第1題Whichofthefollowingaremostlikelyoperationaldefinitionsofvariables:A

verbalisedsatisfactionwithcarereceivedBhealth-relatedqualityoflifeCpainratedonascaleof1to10D

heartfunction正確答案：AC第2題Whenmightclosed-endedquestionsbeusedasanappropriatetypeofquestions:AwhenaresearcherneedsricherandfullerperspectiveonatopicfromtheparticipantsBWhengreaterprivacyshouldbegiventorespondentsCWhentime-consumingisaconcernDWhenrespondentsareunabletoexpressthemselveswellverbally正確答案：BCD第3題Whichtypeofclosed-endedquestionsisastraightlineandusedtomeasuresubjectiveexperiences,suchaspain,fatigue,anddyspnea?ARank-orderquestionsBForced-choicequestionsCChecklistsDVisualanalogscales第4題WhichofthefollowingisnotconsistentwithaLikertScale:Aitcontainsclose-endeditems

Bitcontainsopen-endeditems

Citcontainslistsofstatements

Ditemsareevaluatedontheamountofagreement.

第5題Whenmightquestionnairesbeusedasanappropriatemethodofdatacollection:AwhencostsareaconcernBwhenaresearcherisinterestedinobtaininginformationdirectlyfromparticipantsCwhenaresearcherneedstocollectdatafromalargegroupofnoteasilyaccessibleparticipantsDwhenaccuracyisofutmostimportance.正確答案：ACD第6題Whenmightinterviewsbeusedasanappropriatemethodofdatacollection:AWhenparticipantsincludeyoungchildrenandblind,elderly,illiterate,oruneducatedindividuals.BWhenambiguousorconfusingquestionscanbeprovidedneededclarificationstoparticipantsCWhenanonymityisaconcernDWhencostsareaconcern正確答案：AB第7題Whichofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredadisadvantageofusingobservationaldatacollectionmethods:A

individualbiasmayinterferewiththedatacollectionBethicalconcernsmaybesignificanttoresearchersusingobservationaldatacollectionmethods

C

individualjudgmentsandvaluesmayinfluencetheperceptionsoftheobserversD

alloftheabove.第8題Whichofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredanadvantageofusingbiophysiologicdatacollectionmethods?ABiophysiologicmeasuresareaccurate,preciseandobjectiveBThemeasuringtoolmayaffectthevariablesitisattemptingtomeasureCWhenlaboratorytestsareinvolved,theymaybemoreexpensivethanothermethodsDBiophysiologicinstrumentsprovidevalidmeasuresoftargetedvariables正確答案：AD第9題Whichofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredadisadvantageofusingtheexistinghealthcaredata:ABeingdifficulttouncoverbiasesBThedatamightnotclearlyaddresstheresearchers'studypurposeCResearchersareabletohavelargersamples,conductmorelongitudinalstudiesbyusingexistingdataDResearchersareabletoexperiencelowercostsbyusingexistingdata正確答案：AB第1題1.Measurementreliabilityreferstothe:Aconsistencyofthescores.Bcomprehensivenessofthescores.CdependencyofthescoresDaccuracyofthescores.第2題2.Thevalidityofameasurereferstothe:A

comprehensivenesswithwhichitmeasurestheconstruct.B

particulartypeofconstructspecification.Cconsistencyofthemeasurement.Daccuracywithwhichitmeasurestheconstruct.Knowledgepoint2：Conceptualizingtheconstruct&GeneratinganItemPool第1題Whenyouaregeneratinganitempoolforascale,wheredoitemscomefrom?AexistinginstrumentsBconceptanalysis

Ctheliterature

DqualitativeresearchEclinicalobservation正確答案：ABCDEKnowledgepoint3：TipsforWordingItems第1題Whichstatementisnotrightaboutthetipsforwordingitems?AavoidlongsentencesorphrasesBusetermsthatarejustwell-knowninhealthcarecirclesCavoidputtingmoreideasinasingleitem.DselectwordsthateveryoneinderstandsKnowledgepoint4：ExpertPanelReview第1題ContentvalidityreferstoA.

