2025年河南省專升本歷翻譯試題及答案一、英漢翻譯（共5題，每題10分，共50分）請(qǐng)將下列英文段落翻譯成通順的現(xiàn)代漢語。1.IntheheartofHenan,aprovincesteepedin5,000yearsofChinesecivilization,liesauniqueculturalphenomenon:the"StoneInscriptionVillages"oftheCentralPlains.Thesevillages,whereancientstonetablets,steles,andcarvedwallsdotthealleys,arenotjustrepositoriesofhistorybutlivingtestamentstothewisdomofpastgenerations.Forcenturies,localcraftsmenhavepreservedtheartofstonecarving,passingdowntechniquesfromfathertoson.Eachstrokeonthestonetellsastory—ofharvests,offamilyties,ofmoralmaxims,andoftheresilienceofapeoplewhohaveweatheredfloods,wars,anddynasticchanges.Today,asmodernizationsweepsacrossruralChina,thesevillagesfaceadualchallenge:toprotecttheirstoneheritagewhileintegratingintothe21st-centuryeconomythroughtourismandculturalindustries.2.Theconceptof"doublereduction"ineducation,firstproposedbytheMinistryofEducationin2021,aimstoalleviatetheacademicburdenonprimaryandsecondaryschoolstudentsandreducethefinancialpressureonfamiliesfromoff-campustutoring.InHenan,apopulousprovincewithover26millionschool-agechildren,theimplementationofthispolicyhassparkedsignificantchanges.Schoolshaveexpandedafter-schoolserviceprograms,offeringactivitiesrangingfromcalligraphyandtraditionalmusictoroboticsandscienceexperiments.Parents,onceanxiousabouttheirchildren’scompetitiveedge,nowfindmoretimetoengageinfamilyactivities.However,challengesremain:someruralschoolslackfundingfordiversifiedcourses,andasmallnumberofundergroundtutoringclassesstilloperate,testingtheefficiencyofregulatorymeasures.3.TheYellowRiver,oftencalled"China’sMotherRiver,"hasnourishedHenanformillennia.Yet,itshistoryisalsooneoffrequentfloods.Inrecentdecades,acomprehensivemanagementplanhastransformedthis"sorrowofthenation"intoasourceofsustainabledevelopment.Theconstructionofsmartwaterconservancysystems,suchasreal-timefloodmonitoringsatellitesandautomatedsluicecontrols,hasreducedfloodrisksby70%.Meanwhile,ecologicalrestorationprojectsalongtheriverbanks—plantingnativewillows,restoringwetlands,andcreatingbirdsanctuaries—haveincreasedlocalbiodiversityby45%overthepastfiveyears.Forcommunitiesthatoncereliedsolelyonfarming,eco-tourismandorganicagriculturehavebecomeneweconomicpillars,withruralincomesgrowingbyanaverageof8%annually.4.TraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)hasdeeprootsinHenan.ThebirthplaceofZhangZhongjing,the"SageofMedicine"whowroteTreatiseonColdDamageandMiscellaneousDiseases(afoundationalTCMtext),theprovinceishometoover300TCMherbplantingbases.Inrecentyears,HenanhaspromotedtheintegrationofTCMintomodernhealthcaresystems.CommunityhealthcentersnowofferTCMserviceslikeacupuncture,cupping,andherbaldecoctionpreparation,withover90%ofcountieshavingspecializedTCMhospitals.Moreover,"TCM+tourism"hasemergedasanewtrend:visitorscanparticipateinherb-pickingexperiences,learnaboutTCMcultureinancientpharmacies