年意大利將使制作披薩的藝術(shù)成為世界遺產(chǎn)。文章說(shuō)明了人們對(duì)此的看法以及對(duì)于要列入“保證傳統(tǒng)特色”名單的披薩的一些要求?？赏浦?，你可能在雜志的“飲食文化”部分找到這篇文章。故選B。（2026·天津·一模）The20thcenturywasafamouslyfruitfultimeforvisionsofthefuture,butthe21stcenturyhasfailedtoinspiretheminthesameway.SciencefictionwriterWilliamGibsonhascalledthis“futurefatigue”,pointingoutthatwebarelyevermakereferencetothe22ndcentury.Onereasonisthatmostoftheideasofthefuturethatcapturedpeople’simaginationsinthe20thcenturyhavemutatedsincethen.Plastic,forexample,oncebilledasthematerialofthefuture,hasbeeanenvironmentalandhealthcrisis—itsdurabilityandabundanceturneddownsides.Thedominantimagesofthefuturethatwearepresentedwithatthemomentallhavelonghistoriestothem.Theyincludespacecolonization,dystopianartificialintelligenceandalongingtobringbackthepast—butapastthatneverwas.Thismakessensegiventheclimateanxietyanddreadaboutthefuturefeltbymanypeople.Thefuturehasstartedtofeellikeitisclosingoffratherthanopeningout.JeanLouisMissika,aformerdeputymayorofParis,haswrittenthat“whenthefutureisdark,peopleturntoanidealisedpast,alostgoldenage.Nostalgia(懷舊)beesarefugeagainstdangers,acocoonagainsttheannounceddeclines.”It’snotthatabsolutelynonewfuturevisionshaveemergedthiscentury.Butitisnotablethatnomajor,forwardlookingfuturevisionshavetakenrootinourcollectiveimaginationsincesmartphonescametodominateourwayofmunicating.Ithinkaboutthefutureforalivinganditismyexperiencethatunifiedvisionsofdesirablefuturescaninspirepeopletobringaboutchange.Theyactasmotivatorsandimaginationengines.Wecanusethemtovisualisethesocietywewantandthenmittoworktowardsthatfuture.Unifyingvisionsofthefuturearealsoeffectivelyusedinarchitecturalpictures,adsandTVshows;StarTrekhasinspiredtechnologistsfordecades.We’reinacrucialtransition—fromfossilfuelstorenewables.Thiscanfeelterrifying,butalsomotivating.Thereareplentyofhotspotsofinnovationtoday:lookattheriseofrooftopsolarenergyinPakistan,wherehouseholdsandsmallbusinessesareenergeticallyembarkingontheshifttorenewables.Butwelackintegration:futurethinkingthatassemblestheseinnovationstogetherintounifiedvisions,putstheminasocialcontextandthenconstructsfromthepresentintothefuture.Inmynewbook,Ilookatfourfuturevisionsbeingdevelopedtoday:morethanhumanfuturesreimaginesourrelationshipwithnature;degrowthredesignstheroleoftheeconomy;solarpunkrechargesculturalinnovation;andthemetaverseimmersesusinvividdigitalworlds.Butthefuturedoesn’tstopwiththese—thereshouldbemanymorevisionsemerging.Weneedtoseedthem,growthemandseewhatshapetheytakewhenwetellstoriesofthefutureonceagain.10．Whydoesfuturefailtoattractpeopleinthe21stcentury?A．Becausenostalgiareplaceshopefortomorrow.B．Becauseitrepeatsolddreamsinthe20thcentury.C．Because20thcenturyvisionshaveturnedproblematic.D．Becauseclimatefearhasdestroyedpeople’sconfidence.11．Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A．Theenergyshiftplaysakeyroleinfuturethinking.B．Lookingbackwardhelpsbuildstrongermunities.C．Theabsenceofsharedvisionsholdsbackfutureprogress.D．Rapidtechnologicalgrowthhasrestoredpeople’soptimism.12．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofunifiedfuturevisions?A．Theyaremainlyreflectedinsciencefictionworks.B．Theycanencouragepeopletoworkforsocialchange.C．Theyhavebeenreplacedbydigitalworldexperiences.D．Theyarelesseffectivethanindividualinnovativeideas.13．Regardingthe“futurefatigue”,theauthoris________.A．concerned B．critical C．doubtful D．a(chǎn)pproving14．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?A．Toexplainwhy“futurefatigue”exists.B．