基石之困與自強(qiáng)之路：半導(dǎo)體材料與器件的探索Thedilemmaofthecornerstoneandthepathtoself-strengthening:explorationofsemiconductormaterialsanddevices基石之困與自強(qiáng)之路：半導(dǎo)體材料與器件的探索Thedilemmaofthecornerstoneandthepathtoself-strengthening:explorationofsemiconductormaterialsanddevicesTeacher:JiaLisi授課教師：賈麗斯數(shù)字技術(shù)深度融入生活Digitaltechnologyhasbeendeeplyintegratedintopeople’slives半導(dǎo)體器件

Semiconductordevices

數(shù)字電子技術(shù)的基石

Cornerstoneofdigitalelectronictechnology基石之困與自強(qiáng)之路：半導(dǎo)體材料與器件的探索Thedilemmaofthecornerstoneandthepathtoself-strengthening:explorationofsemiconductormaterialsanddevicesPart01半導(dǎo)體器件基礎(chǔ)

Semiconductordevicefundamentals

二極管的關(guān)鍵特性

Keycharacteristicsofdiodes半導(dǎo)體，介于導(dǎo)體與絕緣體之間，其獨(dú)特的電學(xué)特性使其成為現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵材料。Semiconductors,whicharebetweenconductorsandinsulators,haveuniqueelectricalpropertiesthatmakethemakeymaterialinmodernelectronictechnology.半導(dǎo)體器件基礎(chǔ)Semiconductordevicefundamentals

半導(dǎo)體常見材料

Commonsemiconductormaterials

硅（Si）

Silicon(Si)鍺（Ge）

Germanium(Ge)半導(dǎo)體器件基礎(chǔ)Semiconductordevicefundamentals

PN結(jié)形成關(guān)鍵

KeytoPNjunctionformation

P型半導(dǎo)體：空穴多（⊕），電子少。

P-typesemiconductor:therearemoreholes(⊕)andfewerelectrons.

N型半導(dǎo)體：電子多（⊙），空穴少。

N-typesemiconductor:therearemoreelectrons(⊙)andfewerholes.當(dāng)在純凈的半導(dǎo)體中加入微量的特定雜質(zhì)，就形成了P型半導(dǎo)體和N型半導(dǎo)體。Whenasmallamountofspecificimpuritiesareaddedtoapuresemiconductor,P-typesemiconductorsandN-typesemiconductorsareformed.NtyperegionPtypeNtypePtyperegionSpacechargeregionInternalelectricfield半導(dǎo)體器件基礎(chǔ)Semiconductordevicefundamentals

PN結(jié)形成關(guān)鍵

KeytoPNjunctionformation

P型半導(dǎo)體：空穴多（⊕），電子少。

P-typesemiconductor:therearemoreholes(⊕)andfewerelectrons.

N型半導(dǎo)體：電子多（⊙），空穴少。

N-typesemiconductor:therearemoreelectrons(⊙)andfewerholes.InternalelectricfieldPN結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖

SchematicdiagramofPNjunctionstructure

PN半導(dǎo)體器件的核心結(jié)構(gòu)Corestructureofsemiconductordevices半導(dǎo)體器件基礎(chǔ)Semiconductordevicefundamentals

PN結(jié)與器件原理

PNjunctionanddeviceprinciple

PN結(jié)具有單向?qū)щ娦訲hePNjunctionhasunidirectionalconductivity.當(dāng)外加正向電壓時(shí)，PN結(jié)導(dǎo)通，電流能夠順利通過；

Whenaforwardvoltageisapplied,thePNjunctionisconductiveandcurrentcanpasssmoothly.ExternalelectricfieldInternalelectricfielda）正向偏置Forwardbias當(dāng)外加反向電壓時(shí)，PN結(jié)截止，電流幾乎無法通過。

Whenareversevoltageisapplied,thePNjunctioniscutoffandcurrentcanhardlypassthrough.半導(dǎo)體器件基礎(chǔ)Semiconductordevicefundamentals

