Teachersbook

Overview

ContentsListeningfocusesSpeakingfocuses

Session1

Topic1:Howtochoose?Identifyingpurposes?Expressingpurposes

tablelamps?Recognizingkeywords

*Listeningforspecific

information

Topic2:Ergonomic?Identifyingtopics?Expressingpurposes

kneelingchair?Summarizingideas■Explainingideas

?Listeningforspecific

information

?Understandingexplanations

?Identifyingdifficultiesinword

recognition

Topic3:1lowtosetupan■Identifyingtopics

ergonomic?Summarizingideas

workstation?Listeningforspecific

information

?Identifyingdifficultiesinword

recognition

Session2

Topic1:Thebestpillow*Understandinggeneral?Givingreasons

foryouprinciples?Usingconnectives

?Understandingclassification

asapatternoforganization

?Identifyingdifficultiesinword

recognition

Topic2:Howtofindthe*Identifyingtopics■Explainingideas

rightpairofrunning?Understandingclassification?Usingconnectives

shoesasapatternoforganization

?Understandingexplanations

?Identifyingdifficultiesinword

recognition

Topic3:Newsleep?IdentifyinRtopics

gadgets?Understandingprocesses

?Identifyingevaluations

?Identifyingdifficultiesinword

recognition

i

Session1

Topic1:Howtochoosetablelamps

Taskl

Notes:

1.ThefocusoftraininginUnits3and4iswordrecognitionandwordlearning,withthisunit

focusingontherootcausesofwordrecognitiondifficulties.Asnewwordscauseamajor

difficulty,thewarm-uptaskinthefirstthreetopicsfocusesonwordlearning.Thisparticular

taskaimsatfamiliarizingthestudentswithwordsforthedifferentpartsofatablelamp.

2.Inpreparationfortheself-assessmenttasks,theteachermaydiscussthemeaningofthe

followingtwowords:

?Shade:Thiswordcouldmean“l(fā)ampshade”or^comparativedarkncss.^^Thelatterisa

morefamiliarmeaning,whereastheibrmermaybeanewmeaningforthestudents.

?Finish:Thisisusedasanounhereinsteadofaverb,anditsmeaningmaybeunfamiliar

tosomestudents.

Key:

LampA:g.LEDlights,i.Z-bar;

LampB:b.bronze-finishbase,h.pullchain;

LampC:f.flexiblegooseneck,g.LEDlights;

LampD:a.adjustableswingarm,b.bronze-finishbase,c.cone-shapedshade,d.downward

shade,e.fabricshade

Task2

Notes:

1.Thegeneralconsiderationsarepurposeoflightingandstyle.Color,size,shape,andfinish

aremorespecificconsiderations.

2.Thebasicconsiderationscanbeidentifiedthroughrecognizingthekeywords.

Key:

Brandandpricearenotdiscussed.

Task3

Notes:

Thefollowingpotentialdifficultiescanbediscussedasapreludetotheself-assessmenttaskin

Topic2.Thepointtobemadeinthistaskisthatwordsmaycarrydifferentmeaningsindifferent

contextsandcanbeusedasdifferentpartsofspeech.

?"Pair”isusedasaverbinthefirstsuggestion.

?"Finish“isusedasanoun.

?“Sh叩e"soundssimilarto“shade”.

?"Light(incolor)“isusedasanadjective,tobedistinguishedwiththenoun“l(fā)ight”.

Key:

PurposeSuggestions

GenerallightingPairtablelampsonthetable

LightingforfocusedactivitiesBottomofshadeateyelevelwhenseated

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?Shade=1/2-3/4heightofbase

?Bulbandsocketinvisible

?Downwardshadeoradjustablearm

Style?Modernshapeformodernroom

?Lampbasematchesotherfixturesinfinish

?Rightshapefortheshade

?Lightcolorformoreoutput

?Changetheshade

Task4

Notes:

Themissingpartsaredifferentexpressionsofpurpose.Mostoftheseareto-infinitivesor

prepositionalphrasesstartingwith“fbr”.

Key:

Checktheunderlinedpartsofthetranscript.

Task5

Notes:

EncouragethestudentstousetheexpressionsofpurposelearnedinTask4.

Transcript

Portable,colorfulandavoidable,tablelampsareatemficwaytobrightenaroom.Butbeforeyou

browsetheaisles,askyourselfacoupleofquestions:WhattypeoflightingdoIneed?

Tosupolygenerallighiing.pairtabiclampsonaconsoletabichereoronahallwaytabichere.

Forfocusedaclivitieslikereadingorsurfingatablet,makesurethebottomoftheshadeisateye

levelwhenyou,reseated.Youalsowanttheshadetobeonehalftothreequarterstheheightofthe

base.And,thebulbandsocketshouldn'tbevisible.Lampswithadownwardshadeoran

adjustablearmJetyoufocuslightwhereit'sneeded.Dependingonthesizeandnumberof

surfacesinaroom,twotothreetablelampsisagoodnileofthumb.

Whataboutstyle?Youwantyourlamp'ssize,shapeandstyletobalancewiththerestofthe

room.Forexample,matchmodernshapestomodemrooms,traditionaltotraditional.Anddon't

forgetfinishes.Ifyourroomhasotherfixturesinantiquebronze,lookforthatfinishinlampbases.

Shadescanalsohaveabigstyleimpact.Considerdnim,cone,pagoda,cylinderandothershapes.

Pickashadethat'slightincolororhasalightweightfabricformorelightoutput.Sometimesjust

changingtheshadecanbetiin-tryputtingaboldnewshadeonathriftstorelampbase.

Fromgenerallightingtotasklighting,there'satablelampfbrthejob.

Topic2:Ergonomickneelingchair

Task1

Notes:

1.Inelicitingthestudents,explanationwhythechairiscalledakneelingchair,drawtheir

attentiontothetwoseatpads.Obviouslytheupperseatpadisnotfortheback,asithasa

smallslope.Seeingthattheupperseatpadisforthehip,itiseasytounderstandthatthe

lowerseatpadisfortheknees,forwhichsakethechairiscalledakneelingchair.

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2.Askthestudentswhoneedssuchachairtominimizephysicaleffortanddiscomfort.

Task2

Notes:

Whilemostofthetopicscanbeidentifiedbythekeywords,thetopicsoffunction,evaluation,

andcautionsinvolvesomedegreeofsummarization.

Key:

Onlycolorisnotdiscussedbythespeaker.Forprice,thespeakerdoesnotgivetheexactprice,

butsaysitisinexpensive.

Task3

Notes:

1.LinkthistasktoTask2bydiscussingthetopicofeachstatement.Identifyingthetopicsand

identifyingthedetailsaretwointerrelatedstepsinlisteningcomprehension.

2.Thetopicforeachstatementissuggestedinparenthesesinthekey.

Key:

1.ThiskneelingchairismanufacturedbyFlashFui~niture.(manufacturer)

2.ThespeakergotthischairfromA.(retailer)

3.ThechairisdesignedtopromotegoodDosture.(function)

4.Aherniateddisccausesbackpaininthespeaker,(reasonforthepurchase)

5.Thechairputshisbodywc.ghtonhisknees,(function)

6.Tocompletetheassembly,youneedtopulboltsinthesealpads,(assembly)

7.Youalsoneedtoattachthecasterwheels,(assembly)

8.Youcanadjusttheangleandheightofthechair,(adjustment)

9.Thechairismadeofrealwood,(material)

1().Thespeakerfeelspleasedv/iththechair,(evaluation)

11.Themaximumweightlimitfbrthechairis200pounds.(cautions)

Task4

Notes:

Analyzethelogicofthespeaker'sexplanation:Ihaveaherniateddisc->sittingisverypainful

(I'vebeenstrugglingwithbackpainfbrthelastthreeweeks)->1gotone(kneelingchair)->It

putsmostoftheweightonmyknees&mybackstaysalittlestraighter->itdoesn'tputsomuch

pressureonmylowerback->Achairlikethis...doesn'tcausemuchpain.Thisisagoodexample

ofergonomics.

Task5

Notes:

Remindthestudentsthatapartfromtheexampleofaherniateddisc,adjustmentisanother

exampleofergonomics.

Task6

Notes:

ThistaskcanbecompletedtogetherwithTask7.

4

Key:

Checktheunderlinedpartsofthetranscript.

Task7

Notes:

1.Possiblecategorizationresults

?Newword:assemble,assembly,bolt,pad,attach,wrench,peg,sturdy,wobble,sticker,

maximum

?Mistakenpronunciaticn:(noexample)

?Wrongpronunciation:(noexample)

?Unfamiliaraccent:(noexample)

?Unfamiliarmeaning:review,settings,pressed

?Unfamiliaruse:inexpensive(vs.cheap),Philips,packaging,angle,heal(vs.cure),

improve(asanintransitiveverb)

?Unlamiliarcollocation:knee(chair),pressed(wood),holdup.(doalotof)sitting

2.Noexamplesformistakenpronunciation,wrongpronunciation,andunfamiliaraccentare

givenabove,buttheteachermaygivesomeexamplestakenfromearliertopicsandunits.For

example,thewords“shape”and“shade“maybeconfusedwitheachotherinTopicIofthis

session(mistakenpronunciation),andtheword“rebel“inTopic3(LifeinaSyrianrefugee

camp),Session2,Unit2maybewronglypronouncedwiththestressonthesecondsyllable

(wrongpronunciation).

Transcript

TodayI'mgoingtodoareviewofaratherunusualofficechair.Itcomesfromacompanycalled

FlashFurnitureandit'savailablefromlotsofonlineretailersincludingAwhereI

purchasedmine.Ifyou'reanof-ice-dwellerlikeIamandyoudoalotofsittingyoumaywant(to)

takealookatthischair.

Thesechairsarecommonlyreferredtoasakneelingcheirorkneechairandthey're

designedtobeergonomicandtopromotegoodposture.ThereasonIgotoneisthatI'vebeen

strugglingwithbackpainforthelastthreeweeks-Ihaveaherniateddiscandifsreallyaffected

myabilitytosit—sittingisverypainful,butIfoundthatachairlikethisworksmuchbetterand

doesn/tcausemuchpain.Itputsmostoftheweightonmykneesandsoitdoesn'tputsomuch

pressureonmylowerbackasmybackstaysalittlestraighter.

ForthischairwasoneofthemoreinexpensiveonesonAmazonsoIwasn'tquitesureabout

it,butithadgoodreviewssoIpurchasedit.Whenitcamethemainpartofthechairwasalready

assembled.Allwehadtodoisputfourboltsineachoftheseatpads.Andwhatyouneedforthat

isaPhilipsscrewdriver.Theotherthingwehadtodoisattachthecasterwheelsandthereisa

wrenchincludedinthepackaRinHtodothatsotheassemblyisprettyquick.

Seehere,it'sadjustable.Youhavefourdifferentsettingshere-youjustputitonthepe-

youwantdependingonhowtallyouareandwhatangleandwhatheightyouwantthechair.One

thingImightaddisthiswoodisrealwood-it'sniceandsturdyatall.There'snowobblingor

anythingwiththischair.WhereverIseefurnituremadeoutofwoodIalwayswonderifit's

pressedwoodorifitzsarealthing.Well,thisisarealthing-it'sniceandsturdyanditlooksto

melikeitshouldholdupverywellovertime.

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I'veusedthischairjustforacoupleofdaysandI'mprettypleasedwithit.Ihopetouseit

evenaftermybackheals.HopefullyifIkeepgoodpostureanddosomeexercisinghopefullyI

won'thavethishappenagain.IdoalotofsittinginmyjobandIhaveafeelingthatmaybepart

ofthereasonwhyIendedupintheshapeI'minbutthingsarestartingtoimproveandIreally

likethischair.Ithinkitwillbeprettyhelpful.Idonoticethereisastickeronthischairthat

indicatesthatithasamaximumweightlimitof200pounds.Hopefullythisreviewhelpsyououtif

you'lldecidewhetherornottopurchasethis.Thanksforwatchingandfllseeyounexttime!

Topic3:Howtosetupanergonomicworkstation

Taskl

Notes:

1.Makesuretheideaofergonomicsiscleartothestudents.Emphasizetwotypesoffactors:

designfactorsandhumanfactors.

2.Encouragethestudentstodiscusstheirownexperience.Thefollowingsuggestionsare

adaptedfromawebsite(/od/faq/ss/How-To-Sit-At-Work.htm)for

theteacher'sreference.