Topromotehernewbookaboutfuturevisions.C．Towarnagainstwidespreadfatiguetowardsfuture.D．Toinspirecollectiveimaginationoffuturenarratives.【答案】10．C11．C12．B13．A14．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要探討了21世紀(jì)人們?nèi)狈?duì)未來(lái)的憧憬這一現(xiàn)象，分析了原因，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了統(tǒng)一未來(lái)愿景的重要性，最后呼吁人們共同構(gòu)建對(duì)未來(lái)的想象。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Onereasonisthatmostoftheideasofthefuturethatcapturedpeople’simaginationsinthe20thcenturyhavemutatedsincethen.Plastic,forexample,oncebilledasthematerialofthefuture,hasbeeanenvironmentalandhealthcrisis—itsdurabilityandabundanceturneddownsides.(原因之一是，20世紀(jì)吸引人們想象的未來(lái)構(gòu)想大多已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化。例如，塑料曾被宣傳為未來(lái)的材料，但現(xiàn)在已成為環(huán)境和健康危機(jī)——它的耐用性和豐富性變成了缺點(diǎn)。)”可知，21世紀(jì)的未來(lái)無(wú)法吸引人們是因?yàn)?0世紀(jì)的愿景已經(jīng)變得有問(wèn)題。故選C項(xiàng)。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Butwelackintegration:futurethinkingthatassemblestheseinnovationstogetherintounifiedvisions,putstheminasocialcontextandthenconstructsfromthepresentintothefuture.(但我們?nèi)狈φ希簩⑺羞@些創(chuàng)新整合成統(tǒng)一的愿景的未來(lái)思維，將它們置于社會(huì)背景中，然后從現(xiàn)在構(gòu)建到未來(lái)。)”可知，我們?nèi)狈φ?，缺乏共同的愿景阻礙了未來(lái)的進(jìn)步。故選C項(xiàng)。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第五段“Ithinkaboutthefutureforalivinganditismyexperiencethatunifiedvisionsofdesirablefuturescaninspirepeopletobringaboutchange.Theyactasmotivatorsandimaginationengines.Wecanusethemtovisualisethesocietywewantandthenmittoworktowardsthatfuture.(我以思考未來(lái)為生，我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是，對(duì)理想未來(lái)的統(tǒng)一愿景可以激勵(lì)人們帶來(lái)改變。它們是激勵(lì)者和想象力引擎。我們可以用它們來(lái)想象我們想要的社會(huì)，然后致力于實(shí)現(xiàn)那個(gè)未來(lái)。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為統(tǒng)一的未來(lái)愿景可以鼓勵(lì)人們?yōu)樯鐣?huì)變革而努力。故選B項(xiàng)。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butthefuturedoesn’tstopwiththese—thereshouldbemanymorevisionsemerging.Weneedtoseedthem,growthemandseewhatshapetheytakewhenwetellstoriesofthefutureonceagain.(但未來(lái)不會(huì)止步于此——應(yīng)該有更多的愿景出現(xiàn)。我們需要播種它們，培育它們，看看當(dāng)我們?cè)俅沃v述未來(lái)的故事時(shí)，它們會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出什么樣的形態(tài)。)”可知，作者對(duì)于“未來(lái)疲勞”是擔(dān)憂的。故選A項(xiàng)。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butthefuturedoesn’tstopwiththese—thereshouldbemanymorevisionsemerging.Weneedtoseedthem,growthemandseewhatshapetheytakewhenwetellstoriesofthefutureonceagain.(但未來(lái)不會(huì)止步于此——應(yīng)該有更多的愿景出現(xiàn)。我們需要播種它們，培育它們，看看當(dāng)我們?cè)俅沃v述未來(lái)的故事時(shí)，它們會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出什么樣的形態(tài)。)”可知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的主要目的是激發(fā)人們對(duì)未來(lái)敘事的集體想象力。故選D項(xiàng)。（2526高三上·天津北辰·月考）PeoplefromEastAsiatendtohavemoredifficultythanthosefromEuropeindistinguishingfacialexpressions—andanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiologyexplainswhy.RachaelJack,UniversityofGlasgowresearcher,saidthatratherthanscanningevenly(均勻的)acrossafaceasWesternersdo,Easternersfixtheirattentionontheeyes.“WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.“Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect(忽略)themouth.”AccordingtoJackandhercolleagues,thediscoveryshowsthathumanmunicationofemotionismoreplexthanpreviouslybelieved.Asaresult,facialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedtoreliablyconveyemotionincrossculturalsituations.Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewh