第1題Thethreeparadigmshiftsinthinkingbroughtaboutbybigdataare?()AEfficiencyratherthanprecisionBCorrelationratherthancausationCAllsamplesratherthansamplingDPrecisionratherthancomprehensiveness正確答案：ABCD第2題Whatarethedefiningcharacteristicsofbigdata?()A"Volume"ofdataB"Velocity"ofdataC"Variety"ofdataD"Lowvaluedensity"ofdata正確答案：ABCD第3題Amongtherelationshipsbetweencloudcomputing,bigdata,andtheInternetofThings(),whichstatementisincorrect?()AIoTcanleveragebigdataformassivedataanalysis.BCloudcomputingfocusesondataanalysis.CCloudcomputing,bigdata,andIoTarecloselyrelatedandcomplementeachother.DIoTcanleveragecloudcomputingforstoringmassivedata.第4題Whatdoestheterm"cloudcomputingplatformlayer()"referto?()AOperatingsystemsandessentialservicestailoredtospecificapplications.BLeasinginfrastructureresources,includingcomputingpowerandstorage,asaservice.CDeployingsoftwarecentrally,allowingittorunonlocalcomputersorremotelyfromthecloud.DProvidinginfrastructurecomponentssuchashardware,software,andnetworking,alongwithconsultancy,planning,andsystemintegrationservices.第5題Whichofthefollowingoptionsfallswithinthefunctionaldomainof"datastorageandmanagement"inthecontextofbigdatatechnology?()ALeveragingdistributedfilesystems,datawarehouses,relationaldatabases,andsimilartoolstoeffectuatethestorageandmanagementofvastquantitiesofstructured,semi-structured,andunstructureddata.BEmployingdistributedparallelprogrammingmodelsandcomputingframeworksinconjunctionwithmachinelearninganddataminingalgorithmstoprocessandanalyzeextensivedatasets.CConstructingrobustprivacydataprotectionanddatasecurityframeworkstoeffectivelysafeguardindividualprivacyanddataintegrity.DUtilizingreal-timedatacapturedasinputforstreamcomputingsystemstoperforminstantaneousdataprocessingandanalysis.第1題WhichstatementsaboutHadoopareincorrect?()ASupportsonlyoneprogramminglanguage.BHaspoorcross-platformcompatibility.CCanbedeployedincost-effectivecomputerclusters.DWasoncerecognizedastheindustrystandardopen-sourcesoftwareforbigdata.正確答案：AB第2題WhataretheprimarynodesinabasicHadoopcluster?()ADataNode:StoressplitdatablocksBJobTracker:CoordinatesdatacomputationtasksCTaskTracker:ExecutestasksassignedbyJobTrackerDSecondaryNameNode:AssistsNameNodeincollectingstatusinformation正確答案：ABCD第3題Whichofthefollowingdefinitionsisincorrect?()AZookeeper:Anopen-sourceimplementationinspiredbyGoogleChubby,itisanefficientandreliabledistributedcoordinationsystem.BHDFS:Adistributedfilesystem,oneofthetwocorecomponentsoftheHadoopproject,andanopen-sourceimplementationofGoogleGFS.CHBase:Provideshighreliability,highperformance,distributedcolumnardatabase,andisanopen-sourceimplementationofGoogleBigTable.DHive:AdatawarehousingtoolbasedonHadoop,usedfordatatransformation,complexquerying,andanalysisstorageofdatasetsinHadoopfiles.第4題WhichofthefollowingisnotafeatureofHadoop?()AHighscalabilityBSupportsonlyafewprogramminglanguagesCLowcostDRunsontheLinuxplatform第5題WhatisthecoredesignoftheHadoopframework?()AProvidingstorageformassivedatainHDFSandcomputationondatainMapReduce.BOfferingnamespacemanagement,blockmanagement,andallrelatedservicesfortheentireHDFSfilesystem.CHadoopcanruninbothenterpriseclustersandcloudcomputingenvironments.DHadoopisconsideredthedefactostandardforbigdataprocessing.1.3Exercises第1題WhichofthefollowingHDFS-relatedshellcommandsisincorrect?()A`hadoopfs-ls`:Displaysdetailedinformationaboutthefilesspecifiedby``.B`hdfsdfs-rm`:Deletesthefilespecifiedby``.C`hadoopfs-copyFromLocal`:Copiesthefileorfolderspecifiedby``intothefolderspecifiedby``.D`hadoopdfsmkdir`:Createsthefolderspecifiedby``.正確答案：D第2題WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheNameNodeiscorrect?()ANameNodeistypicallyusedtostoremetadata.BNameNode,asacentralserver,isresponsibleformanagingthefilesystem'snamespaceandclientaccesstofiles.CNameNode'sdataisstoredinmemory.DNameNodeisresponsibleforstoringspecificuserdata.正確答案：AB第3題Theadvantagesofusingmulti-replicaredundancystoragedonotinclude?()AEasydetectionofdataerrorsBSavingstoragespaceCEnsuringdatareliabilityDAcceleratingdatatransferspeed第4題WhichofthefollowingisincorrectregardingtheSecondaryNameNode?()ASecondaryNameNodegenerallyrunsonmultiplemachinesinparallel.BItisusedtosaveabackupofmetadatainformationfromtheNameNode,reducingtheNameNode'srestarttime.CSecondaryNameNodeobtainstheFsImageandEditLogfilesfromtheNameNodethroughHTTPGETrequestsanddownloadsthemtotherespectivelocaldirectories.DSecondaryNameNodeisacomponentoftheHDFSarchitecture.第5題WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFsImageisincorrect?()ATheFsImagefiledoesnotrecordthespecificdatanodewhereeachblockisstored.BTheFsImagefilecontainsaserializedrepresentationofalldirectoriesandfileinodesinthefilesystem.CFsImageisusedtomaintainthefilesystemtreeandthemetadataofallfilesandfoldersinthefiletree.DTheFsImagefilerecordsthespecificdatanodewhereeachblockisstored.1.4Exercises第1題ThefollowingdescriptionsoftheHBasedatamodelareincorrect()AWhenanupdateisperformedinHBase,theoldversionofdataisdeletedandanewversionisgeneratedBHBasecolumnfamiliessupportdynamicexpansion,anditiseasytoaddacolumnfamilyorcolumnCEachHBasetableconsistsofseveralrows,andeachrowisidentifiedbyarowkeyDHBaseisasparse,multidimensional,andsortedmappingtable.Theindexesofthistablearerowkeys,columnfamilies,columnqualifiers,andtimestamps第2題WhereisPigmainlyusedinHBaseaccessinterfaces?()A