二極管

Diodes三極管(Ge)Transistor半導(dǎo)體器件基礎(chǔ)Semiconductordevicefundamentals

整流電路Rectificationcircuits檢波電路Detectioncircuits檢波電路Detectioncircuits二極管

Diodes半導(dǎo)體器件基礎(chǔ)Semiconductordevicefundamentals

三極管(Ge)Transistor放大電路Amplifiercircuits

開關(guān)電路

Switchingcircuits電流放大作用

Functionofcurrentamplification半導(dǎo)體器件基礎(chǔ)Semiconductordevicefundamentals

交流電

AC

直流電

DC

二極管diodes半導(dǎo)體器件基礎(chǔ)Semiconductordevicefundamentals

Part02國產(chǎn)芯片突破之路

Theroadtobreakthroughfordomesticchips基石之困與自強(qiáng)之路：半導(dǎo)體材料與器件的探索Thedilemmaofthecornerstoneandthepathtoself-strengthening:explorationofsemiconductormaterialsanddevices素材來源：央視網(wǎng)2020年09月02日國產(chǎn)芯片突破之路Theroadtobreakthroughfordomesticchips

北斗芯片Beidouchips北斗芯片自主可控

Beidouchipsareindependentlycontrollable

素材來源：央視網(wǎng)2020年09月02日北斗芯片自主可控

Beidouchipsareindependentlycontrollable

早期，我國在衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航芯片領(lǐng)域依賴進(jìn)口，不僅成本高昂，而且存在安全隱患。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)北斗系統(tǒng)的自主可控，科研人員經(jīng)過多年攻關(guān)，成功研制出具有完全自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的北斗芯片。Intheearlydays,Chinareliedonimportsinthefieldofsatellitenavigationchips,whichwasnotonlycostlybutalsoposedsafetyrisks.InordertoachieveindependentcontroloftheBeidousystem,scientificresearchershavesuccessfullydevelopedaBeidouchipwithcompletelyindependentintellectualpropertyrightsafteryearsofresearch.國產(chǎn)芯片突破之路Theroadtobreakthroughfordomesticchips

北斗芯片自主可控

Beidouchipsareindependentlycontrollable

精度

Accuracy

功耗

Powerconsumption

抗干擾能力

Anti-interferencecapability

為北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用奠定基礎(chǔ)

LayingasolidfoundationforthewidespreadapplicationoftheBeidousatellitenavigationsystem國產(chǎn)芯片突破之路Theroadtobreakthroughfordomesticchips

北斗芯片自主可控

Beidouchipsareindependentlycontrollable

國產(chǎn)芯片突破之路Theroadtobreakthroughfordomesticchips

交通運(yùn)輸

Transportation

農(nóng)業(yè)

Agriculture漁業(yè)

Fishery

測繪

Surveyingandmapping

華為海思突圍之路

HuaweiHiSilicon'sroadtobreakthrough華為海思芯片設(shè)計(jì)力量HuaweiHiSiliconchipdesignstrengthTSA80601TSA80602AK6002

華為海思在芯片設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的成就舉世矚目。面對外部的技術(shù)制裁，華為海思憑借長期以來在研發(fā)上的巨大投入和技術(shù)積累，成功推出了一系列高性能芯片。HuaweiHiSilicon'sachievementsinchipdesignhaveattractedworldwideattention.Inthefaceofexternaltechnologicalsanctions,HuaweiHiSiliconhassuccessfullylaunchedaseriesofhigh-performancechips,suchastheKirinseriesofmobilephonechips華為海思突圍之路

HuaweiHiSilicon'sroadtobreakthrough華為海思芯片設(shè)計(jì)力量HuaweiHiSiliconchipdesignstrength性能

Performance圖像處理

Imageprocessing人工智能運(yùn)算

Artificialintelligencecomputing麒麟芯片

Kirinchips

強(qiáng)大競爭力

Strongcompetitiveness華為海思突圍之路

HuaweiHiSilicon'sroadtobreakthrough華為海思芯片設(shè)計(jì)力量HuaweiHiSiliconchipdesignstrength企業(yè)的勝利

Victoryforacompany芯片設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)重大突破

Breakthroughforchipdesignindustry基石之困與自強(qiáng)之路：半導(dǎo)體材料與器件的探索Thedilemmaofthecornerstoneandthepathtoself-strengthening:explorationofsemiconductormaterialsanddevices中國數(shù)字技術(shù)發(fā)展歷程

HistoryofthedevelopmentofdigitaltechnologyinChina

基石之困與自強(qiáng)之路：半導(dǎo)體材料與器件的探索Thedilemmaofthecornerstoneandthepathtoself-strengthening:explorationofsemiconductormaterialsanddevices新中國成立初期

EarlydaysofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

現(xiàn)階段

TodayPart03中國數(shù)字技術(shù)發(fā)展史

HistoryofthedevelopmentofdigitaltechnologyinChina早期探索（半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)起步）

