全國職稱英語等級考試綜合類B級試題及答案第一部分詞匯選項（第1—15題，每題1分，共15分）下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選出1個與劃線部分意義最接近的答案。1.Thecommitteedecidedtopostponethefinalvoteuntilallmembershadreadtherevisedproposal.A.cancel?B.delay?C.reject?D.repeat答案：B2.Thenewpolicywillimposestricterlimitsonovertimework.A.remove?B.increase?C.enforce?D.ignore答案：C3.Hisspeechwasconciseandtothepoint,leavingnoroomformisinterpretation.A.lengthy?B.vague?C.brief?D.humorous答案：C4.Thelaboratoryisequippedwithsophisticatedinstrumentsthatcandetectminutequantitiesofpollutants.A.tiny?B.harmful?C.visible?D.heavy答案：A5.Themanagertriedtoappeasetheangrycustomerbyofferingafullrefund.A.ignore?B.calm?C.challenge?D.charge答案：B6.Thenoveldepictsrurallifeinthe1920swithremarkableaccuracy.A.praises?B.describes?C.compares?D.predicts答案：B7.Theathlete’sperformancewasmediocrecomparedwithherpreviousrecord.A.outstanding?B.average?C.improving?D.declining答案：B8.Thecontractexplicitlystatesthateitherpartymayterminatetheagreementwiththirtydays’notice.A.clearly?B.secretly?C.orally?D.roughly答案：A9.Thescientistremainsskepticalaboutthevalidityofthenewtheory.A.convinced?B.doubtful?C.excited?D.informed答案：B10.Thegovernmenthasallocatedadditionalfundstoupgradethenationalhighwaysystem.A.reduced?B.borrowed?C.assigned?D.returned答案：C11.Thejournalistwaspraisedforhercandidremarksduringtheinterview.A.polite?B.frank?C.humorous?D.prepared答案：B12.Thesuddendropintemperatureacceleratedtheripeningprocessofthefruit.A.slowed?B.spedup?C.stabilized?D.reversed答案：B13.Thehistorian’snewbookchallengestheconventionalviewoftheevent.A.supports?B.questions?C.repeats?D.ignores答案：B14.Thecompany’sprofitshavefluctuatedwildlyoverthepastthreequarters.A.risensteadily?B.variedirregularly?C.fallensharply?D.remainedstable答案：B15.Thespeakerusedananecdotetoillustratehismainargument.A.confuse?B.prove?C.clarify?D.replace答案：C第二部分閱讀判斷（第16—22題，每題1分，共7分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，選擇C。短文：In1973,thesmalltownofMiddlefordinOhiobecametheunlikelycenterofamedicalbreakthrough.Dr.ElainePorter,alocalpediatrician,noticedthatchildrenlivingneartheabandonedbatteryfactoryshowedunusuallyhighlevelsofleadintheirblood.Overthenextfiveyears,shecollectedsoil,waterandairsamples,oftenpayingforlaboratorytestsoutofherownsalary.Herfindingseventuallypersuadedthestatelegislaturetoallocatefundsforacomprehensivecleanup.By1980,leadconcentrationsintheareahaddroppedby78percent,andsubsequentstudiesrevealeda42percentdeclineinlearningdifficultiesamongthetown’sschoolchildren.Middlefordlaterbecameamodelforsimilarcommunitiesacrossthenation.16.Dr.Porterwasemployedbyastateenvironmentalagency.答案：B17.ThebatteryfactoryhadstoppedoperatingbeforeDr.Porterbeganherstudy.答案：A18.Thetown’spopulationdecreasedsignificantlyduringthecleanupperiod.答案：C19.Dr.Porterreceivedfederalgrantstocoverallherlaboratoryexpenses.答案：B20.BloodleadlevelsinMiddlefordchildrenfellafterthecleanup.答案：A21.Thecleanupprojectwascompletedinlessthanfouryears.答案：B22.OthertownslateradoptedMiddleford’sapproachtoleadcontamination.答案：A第三部分概括大意與完成句子（第23—30題，每題1分，共8分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有4個概括句和4個不完整句子，請分別完成。