,andevenreceivepersonalizedhealthconsultationsfromTCMpractitioners.5.TheShaolinTemple,locatedatthefootofSongshanMountaininHenan,isnotjustaBuddhistmonasterybutaglobalsymbolofChinesemartialarts.Foundedin495AD,itgainedfameinthe16thcenturyforitsmonks’roleindefendinglocalvillagesagainstbandits.Today,thetemple’sinfluenceextendsfarbeyonditsmountainoussetting.TheShaolinMartialArtsSchool,whichtrainsover10,000studentsannually,combinestraditionalkungfupracticewithmodernacademiccurricula.ItsgraduateshaveperformedininternationaleventsliketheOlympicsandBroadwayshows,bridgingculturalgapsthroughphysicaldisciplineandstorytelling.Meanwhile,digitalplatformshavehelpedspreadShaolinculture:live-streamedmeditationclassesattractmillionsofviewers,andvirtualrealitytoursallowpeopleworldwideto"walk"throughthetemple’sancientcourtyards.二、漢英翻譯（共5題，每題10分，共50分）請(qǐng)將下列中文段落翻譯成準(zhǔn)確、流暢的英語。1.河南地處中原，是連接南北、貫通東西的交通樞紐。近年來，隨著"米"字形高鐵網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建成，鄭州已成為全國(guó)重要的高鐵中心。從鄭州出發(fā)，2小時(shí)內(nèi)可抵達(dá)武漢、西安等6個(gè)省會(huì)城市，4小時(shí)內(nèi)覆蓋北京、上海等12個(gè)核心城市。高鐵不僅縮短了空間距離，更帶動(dòng)了區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)同發(fā)展：沿線城市的旅游業(yè)收入年均增長(zhǎng)15%，跨區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)合作項(xiàng)目數(shù)量較五年前翻了兩番。2.豫劇是河南的代表性地方戲曲，已有400多年歷史。其唱腔高亢激昂，表演形式生動(dòng)活潑，深受中原地區(qū)群眾喜愛。近年來，豫劇團(tuán)體積極探索創(chuàng)新：將傳統(tǒng)劇目與現(xiàn)代舞臺(tái)技術(shù)結(jié)合，用3D投影再現(xiàn)古代戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)；通過短視頻平臺(tái)推廣經(jīng)典唱段，年輕觀眾占比從2018年的12%提升至2024年的38%；還與高校合作開設(shè)豫劇專業(yè)，培養(yǎng)既懂戲曲理論又能登臺(tái)表演的復(fù)合型人才。3.蘭考縣曾是黃河故道上的"風(fēng)沙窩"，經(jīng)過數(shù)十年治沙造林，如今已變身"生態(tài)綠洲"。當(dāng)?shù)厝罕娪门萃涔躺?，這種樹木生長(zhǎng)快、材質(zhì)輕，既是防風(fēng)林的主力，又為民族樂器制作提供了優(yōu)質(zhì)原料。全縣泡桐種植面積達(dá)28萬畝，年產(chǎn)民族樂器（如古箏、琵琶）50萬件，占全國(guó)市場(chǎng)份額的35%。"種泡桐—固風(fēng)沙—做樂器—促增收"的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，讓曾經(jīng)的貧困縣實(shí)現(xiàn)了生態(tài)與經(jīng)濟(jì)的雙贏。4.河南的博物館資源豐富，全省共有國(guó)有博物館165座，其中國(guó)家一級(jí)博物館5座。位于鄭州的河南博物院，館藏文物17萬件（套），涵蓋從舊石器時(shí)代到明清時(shí)期的各類器物。館內(nèi)"中原古代文明之光"展覽通過全息投影、互動(dòng)觸控等技術(shù)，讓甲骨文、青銅器等文物"活"起來：觀眾可以用手機(jī)掃描青銅器，查看其鑄造工藝的3D演示；觸摸虛擬甲骨，聆聽專家解讀古老文字的含義。5.鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施以來，河南許多村莊發(fā)生了巨變。洛陽市孟津區(qū)的衛(wèi)坡村，曾因年輕人外出務(wù)工淪為"空心村"，如今通過"古村落+文創(chuàng)"模式重?zé)ㄉ鷻C(jī)。村里修復(fù)了18座清代古宅，改造為手作工坊、非遺體驗(yàn)館和特色民宿；邀請(qǐng)?zhí)账噹?、扎染藝人入駐，開發(fā)出"牡丹瓷""黃河泥陶"等文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)品；還舉辦"鄉(xiāng)村藝術(shù)季"，吸引畫家、音樂人來此創(chuàng)作。2024年，衛(wèi)坡村接待游客超80萬人次，村民人均年收入較2019年增長(zhǎng)2.3倍。答案及解析一、英漢翻譯1.在中華文明五千年歷史浸潤(rùn)的河南省腹地，存在著一種獨(dú)特的文化現(xiàn)象：中原"碑刻村落"。這些巷陌間散落著古碑、石碑與刻墻的村莊，不僅是歷史的存貯所，更是歷代先哲智慧的鮮活見證。數(shù)百年來，當(dāng)?shù)毓そ骋愿競(jìng)髯拥姆绞絺鞒兄碳妓嚒Ｃ恳坏朗峡毯鄱贾v述著故事——關(guān)于豐收、親情、道德箴言，以及歷經(jīng)洪水、戰(zhàn)亂與王朝更迭的民眾之堅(jiān)韌。