PictureSetupfeaturesRisks

Aseattoolow/desktoohightightshoulders,pressureonwrists,crickinneck

andmonitortoohigh

Btoomuchstuffunderthenoplacetoputfeetandlegsinagoodposture

deskposition

CdesktoohighWhenthefeetarenotsupportedbythefloor,it

pullsonthelowbackandpoorposturessuchas

restingthefeetonchairlegsorotherplaces

compoundproblemsovertime.

DuncontainedworkspaceConstantlyreachingandleaningforthingsyou

needleadstochronicimbalancesinthebody.

Eofficechairtoobig,toohigh,Legsandfeetarenotwellsupportedwhichpulls

toodeepthewholebodyoutofline.Lumbarspineisnot

supported.Weightofarmsispullingon

shouldersandneck.

FchairtoolowElbowsbelowwriststakesthehand-wrist-elbow

alignmentoutofbalanceputtingpressureon

handsandwrists.

Task2

Notes:

Thefirstfourtopicscanbeidentifiedthroughthekeywords.Thelasttopicinvolvesacertain

degreeofsummarization,wherefurtherrecommendationsincludewatchingasimilarvideoon

eyestrain,consultingexperts,andvisitingtherecommendedwebsite.

Key:

b.findyourneutralposture今d.positionyourkeyboardandmouse今e.setupyourscreenfa.

adjustyourchairfc.furtherrecommendations

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Task3

Key:

Screen

arm-lengthdistance

Wrist

eyesonaddressbar

Donotusewristrest

tilttoavoidreflections

Fortwomonitors

Elbow

closetoeachother

Staybyyoursides

sidebyside

KeyboardandmouseChair

1-2inchesabovethighsgoodlumbarsupport

shoulderdistanceapartfist-sizedspace

parallelwiththighsbetweenseatand

keyboardkeptflatbackofknees

Feet-------------------------

keeponfloor

usefootrestifnecessary

Task4

Notes:

ThistaskcouldbecombinedwithTask5ifitiscompletedinclass.

Key:

Checktheunderlinedpartsofthetranscript.

Tasks

Notes:

Possiblecategorizationresults

?Newword:comfy,thigh,kickstand,cut-and-dry,tilt

?Mistakenpronunciaticn:(noexample)

?Wrongpronunciation:(noexample)

?Unfamiliaraccent:(noexample)

?Unfamiliarmeaning:rest(asin"wristrest")，pan(asin"panyourarm")

?Unfamiliaruse:position(asaverb),hello(asaverb:tosay"hello"to),crane(asaverb),

land(asaverb),slide(asaverb),pan(asaverb),center(asaverb)

?Unfamiliarcollocation:keyboardtray,shoulderdistanceapart(also“shoulderwidth

apart"),sweetspot

Transcript

Whenwearetothinkaboutwhatagooddesksetupwouldlooklike,it'stositbackinyourchair

andrelax.Formostpeopleituouldlooksomethinglikethis,yourfeetareonthefloor,youare

leaningbackalittlebit,yourshouldersarerelaxed,andyourhandsareonyourlap.Thisiscalled

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yourneutralposture,andifyoucankeepitthiswaywhileyouworkyouwillbeingoodshape.

With(hatinmindlet'sbuildanergonomicworkstation.

Themostimportantpartofacomfydeskismakingsureyourkeyboardandmouseare

positionedcorrectly.Consideringthisneutralpostureyourkeyboardshouldbesetonetotwo

inchesaboveyourthighsandshouldbecloseenoughtousethatyourelbowsstaybyyoursides.

Formostpeoplethatprobablymeansgettingakeyboardirayorloweringyourdesk,butremember

onlyonetotwoinchesabovethetopofyourlegs.Whenyou'rethereDositionyourdevicessothat

theyareclosetoshoulderdistanceapartandthattheyareparallelwithyourthighs,sothatyouare

notextendingyourwristslikethis.Keepthekeyboardflatandfbrgetaboutusingthoselittle

kickslands.Andspeakingofyourwrists,don'teveruseawristrest.Restingyourpalmsisone

thing,butthemomentyouuseawristrestyoucutoffbloodcirculationandhellocarpaltunnel

(syndrome).