ItissuitableforparallelbatchprocessingofHBasetabledatainHadoopMapReducejobsBSuitableforHBasemanagementCOtherheterogeneoussystemscanaccessHBasetabledataonlineDSuitableforstatisticalpurposes第3題WhichofthefollowingiswrongabouttheUnderlyingtechnologycorrespondencebetweenHBaseandBigTable?()AGFScorrespondstoHDFSBGFScorrespondstoZookeeperCMapReducecorrespondstoHadoopMapReduceDChubbycorrespondstoZookeeper第4題Zookeeperisagoodclustermanagementtool,whichiswidelyusedindistributedcomputing.Whatservicesdoesitmainlyprovide?()AConfigurationmaintenanceBDomainnameservicesCDistributedsynchronizationDLoadbalancingservices正確答案：ABC第5題Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthedatamodelistrue?()AHBaseusestablestoorganizedata.Atableconsistsofrowsandcolumns,andthecolumnsaredividedintoseveralcolumnfamiliesBEachHBasetableconsistsofseveralrows,andeachrowisidentifiedbyarowkeyCDatainacolumnfamilyislocatedbyacolumnqualifier(orcolumn)DEachcellholdsmultipleversionsofthesamedata,indexedwithtimestamps正確答案：ABCD1.5Exercises第1題Whichofthefollowingisfalseaboutdocumentdatabases?()ADataisregularBGoodperformance(highconcurrency)C

LackofuniformquerysyntaxDLowcomplexity第2題WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMongoDBistrue?()APoorhorizontalscalabilityBIndexindividualattributesforfastersortingCprovidesadocument-orientedstorage,complexoperationD

Itispossibletoreplacethecompleteddocument(data)orsomespecifieddatafields第3題Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutkey-valuedatabasesiswrong?()AGoodscalabilityandflexibilityBHighperformanceforlargenumberofwritesC

InabilitytostorestructuredinformationD

Highqueryefficiency第4題RegardingNoSQLdatabasesandrelationaldatabases,thefollowingstatementsaretrue:()AMostNoSQLdatabasesaredifficulttoachievedataintegrityBSQLdatabasesupportslarge-scaledatastorageandhasstronghorizontalscalabilityCRelationaldatabasesarebasedonrelationalalgebratheory,whileNoSQLdatabaseshavenounifiedtheoreticalbasisDNoSQLdatabaseandrelationaldatabasehaveadvantagesanddisadvantages,butwiththedevelopmentofNoSQL,willeventuallyreplacetherelationaldatabase正確答案：ABC第5題DatabasetransactionshaveACIDfourproperties,whichofthefollowingarefourproperties?()AAtomicityBDurabilityCDiscontinuityDConsistency正確答案：ABD1.6Exercises第1題

WhichofthefollowingisnotamajorpartoftheMapReducearchitecture?()AClientBJobTrackerCTaskTrackerandTaskDJobs第2題Whatiswrongwiththefollowingstatement?()A

HadoopMapReduceisanopensourceimplementationofMapReduce,whichhasamuchlowerthresholdthantheformerBMapReduceadoptsanon-sharedarchitectureandhasgoodfaulttoleranceCMapReduceismainlyusedforbatchprocessing,real-time,compute-intensiveapplicationsDMapReduceadoptsthe"divideandconquer"strategy第3題WhentheMapReduce