如今，當(dāng)現(xiàn)代化席卷中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村，這些村落面臨雙重挑戰(zhàn)：既要保護(hù)碑刻遺產(chǎn)，又要通過旅游與文化產(chǎn)業(yè)融入21世紀(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)。（解析：注意"steepedin"譯為"浸潤(rùn)"，"livingtestaments"譯為"鮮活見證"，"resilience"譯為"堅(jiān)韌"，保持文化內(nèi)涵；"dualchallenge"處理為"雙重挑戰(zhàn)"，準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)語義。）2.2021年教育部首倡的"雙減"教育理念，旨在減輕中小學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)并降低家庭校外培訓(xùn)經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力。在擁有超2600萬學(xué)齡兒童的人口大省河南，這一政策的落地引發(fā)顯著變化。學(xué)校拓展了課后服務(wù)項(xiàng)目，提供從書法、傳統(tǒng)音樂到機(jī)器人、科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)等多元活動(dòng)。曾因擔(dān)憂子女競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力而焦慮的家長(zhǎng)，如今有了更多時(shí)間參與家庭活動(dòng)。但挑戰(zhàn)猶存：部分農(nóng)村學(xué)校缺乏開設(shè)多樣化課程的資金，少量"地下培訓(xùn)班"仍在運(yùn)作，考驗(yàn)著監(jiān)管措施的效力。（解析："doublereduction"譯為"雙減"，符合官方表述；"sparkedsignificantchanges"譯為"引發(fā)顯著變化"，準(zhǔn)確自然；"regulatorymeasures"譯為"監(jiān)管措施"，保持政策文本的正式性。）3.被稱為"中國(guó)母親河"的黃河，數(shù)千年來滋養(yǎng)著河南。但其歷史亦伴隨著頻發(fā)的洪水。近幾十年來，一項(xiàng)綜合治理計(jì)劃將這條"中華之患"轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展之源。智能水利系統(tǒng)——如實(shí)時(shí)洪水監(jiān)測(cè)衛(wèi)星與自動(dòng)水閘控制——的建設(shè)，使洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低70%。同時(shí)，河岸生態(tài)修復(fù)工程（種植本土柳樹、恢復(fù)濕地、建設(shè)鳥類保護(hù)區(qū)）使過去五年當(dāng)?shù)厣锒鄻有蕴嵘?5%。對(duì)曾僅依賴農(nóng)耕的社區(qū)而言，生態(tài)旅游與有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)已成新經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱，農(nóng)村收入年均增長(zhǎng)8%。（解析："sorrowofthenation"譯為"中華之患"，兼顧文化語境；"smartwaterconservancysystems"譯為"智能水利系統(tǒng)"，符合科技術(shù)語；"biodiversity"譯為"生物多樣性"，專業(yè)準(zhǔn)確。）4.中醫(yī)藥在河南根基深厚。作為著有中醫(yī)經(jīng)典《傷寒雜病論》的"醫(yī)圣"張仲景故里，河南擁有超300個(gè)中藥材種植基地。近年來，河南推動(dòng)中醫(yī)藥融入現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療體系：社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心提供針灸、拔罐、中藥煎制等服務(wù)，90%以上的縣設(shè)有中醫(yī)?？漆t(yī)院。此外，"中醫(yī)藥+旅游"漸成新趨勢(shì)：游客可參與采藥體驗(yàn)，在古藥鋪學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)藥文化，甚至從中醫(yī)師處獲得個(gè)性化健康咨詢。（解析："foundationalTCMtext"譯為"中醫(yī)經(jīng)典"，突出文獻(xiàn)地位；"integration"譯為"融入"，自然流暢；"personalizedhealthconsultations"譯為"個(gè)性化健康咨詢"，準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)服務(wù)內(nèi)容。）5.位于河南嵩山腳下的少林寺，不僅是佛教寺院，更是中國(guó)武術(shù)的全球象征。始建于公元495年，其因16世紀(jì)武僧護(hù)村抗匪而聲名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)。如今，寺院的影響遠(yuǎn)超山林之地。年培養(yǎng)超萬名學(xué)員的少林武術(shù)學(xué)校，將傳統(tǒng)功夫訓(xùn)練與現(xiàn)代學(xué)術(shù)課程結(jié)合。其畢業(yè)生在奧運(yùn)會(huì)、百老匯等國(guó)際舞臺(tái)表演，以身體修煉與故事講述架起文化橋梁。同時(shí)，數(shù)字平臺(tái)助力少林文化傳播：直播禪修課吸引數(shù)百萬觀眾，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)游覽讓全球民眾"漫步"寺院古院。（解析："globalsymbol"譯為"全球象征"，強(qiáng)調(diào)影響力；"bridgingculturalgaps"譯為"架起文化橋梁"，生動(dòng)形象；"virtualrealitytours"譯為"虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)游覽"，符合技術(shù)術(shù)語。）