NextupI'vegotacoupleofusefultipsforsettingupyourscreen.First,thedistance.Ifit's

toofhrawayyou'llstartcraningyournecktoreadwhat'sonthescreen.Tofindthesweetspot

extendyourarmandthetipofyourmiddlefingershouldlandonyourscreen.Soslidethemonitor

forwardorbackuntilyoufindthatspot.Ifyouhavetwomonitorssetthemupsidebysideatan

angle,keepthemascloseaspossibletoeachothersothatwhenyou￡anyourarminanarcyour

fingertipreachesbothscreens.InthiscaseIusethisscreenmoreoften,socenteritalittlebitmore.

Nowlefstalkaboutheight.Thereisnocut-and-dryrule,buthereisalittletrick.Facingyour

monitor,closeyoureyes.Whenyouopenthemyoureyesshouldlandontheaddressbar.Ifthey

don't,lowerorraisethemonitorseitherwiththebuill-inoption,withtherisersorwithbooks.Last

ofalltiltthosemonitorsjustasmidgetoavoidreflections.

Whereeverythingfinallycomestogetherisyourchair.Itsupportsyourback,yourbottom,

andofcourseyourposture.Therearelotsofchairstochoosefrombutafewimportantthingsto

lookoutfor.First,itshouldhavegoodlumbarsupportforyourback.Andwhenyousitdown

thereshouldbealittlespacebetweentheedgeofyourseatandthebackofyourknees,aboutthe

sizeofyourfist.Thenthelastthingtodoistomakesureyourfeetdon'tdangle.Iftheyarc

danglingdon"adjusttheheightofthechairbecauseyouwillmesseverythingelseup.Instead

grabafootrest,slipitunderyourdesk,andproblemsolved.

Atthispointyoushouldhaveaprettygoodideaofwhatanergonomicdesksetupshould

looklike.Fromhereyoumightwanttowatchmyvideoonavoidingeyestrain.AndIhavetosayit.

1talkedtoacoupleofergonomicsexpertsandthisiswhattheyrecommended.Butgoaheadand

talktoyourphysicianoranergonomicsspecialisttofindoutwhatsortofsetupwouldsuityour

needs.

Session2

Topic1:Thebestpillowforyou

Task1

Notes:

InconnectiontoSession1,theinstructormayremindthestudentsoftheideaofergonomicsand

discusstherelationshipbetweendesignandhumanneed.

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Task2

Notes:

Continuewiththeideaofergonomicsandtherelationshipbetweendesignandhumanneed.The

questionsfbcusonhumanfactors,whilethedesignfactorsarcdealtwithinTask3.

Key:

I.Goodsleepposture

2.Stomachsleepers,backsleepers,andsidesleepers

Task3

Notes:

Referringbacktotheself-assessmenteftbrtsinSession1,theteachermayelaborateonthe

meaningof"down'、，asitmaybeafomiliarwordthatcaniesanunfamiliarmeaning.Theteacher

mayalsoremindthestudentsofitsmeaninginthevideoaboutCarolineKinna,thestudentathlete

atFrederickCommunityCollege(Session2,Unit1),whosays“youknowyoualwayshave

somebodyifyou'refeelingdown”.

Key:

SuggestionsReasons

1)softerpillowforastomachsleeper?tokeepyourheadfromrisinguptoomuch

2)mediumpillowforabacksleeper?tomaintainthestraghtcnin。normalpostureofthe

spine

3)firmpillowforasidesleeper?topreventtheheadfrombendingdowntoofar

4)nofeatherordownpillowsfor?toavoidsneezing

allergysufferers

5)changeapillowwhenitwearsout?foryourhealth

Task4

Notes:

1.Tofurtherraisetheconsciousnessofthestudents,askthemtocompletethetranscriptwith

connectivesbeforewatchingthevideoagain.

2.Discusstheimportanceofconnectivesinthelogicaldevelopmentofideas.

3.Thecommonlogicunderlyingthethreetypesofsleepersis:Ifyouarcacertaintypeof

sleeper,thenyoushouldchooseacertaintypeofpillow,because...

Key:

Checktheunderlinedpartsofthetranscript.

Task5

Notes:

Makesurethestudentsgivesufficientexplanation.

