2026年工程類(lèi)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考試試題及解析Part1:MultipleChoiceQuestions(單選題)共10題，每題2分，總計(jì)20分Passage1Therapidadvancementofrenewableenergytechnologieshastransformedtheglobalpowersectorinrecentdecades.Solarphotovoltaic(PV)systemsandwindturbineshavebecomeincreasinglycost-competitive,drivenbyinnovationsinmaterialsscienceandmanufacturingprocesses.However,theintermittencyofsolarandwindpowerposessignificantchallengesforgridstability.Energystoragesolutions,suchaslithium-ionbatteries,arecriticaltomitigatingtheseissues.AccordingtotheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),globalenergystoragecapacityisexpectedtogrowby50%by2030,primarilyinAsia-PacificregionslikeChinaandIndia,whichareinvestingheavilyincleanenergyinfrastructure.Despitetheseefforts,gridintegrationremainsacomplextechnicalandeconomichurdle,requiringadvancedforecastingmodelsandsmartgridtechnologies.1.Whatisthemainchallengeassociatedwithrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpower?A)HighinitialinstallationcostsB)IntermittencyandgridstabilityissuesC)LimitedscalabilityinremoteareasD)Lackofgovernmentsupport(Answer:B)2.Whichregionishighlightedasakeymarketforenergystorageexpansionby2030?A)EuropeB)NorthAmericaC)Asia-PacificD)Africa(Answer:C)3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisessentialforimprovinggridintegrationofrenewableenergy?A)IncreasingfossilfuelgenerationB)DeployingadvancedforecastingandsmartgridtechnologiesC)ReducingconsumerdemandforelectricityD)Relyingsolelyonbatterystorage(Answer:B)Passage2Constructionautomationhasrevolutionizedthebuildingindustryinthepastdecade.Drones,robotics,andBuildingInformationModeling(BIM)havenotonlyimprovedefficiencybutalsoenhancedsafetyonconstructionsites.Forinstance,autonomousdronesarenowwidelyusedforsurveyingandmonitoringlargeinfrastructureprojects,reducingtheneedforhumanworkersinhazardousenvironments.Meanwhile,roboticarmsequippedwithsensorscanperformrepetitivetaskslikebricklayingorweldingwithhighprecision.However,theadoptionofthesetechnologiesvariesbyregion.DevelopedcountrieslikeJapanandGermanyleadinautomationadoption,whileemergingeconomiesinSoutheastAsiaarestillintheearlystagesduetohighinvestmentcostsandashortageofskilledlabor.Industryexpertspredictthatfullyautomatedconstructionprojectswillbecomemainstreamby2040.4.Whattechnologicaladvancementsaredescribedaskeydriversofconstructionautomation?A)ArtificialintelligenceandmachinelearningB)Drones,robotics,andBIMC)Solar-poweredtoolsD)Traditionalcranesandexcavators(Answer:B)5.Whyaresomedevelopingcountriesslowtoadoptconstructionautomation?A)LackofgovernmentpoliciessupportingautomationB)HighcostsandskilledlaborshortagesC)PreferenceformanuallaborovermachinesD)Limitedinfrastructureforsupportingautomatedsystems(Answer:B)6.Accordingtothepassage,whenarefullyautomatedconstructionprojectsexpectedtobecomecommon?A)By2030B)By2040C)By2025D)Never,asmanuallaborwillalwaysbepreferred(Answer:B)Part2:True/False/NotGivenQuestions(判斷題)共5題，每題2分，總計(jì)10分Passage3Hydrogenfuelcellsaregainingattentionasacleanenergysolutionfortransportationandindustrialapplications.Unlikecombustionengines,fuelcellsgenerateelectricitythroughanelectrochemicalreactionbetweenhydrogenandoxygen,emittingonlywatervaporasabyproduct.However,thewidespreadadoptionofhydrogenfuelcellsfacesseveralobstacles.Thehighcostofproducing"greenhydrogen"(producedviaelectrolysisusingrenewableenergy)remainsamajorbarrier.Additionally,thecurrentlackofarobusthydrogenrefuelinginfrastructureinmanyregionshinderscommercialization.Researchersareworkingoncost-effectivecatalystsandmoreefficientelectrolysismethodstoaddressthesechallenges.JapanandSouthKoreaareamongthefirstcountriestoinvestheavilyinhydrogenfuelcelltechnology,aimingtoreducetheircarbonemissionsby2050.7.TrueorFalse:Hydrogenfuelcellsproducecarbondioxideasabyproduct.(Answer:False)8.TrueorFalse:Greenhydrogenismoreexpensivetoproducethantraditionalhydrogen.