二、漢英翻譯1.LocatedintheCentralPlains,Henanservesasatransportationhubconnectingnorthandsouth,eastandwest.Inrecentyears,withthecompletionofits"rice-shaped"high-speedrailnetwork,Zhengzhouhasemergedasanationalhigh-speedrailcenter.FromZhengzhou,onecanreach6provincialcapitalslikeWuhanandXi’anwithin2hours,andcover12corecitiesincludingBeijingandShanghaiwithin4hours.High-speedrailshavenotonlyshortenedspatialdistancesbutalsodrivencoordinatedregionaleconomicdevelopment:tourismrevenuealongthelineshasgrownby15%annually,andthenumberofcross-regionalindustrialcooperationprojectshasquadrupledcomparedtofiveyearsago.（解析："米字形"譯為"rice-shaped"，形象易懂；"交通樞紐"譯為"transportationhub"，準(zhǔn)確；"翻了兩番"譯為"quadrupled"，符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。）2.YuOpera,arepresentativelocaloperaofHenan,hasahistoryofover400years.Withitsimpassionedsingingandlivelyperformancestyle,itisdeeplylovedbypeopleintheCentralPlains.Inrecentyears,YuOperatroupeshaveactivelyexploredinnovation:combiningtraditionalrepertoireswithmodernstagetechnologiestorecreateancientbattlefieldsvia3Dprojections;promotingclassicariasthroughshort-videoplatforms,withtheproportionofyoungaudiencesrisingfrom12%in2018to38%in2024;andcollaboratingwithuniversitiestoofferYuOperamajors,cultivatingcompositetalentswhounderstandbothoperatheoryandstageperformance.（解析："唱腔高亢激昂"譯為"impassionedsinging"，突出特點(diǎn)；"復(fù)合型人才"譯為"compositetalents"，準(zhǔn)確；"3D投影"譯為"3Dprojections"，符合技術(shù)術(shù)語。）3.LankaoCounty,oncea"sandywasteland"alongtheoldYellowRivercourse,hastransformedintoan"ecologicaloasis"afterdecadesofsandcontrolandafforestation.Localresidentsusepaulowniatreestofixsand—thesefast-growing,lightweighttreesnotonlyserveasthemainwindbreakbutalsoprovidehigh-qualityrawmaterialsfortraditionalmusicalinstrumentmaking.Thecounty’spaulowniaplantingareanowcovers280,000mu,withanannualoutputof500,000traditionalinstruments(suchasguzhengandpipa),accountingfor35%ofthenationalmarketshare.Theindustrialchainof"plantingpaulownia—controllingsand—producinginstruments—boostingincome"hasenabledthisformerpoverty-strickencountytoachieveawin-winforecologyandeconomy.（解析："風(fēng)沙窩"譯為"sandywasteland"，生動(dòng)形象；"占全國(guó)市場(chǎng)份額"譯為"accountingfor...marketshare"，符合商務(wù)英語表達(dá)；"雙贏"譯為"win-win"，簡(jiǎn)潔準(zhǔn)確。）4.Henanisrichinmuseumresources,with165state-ownedmuseums,including5nationalfirst-classmuseums.TheHenanMuseuminZhengzhouhouses170,000culturalrelics(sets),coveringartifactsfromthePaleolithicAgetotheMingandQingdynasties.The"LightofAncientCentralPlainsCivilization"exhibitionusestechnologieslikeholographicprojectionandinteractivetouchscreenstobringculturalrelicssuchasoracleboneinscriptionsandbronzewarestolife:visitorscanscanbronzewareswiththeirphonestoview3Ddemonstrationsoftheircastingtechniques,ortouchvirtualoraclebonestolistentoexpertsinterpretingthemeaningsofancientcharacters.（解析："國(guó)有博物館