Transcript

Hi,therearcsomanyquestionsaboutwhichpillowisthebestpillowfbrmetosleepon.Letme

justtellyoubrieflyaboutpillows.Therearemanymanypillowsoutthere.Therearedownpillows,

leatherpillows,foampillows,memoryfbampillows,syntheticpillows;theygoonandonandon.

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It'sabigbusiness.Butwhatisbestforyou?

Firstofall,whenyousleepthebestfbryoutosleepisonyourbackoryourside,butlookal

myposturerightnow.Myearsshouldbeinlevelwithmyshouldersonbothsides.Standingup,

sittingdown,lyingdown,nomzltcrwhatyou'redoing,that'sthepostureyouwanttomaintain.So

Iwilltellyouforthestomachsleepers,whichisnotthebestpositiontosleepin,Irecommend

usingasofterpillow.Why?Becauseasofterpillowwillkeepyourheadfromrisingupfurther

thanwhatitshouldbeinthefirstplace.Ifyoifreabacksleeper,Irecommendthatyouusea

mediumpillow,nottoohard,nottoosoft,becausethereforewecanstillmaintainthestraightening

normalpostureofthespine.Butjfyou'reasidesleeper,definitelynotasoftpillow,preferablya

firmpillowbecausethefirmpillowisgoingtohelpholdyourheaduphigher,soyourhead

doesn'tbenddowntoofar,sowedon'tgetthatkinkinourneckwhenwewakeup.

Therearcsomanypillowsoutthere,butthemostimportantpartaboutapillowismaking

surethatyourearsstayinlinewithyourshoulderswhenyousleep.Andagain,allergysufferers,

watchoutfbrthosefeatherpillowsandthosedownpillows.Youriaybcwakingupsneezingand

notrealizingwhereifscomingfrom.Anddon'tforgettochangeyourpillowwhenyouneedto,

becausetheydowearouttooanditisyourhealth.Somakeitagreatday.I'mDr.AlanMandell.

Topic2:Howtofindtherightpairofrunningshoes

Task1

Notes:

Again,remindthestudentsoftherelationshipbetweendesignandhumanneedandaskthemto

givesufficientexplanation.

Task2

Notes:

1.Thisvideoissomewhattechnicalinnature.Tomakethistaskeasier,theteachermaypause

thevideoattransitionpointsandaskthestudentstoidentifythesubtopics.

2.Towardtheendofthevideothefemalespeakersuggeststhelessimportantconsiderations,

“S。youwanttosplurgeonsomethingwiththerightlevelofsupportregardlessofcolor,style,

orbrand.”

Key:

Thefollowingpointsarcdiscussedinsequence:

lootshapedfootsupport->breathabilily^cushioning->shoesize

Task3

Notes:

1.Theideaofpronationisdifficultfbrsomestudents.Thiswillb?treatedwithmoredetailin

Task4.

2.Tohelpthestudentsgetthedetails,thetrichotomyofshoes(stability,neutral,andmotion

control)maybeanalogizedtothetrichotomyofsleepingposturesinTopic1(stomach,side,

back).

Key:

1.F2.T3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T8.F9.T10.T

10

Task4

Notes:

1.Definitionofpronate:totumorrotate(thefoot)byabductionandeversionsothattheinner

edgeofthesolebearsthebody'sweight.(AmericanHeritageDictionaryoftheEnglish

Language,5thedition)

2.Analysisoftheexplanationgiveninthevideo

ExplanationAnalysis

Well,topronatemeans,well,afterwestrike,Informaldefinition

whenourfullfootbecomesflatfromheelto

forefoot,touchingtheground.

Mostpeople,about90%ofthepopulation,Descriptivestatistichelpsrelatetheideato

actuallyover-pronate.experience—mostofusover-pronate一an

excessivepartofourfoottouchestheground.

Soifyoulookatthisrockingmotionhere,Othersigns-ankleandarchescollapsing

withyourankleandyourarchescollapsing,

tellsmethatyoudohavesomeover-pronation

goingon.

WedowantamoderatestabilityshoejusttoSolvingtheproblemofover-pronation

liftyoutothisneutralposition,here.

Task5

Notes:

1.Makesurethestudentsgivesufficientexplanation.

2.RemindthestudentsofthecommonlogicofdevelopmentdiscussedinTopic1.

Task6

Notes:

Theuseof"solemate“atthebeginningi