(Answer:True)9.TrueorFalse:JapanandSouthKoreaarenotinvestinginhydrogenfuelcelltechnology.(Answer:False)10.NotGiven:Isthelackofrefuelinginfrastructureachallengeforhydrogenfuelcells?(Answer:NotGiven)Part3:FillintheBlanks(填空題)共5題，每題3分，總計(jì)15分Passage4Civilengineeringprojectsoftenrequireprecisegeotechnicalsurveystoensurestructuralstability.AdvancedtechniquessuchasGroundPenetratingRadar(GPR)andseismicimaginghavebecomeindispensabletoolsinthisfield.GPR,forexample,useselectromagneticwavestodetectsubsurfaceanomaliessuchasvoids,pipes,orbedrocklayers.Thistechnologyisparticularlyusefulinurbanareaswhereburiedinfrastructureiscomplex.Seismicimaging,ontheotherhand,analyzesgroundvibrationstoassesssoilpropertiesandpotentialriskslikeliquefaction.Bothmethodsrelyheavilyondatainterpretation,whichrequiresspecializedtraining.Inrecentyears,machinelearningalgorithmshavebeenintegratedintothesetechnologiestoimproveaccuracyandefficiency.Forinstance,AI-drivenGPRcannowautomaticallydetectandclassifysubsurfacefeaturesinreal-time,savingsignificanttimeforengineers.11.WhatdoesGPRusetodetectsubsurfacefeatures?(Answer:Electromagneticwaves)12.Whyisseismicimagingimportantincivilengineering?(Answer:Toassesssoilpropertiesandriskslikeliquefaction)13.HowhasmachinelearningimprovedGPRtechnology?(Answer:Byenablingreal-timedetectionandclassificationofsubsurfacefeatures)14.WhereisGPRparticularlyuseful?(Answer:Inurbanareaswithcomplexburiedinfrastructure)15.Whatistheprimarypurposeofsubsurfacesurveysincivilengineering?(Answer:Toensurestructuralstability)Part4:SummaryCompletion(概要填空)共5題，每題3分，總計(jì)15分Passage5Theconstructionoflarge-scaleinfrastructureprojects,suchasbridgesandtunnels,hasbeensignificantlyimpactedbyclimatechange.Risingsealevelsandextremeweathereventsposethreatstocoastalinfrastructure,necessitatinginnovativedesignsolutions.Forexample,floatingbridgesandelevatedstructuresarebeingdevelopedtomitigatefloodrisks.Additionally,sustainablematerialslikerecycledconcreteandself-healingconcretearegainingtractiontoreducetheenvironmentalfootprintofconstruction.Governmentsandprivatecompaniesarealsoexploringmodularconstructiontechniques,whichallowforfasterdeploymentandeasieradaptationtochangingconditions.However,theseinnovationsrequiresubstantialupfrontinvestmentandcoordinationamongmultiplestakeholders.TheEuropeanUnionhassetambitioustargetstoreduceinfrastructure-relatedcarbonemissionsby50%by2050,drivingresearchineco-friendlyconstructionmethods.Instructions:CompletethesummarybelowusingNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachblank.Theincreasingthreatofclimatechangeisforcingengineerstodevelopnewdesignsforcoastalinfrastructure,suchas_______bridgesandelevatedstructurestoavoidflooding.Sustainablematerialslike_______concretearealsobeingusedtoreduceenvironmentalimpact.Modularconstructiontechniquesarebeingexploredfortheirabilityto_______andadapttochangingconditions.TheEuropeanUnionaimstocutinfrastructure-relatedcarbonemissionsby_______by2050.1._______(Answer:floating)2._______(Answer:recycled)3._______(Answer:deploy)4._______(Answer:50%)AnswersandExplanationsPart1:MultipleChoiceQuestions1.B)Intermittencyandgridstabilityissues–Thepassageexplicitlymentionsthatsolarandwindpowerareintermittent,posingchallengesforgridstability.2.C)Asia-Pacific–ThetextstatesthatChinaandIndiaareinvestingheavilyinenergystorage,makingtheAsia-Pacificregionthekeymarket.3.B)Deployingadvancedforecastingandsmartgridtechnologies–Thepassagehighlightstheseasessentialforimprovinggridintegration.4.B)Drones,robotics,andBIM–Thesetechnologiesarelistedasdriversofconstructionautomation.5.B)Highcostsandskilledlaborshortages–Thepassageattributesslowadoptiontofinancialbarriersandlackofexpertiseindevelopingcountries.6.B)By2040–Thetextforecaststhatfullyautomatedconstructionwillbecomemainstreambythisyear.Part2:True/False/NotGivenQuestions7.False–Hydrogenfuelcellsemitonlywatervapor,notcarbondioxide.8.True–Greenhydrogenismoreexpensiveduetoelectrolysiscosts.9.False–JapanandSouthK