B.

C.

D.

Ahowwellanassessmentcorrelateswithothersimilarassessments.Bhowwellassessmentquestionstapintothespecificconstruct.Chowlongittakestocompleteanassessment.Dhowwellanassessmentpredictsfuturebehaviour.第2題2.Askinganexpertorexpertstoevaluateameasureisusedtoestablishvalidity.AcontentBcriterionCdivergentDface第3題3.Anassessmentwithlowcontentvalidity___Acanstillbeuseful.Bislikelymeasuringsomethingotherthantheconstruct.Cisgood,thelowerthelevelofcontentvaliditythebetter.Dcannotbefixed.Theassessmentdevelopermuststartoverfromscratch.Knowledgepoint6：Fieldtestingtheinstrument第1題Whichstatementisnotrightaboutsequencingtheitems?AQuestionsrelatedtoaspecifictopicmustbegroupedtogether.BSpecificitemsareincludedfirst,withprogressiontomoregeneralitems.CQuestionsofasensitivenatureshouldappearneartheendofthequestionnaire.Ddemographicdataaboutthesubjectshouldappearattheendofthequestionnaire.Knowledgepoint7：Reliability第1題1.Ifameasureisconsistentovermultipleoccasions,ithas:

A

inter-raterreliability

Btest-retestreliability

CconstructvalidityDinternalvalidity第2題2.Ameasurehashighinternalconsistencyreliabilitywhen:

A

multipleobserversobtainthesamescoreeverytimetheyusethemeasure.Beachoftheitemscorrelateswithotheritemsonthemeasure.Cmultipleobserversmakethesameratingsusingthemeasure.D

participantsscoreatthehighendofthescaleeverytimetheycompletethemeasure.第3題3.AnurseresearcherwouldwanttouseKuder-Richardsoncoefficienttoestablishtheinternalconsistencyofaninstrumentinwhichcase?Awhenquestionsareopen-ended

BwhentheinstrumentisdesignedtomeasuremorethanoneconceptCwhentheinstrumentusesaLikert-typeresponsescaleDwhenquestionsdemandayesornoresponse第4題4.Whatpropertyisestablishedwhentheresultsoftwoseparatelyadministeredinstrumentsthatmeasurethesameconceptarehighlycorrelated?A

stabilityBvalidityChomogeneity

D

equivalence第5題5.Whichtypeofreliabilityexistswhenconsistencyofobservation,measuredbyacorrelationcoefficient,isnotedbetweentwoormoreresearchassistantswhorecordtheirobservationsofaneventatthesametime?A

internalconsistency

BparallelformsC

interrater

D

test-retestKnowledgepoint8：Validity第1題1.Whatisconstructvalidity?AHowwellatestmeasurestheconstructsthatitclaimstomeasure.BTheextenttowhichthetestisrelatedtospecificcriteria.CHowwellatestrepresentsallaspectsoftheconstructthatitclaimstomeasure.DNoneoftheoptionsarecorrect.第2題2.Whichvalidityreferstothedegreetowhichscoresoftheinstrumentcorrelatewithscoresofanotherinstrumentthatassessesasimilarconstruct?AconvergentBdiscriminative

CdivergentDstructural第3題Whichvalidityreferstothedegreetowhichthestructureofamulti-itemscaleadequatelyreflectsthehypothesizeddimensionalityoftheconstructbeingmeasured?