Earlyexploration(startingofsemiconductortechnology)

中國數(shù)字技術(shù)發(fā)展史HistoryofthedevelopmentofdigitaltechnologyinChina應(yīng)用物理所半導(dǎo)體研究室一角

AcorneroftheSemiconductorLaboratoryoftheInstituteofAppliedPhysics

在早期，為了滿足國家對計(jì)算機(jī)等電子設(shè)備的需求，我國科研人員開始了對半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)的探索。Earlyon,Chineseresearchersbeganexploringsemiconductortechnologytomeetthenation'sgrowingdemandforcomputersandotherelectronicequipment.早期探索（半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)起步）

Earlyexploration(startingofsemiconductortechnology)

中國數(shù)字技術(shù)發(fā)展史HistoryofthedevelopmentofdigitaltechnologyinChina第一根硅單晶Thefirstsiliconsinglecrystal1956年，發(fā)展半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)成為我國“四大緊急措施”之一，眾多海外科學(xué)家紛紛回國，帶來了寶貴的技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在艱苦的條件下，我國科研人員先后研制出了鍺合金擴(kuò)散高頻晶體管、硅平面型晶體管等關(guān)鍵半導(dǎo)體器件，為我國電子計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展提供了重要支撐。In1956,developingsemiconductortechnologybecameoneofChina's"FourUrgentMeasures",promptingnumerousoverseasscientiststoreturn,bringingvaluableexpertiseandexperience.Underdifficultconditions,Chineseresearchershavesuccessivelydevelopedkeysemiconductordevicessuchasgermaniumalloydiffusedhigh-frequencytransistorsandsiliconplanartransistors,providingimportantsupportforthedevelopmentofChina'selectroniccomputers.早期探索（半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)起步）

Earlyexploration(startingofsemiconductortechnology)

中國數(shù)字技術(shù)發(fā)展史HistoryofthedevelopmentofdigitaltechnologyinChina1956年，發(fā)展半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)成為我國“四大緊急措施”之一，眾多海外科學(xué)家紛紛回國，帶來了寶貴的技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在艱苦的條件下，我國科研人員先后研制出了鍺合金擴(kuò)散高頻晶體管、硅平面型晶體管等關(guān)鍵半導(dǎo)體器件，為我國電子計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展提供了重要支撐。In1956,developingsemiconductortechnologybecameoneofChina's"FourUrgentMeasures",promptingnumerousoverseasscientiststoreturn,bringingvaluableexpertiseandexperience.Underdifficultconditions,Chineseresearchershavesuccessivelydevelopedkeysemiconductordevicessuchasgermaniumalloydiffusedhigh-frequencytransistorsandsiliconplanartransistors,providingimportantsupportforthedevelopmentofChina'selectroniccomputers.1958年半導(dǎo)體室研制的我國第一批晶體管ThefirstbatchoftransistorsdevelopedbytheSemiconductorLaboratoryofChinain1958中國數(shù)字技術(shù)發(fā)展史HistoryofthedevelopmentofdigitaltechnologyinChina產(chǎn)業(yè)升級與技術(shù)突破

Industrialupgradingandtechnologicalbreakthroughs通信

communications

計(jì)算機(jī)

computers

消費(fèi)電子

consumerelectronics中國數(shù)字技術(shù)發(fā)展史HistoryofthedevelopmentofdigitaltechnologyinChina產(chǎn)業(yè)升級與技術(shù)突破

Industrialupgradingandtechnologicalbreakthroughs

如今，我國在5G通信、人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)等數(shù)字技術(shù)前沿領(lǐng)域取得了顯著成就，成為推動(dòng)全球數(shù)字技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要力量。Today,Chinahasmaderemarkableachievementsincutting-edgedigitaltechnologyfieldssuchas5Gcommunications,artificialintelligence,andbigdata,becominganimportantforceinpromotingthedevelopmentofglobaldigitaltechnology.Part04未來職業(yè)崗位應(yīng)用

Applicationoffuturejobs核心知識(shí)與技能方向Coreknowledgeandskillsdirection

職業(yè)崗位Careerpositions電子工程師ElectronicsEngineer芯片設(shè)計(jì)師ChipDesigner系統(tǒng)集成工程師SystemIntegrator職業(yè)崗位事半導(dǎo)體器件研發(fā)SemiconductordeviceresearchanddevelopmentCareerpositions芯片設(shè)計(jì)制造Chip