Aconvergent

BdiscriminativeC

divergent

Dstructural第4題Whatisthedifferencebetweenconcurrentandpredictivevalidity?AConcurrentvalidityinvolvesmeasurementsthatareadministeratthesametimewhilepredictivevalidityinvolvesonemeasurementpredictingfutureperformanceonanother.BConcurrentvalidityisatypeofcriterion-relatedvaliditypredictivevalidityisatypeofconstructvalidity.CConcurrentvalidityreferstoaspecificcriterion,whilepredictivevalidityinvolvesmanydifferentcriterion.DThereisnodifference.Knowledgepoint9：Cross-CulturalAdaptation第1題1.Whichstatementisnotrightaboutcross-culturaladaptationofascale?AAftertranslation,thecontentofeachitemoftheinstrumentisrelevanttothephenomenaofeachculturebeingstudied.BThemeaningofeachitemismaintainedaftertranslationintotheotherculture.CTheinterpretationoftheresultsfromtheinstrumentisthesameinbothcultures.DThegoalofcross-culturaladaptationistoproduceameasure,whichisidenticaltotheoriginalone.第2題2.Whichstatementisnotrightaboutcross-culturaladaptationofascale?ATheinstrumentinthesourcelanguageisforwardtranslatedtothetargetlanguagebyatleasttwoindependenttranslators.BThetwotranslatorsshouldhavesamebackground.CTheexpertcommittee’sroleistodeveloptheprefinalversionofthequestionnaireforfieldtesting.DThetranslatorsarebilingualtranslators.Writingaresearchreport第1題第2題Whichoneisnottherequirementsfortitle?AAttractiveBConciseCFormativeDDetailed第3題Whichoneisnotthecontentforstructuredabstract?A

LiteraturereviewBObjectivesCResultsDConclusions第4題Whichoneisnotincludedintheliteraturereview?A

Whatisknownonthistopic?BWhatisnotknownonthistopic?Cwhatisthelikelysignificanceofastudy?DWhatis

themajorconceptinthe

study?第5題

Whichoneisnotincludedinthemethodsection?AResearchdesignBDataanalysisCDatacollectionDFramework第6題Whichoneisnottherequirementsforresultssection?AFormativeBAccurateCEffectiveDComplete第7題Whichoneisnotincludedinthediscussionsection?A

LimitationsofthestudyBConclusionsdrawnfromfindingsC

RecommendationsoffutureresearchD

Presentationofresultsofdataanalysis第8題Whichoneisnottherequirementsforreferencecitations?A

FormativeBCorrectC

ConciseDComprehensive第9題WhichoneisnotthepossibledecisionsafterreviewingamanuscriptAAcceptanceBRevirsionCRejectionDDissemination第10題

Whichoneisnotthefactorthatshouldbeconsideredwhileselectingajournal?AIntendedreadersBJournal’sfocustopicCJournalimpactfactorDSubmissionsystem第11題Whichoneisnottrueforaqueryletter?A

Itisessentialforsubmission.BItisaletteranauthorsendstoaneditor.CThepurposeistoaskabouttheeditor'sinterestinreviewingamanuscript.DItcanbesenttomultiplejournalssimultaneously.第12題Whichoneisnottrueforpreparingamanuscript?ATobewrittenaccordingtoguidelinesBToavoidconfusingwordsCTobereviewedonlybyauthorsDTofollowtheformatstyle第13題

Whichoneisnotincludedinthetitlepage?ATitleBAuthors'namesandaffiliationsCCorrespondingauthor’semailaddressDAbstract第14題Whichoneisnottrueforresponsetorequestswhilerevisingamanuscript?AToreviseaccordinglyforanyofcommentsBToconsultthejournaleditorforconflictCTocommentspointbypointDToshowclearlyforchanges第15題Whichoneisnottrueforplagiarism?A

Itisanunethicalbehavior.BItcanbescreenedbysoftwareprograms.CItreferstociteareferenceunintentionally.DItreferstoattributeaquotationfromanotherauthorimproperly.Knowledgepoint1：Definitionofmixedmethodsresearch第1題WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutmixedmethodsResearch?

AItisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatorusesmorethantwoapproachesinasinglestudy.BItisa

researchin

whichtheinvestigator

uses

bothqualitativeand

quantitativeapproachesinasinglestudy.CItisa

researchin

whichtheinvestigator

uses

twodifferent

qualitativeapproachesinasinglestudy.DItisa

researchin

whichtheinvestigator

uses

twodifferent

quantitativeapproachesinasinglestudy.Knowledgepoint2：PhilosophicalFoundationsofMixedMethodsResearch第1題Themainvalueofusingmixed-methodsresearchinnursingisit:AallowstheresearchertounderstandawiderrangeofresearchmethodsBhelpsresearcherschampionparticularresearchparadigmsCoffersahigherprobabilitythattheconductedresearchwillbeviewedas

completeandcomprehensiveDassistsinreducingresearcherrorKnowledgepoint3：Overviewofmixedmethodsdesigns第1題WhichofthefollowingmixedmethodsdesignsdoesNOTbelongtothetypologyproposedbyCreswellwe?AexploratorysequentialstrategyB

explanatorysequentialstrategyCconvergentconcurrentstrategyDcomplexstrategyKnowledgepoint4：ExploratorySequentialDesigns第1題Amixedmethodsresearchstudythatsoughttoinitiallyidentifythelivedhealth-relatedexperiencesoflungcancerpatientsandfollowthisupbyusingatooltomeasuretheextentofthosehealth-relatedexperiences,wouldbeusingwhichofthefollowingcombinations:Asimultaneous—quantitativeandqualitativeBsimultaneous—qualitativeandquantitative

Csequential—qualitativeleadingtoquantitativeDsequential—quantitativeleadingtoqualitative

Knowledgepoint5：ExplanatorySequentialDesigns第1題Whenresultsofainvestigativestudyarecomplicatedandtrickytointerpret，whichdesignfollowingisespeciallysuitable?A

simultaneous—qualitativeandquantitativeBsimultaneous—quantitativeandqualitativeCsequential—quantitativeleadingtoqualitativeDsequential—qualitativeleadingtoquantitativeKnowledgepoint6：ConvergentConcurrentDesigns第1題WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutConvergentConcurrentDesigns?AThisdesignusuallyintegratestheresultsofthetwomethodsduringtheinterpretationphase.BThisdesignusuallyintegratestheresultsofthetwomethodsduringtheinterpretationphase.CTheconvergentdesignsarelessefficientthanotherdesigns.DTheconvergentdesignsaredifficultforasingleresearcherworkingalonetodo.EthicsinNursingResearch第1題TheNurembergCodedoesnotinclude:Asubjects'voluntaryconsenttoparticipateinresearchBtherightofsubjectstowithdrawfromstudiesCprotectionofsubjectsfromphysicalandmentalsuffering,injury,disability,anddeathduringstudiesDThecodedifferentiatestherapeuticresearchfromnontherapeuticresearch.第2題Whentheresearchernotifiesapersonofanyproposedparticipationinresearch,whichofthefollowinghumanrightsisbeingmet?AtherighttofairtreatmentBtherighttoself-determinationCtherighttoanonymityandconfidentialityDtherighttoprivacy第3題Byremovingelementsthatcanbeusedtoidentifyrelatives,employersorfamilymembers,theresearchermeettherequirementfor:AtherighttofairtreatmentBtherighttoself-determinationCtherighttoanonymityandconfidentialityDtherighttoprivacy第4題Thequalitativeresearcherusedpseudonymswhenquotingtheparticipant'snarrativeinthepublishedstudysomettherequirementfor:AtherighttofairtreatmentBtherighttoself-determinationCtherighttoanonymityandconfidentialityDtherighttoprivacy第5題Byselectingonlyunemployedmenforthestudyandpromisingtopaythemasubstantialamountofmoneytobeintheexperimentalgroup,theresearcherdidnotmeettherequirementfor:AtherighttofairtreatmentBtherighttoself-determinationCtherighttoanonymityandconfidentialityDtherighttoprivacy第6題Theresearcheracknowledgedintheinformationsheetthattalkingaboutexperiencesofthedeathofachildmightbeemotionallypainful.Bysettingupaccesstocounsellingservicesforparticipant