短文：Urbanforests—definedasnetworksoftreesandvegetationgrowingwithincities—providefarmorethanaestheticappeal.Researchconductedacross25mid-sizedEuropeancitiesshowsthateveryadditional10percentoftreecoverreducessummerambienttemperaturesby0.6°C,cuttingair-conditioningdemandby2.7percent.Thesamecanopyinterceptsupto18percentofannualrainfall,reducingpressureonstorm-watersystems.Perhapsmoststrikingistheimpactonpublichealth:alongitudinalstudyof340,000residentsfoundthatpeoplelivingonstreetswithmaturetreelineshada12percentlowerriskofcardiovascularevents.Economicgainsarealsomeasurable;propertyvalueswithin100metersofsizablegreenplotsrosebyanaverageof7percentafterfiveyears.Despitethesebenefits,urbanforestsfacethreatsfromcompactdevelopmentpolicies,whichprioritizefloorareaoveropenspace,andfromtightmunicipalbudgetsthatrelegatetreemaintenancetoadiscretionaryitem.概括句：23.Urbanforestslowersummertemperaturesandenergyuse.24.Treecoverreducesrunoffandprotectsdrainageinfrastructure.25.Greenerycorrelateswithmeasurablehealthimprovements.26.Proximitytogreenspaceenhancesreal-estateprices.完成句子：27.Every10percentincreaseintreecovercutscoolingdemandby______.答案：2.7percent28.Astudyof340,000residentslinkedtree-linedstreetstoreduced______risk.答案：cardiovascular29.Municipalbudgetsoftentreattreecareasa______expenditure.答案：discretionary30.Compactdevelopmentpoliciesfavorbuiltfloorareaattheexpenseof______.答案：openspace第四部分閱讀理解（第31—45題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題有4個選項，請選出最佳答案。第一篇WhenthesmallnationofSoleniagainedindependencein1991,itssoleairportconsistedofasinglegrassrunwayandatin-roofedshed.Thirtyyearslater,thefacilityhandles4.3millionpassengersannuallyandranksamongthetoptenregionalhubsforon-timedepartures.Keytothistransformationwasaphasedexpansionstrategythatbeganwithsecuringopen-skiesagreementswithneighboringstates,therebyguaranteeingtrafficvolumesnecessarytojustifyloans.Revenuefromfuelleviesandlandingfeeswasring-fencedintoaninfrastructurefundthatcouldnotbedivertedforotherpurposes.Asecond,lessobviousfactorwasthegovernment’sinsistencethatallretailconcessionsbeawardedtolocalcooperatives,ensuringthatairportprofitscirculatedwithinthedomesticeconomyratherthanleakingtoforeignmultinationals.Today,62percentofconcessionemployeesareshareholders,andturnoverisone-fifththeindustryaveragebecauseworkersresistpoachingbycompetitors.Theairport’sboardnowadvisesemergingstatesonhowtoreplicatetheSoleniamodel.31.Solenia’sairportinitiallysufferedfrom______.A.excessiverainfall?B.outdatedradarsystems?C.primitivefacilities?D.politicalboycotts答案：C32.Open-skiesagreementsweresignedmainlyto______.A.attractairlines?B.lowerticketprices?C.trainpilots?D.importfuel答案：A33.Theinfrastructurefundwasfinancedthrough______.A.incometax?B.fuelandlandingfees?C.foreigndonations?D.passengerdonations答案：B34.Localcooperativeswerefavoredbecausethey______.A.offeredlowerrents?B.keptprofitsathome?C.hadinternationalexperience?D.paidhigherwages答案：B35.Employeeshareownershipresultedin______.A.higherturnover?B.lowerproductivity?C.reducedstaffretention?D.lowerturnover答案：D第二篇In2018,marinebiologistDr.LilaMoreaudeployedanetworkofacousticsensorsacrosstheChukchiSeatomonitortheimpactofretreatingiceonwhalecommunication.Overtwoseasons,herteamrecorded1,800hoursofbelugaandbowheadcalls.Analysisrevealedthatwhaleswereshiftingthefrequencyoftheirsongsupwardbyanaverageof47hertzperyeartoovercomelow-frequencynoisegeneratedbydistantshiptraffic.Evenmoresurprising,thestudydetectedhybridcallsthatblendedsignatureelementsfrombothspecies,suggestinginterspeciessocialbondinginareaswherethinningiceforcedpreviouslyseparatepopulationstosharenarrowcorridors.ThefindingspromptedtheInternationalMaritimeOrganizationtorecommendvoluntaryspeedreductionsandreroutingduringpeakmigrationmonths.Earlydatafrom2021indicatea30percentdropinnear-missencountersbetweenvesselsandwhales.36.Dr.Moreau’sprimaryresearchtoolwas______.A.satellitetags?B.acousticsensors?C.dronecameras?D.nettraps答案：B37.Whalesongsshiftedupwardinfrequencyto______.A.attractmates?B.avoidpredators?C.outcompeteshipnoise?D.echooffice答案：C38.Hybridcallsimplythatthetwospecies______.A.competeforfood?B.sharesocialsignals?C.avoideachother?D.migrateseparately答案：B39.TheIMOrecommendedslowerspeedsmainlyto______.A.savefuel?B.reducecollisions?C.cutemissions?D.lowernoise答案：B40.The2021datashowedencountersdroppedby______.A.10%?B.20%?C.30%?D.40%答案：C第三篇Forcenturies,thesilk-producingtownofFontanellainnorthernItalyguardeditsdyeingrecipeslikestatesecrets.Naturalpigmentsderivedfrompomegranaterind,walnuthullsandlichenwereboiledincoppervats,producinghuesthatneverfaded.Bythe1950s,however,syntheticanilinedyeshadcaptured90percentofthemarket,andFontanella’slastmasterdyer,OttavioRinaldi,closedhisworkshop.Decadeslater,agroupofchemistrystudentsfromMilanPolytechnicdiscoveredthatRinaldi’snotebookscontaineddataonpHlevelsandmetal-saltmordantsthatoutperformedmoderneco-certifications.Workingwithlocalartisans,theyreopenedtheabandoneddyehousein2014,usingsolarthermalpanelstoreplacewood-firedburners.Therevivedformulasattractedluxuryfashionhousesseekingbiodegradablecolors,andwagesinFontanellahaverisen28percentsincethecooperativewasformed.Critically,wastewaternowcontains85percentfewerheavy-metalresiduesthantheEUtextile-industryaverage.41.Fontanella’shistoricaldyeswerenotedfor______.A.lowcost?B.fastness?C.brightfluorescence?D.spicyscent答案：B42.Syntheticdyesdisplacednaturalonesmainlybecauseof______.A.marketdominance?B.governmentbans?C.transportcosts?D.colorvariety答案：A43.Studentsmodernizedtheprocessbyintroducing______.A.nuclearheaters?B.solarthermalpanels?C.coalovens?D.electricboilers答案：B44.Fashionhousesadoptedthedyesduetotheir______.A.biodegradability?B.cheaperprice?C.neonshades?D.fasterdelivery答案：A45.Wastewaterheavy-metalresiduesfellby______.A.15%?B.28%?C.47%?D.85%答案：D第五部分補全短文（第46—50題，每題2分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，短文中有5處空白，請從所給的7個選項中選出5個最佳答案。短文：IntheearlymorningofJune17,1994,astronomerPedroSotowasphotographingthesouthernskyfromanobservatoryintheAtacamaDesert.(46)______.Atfirstheassumedthestreakwasafaultycamerapixel,buttheanomalypersistedwhenheswitchedequipment.(47)______.Withinhours,confirmationcamefromstationsinAustraliaandSouthAfrica:apreviouslyunknowncometwasracingtowardtheinnersolarsystem.(48)______.Thescientificcommunityquicklyrealizedthattheobject,laterdesignatedC/1994N1,wouldpasswithin0.03astronomicalunitsofEarth—closerthananycometinrecordedhistory.Observatoriesworldwidecanceledroutineprogramstotracktheintruder.(49)______.Spectroscopicdatarevealedanucleusrichinorganiccompounds,promptingspeculationthatsimilarobjectsmayhaveseededearlyEarthwithprebioticmolecules.(50)______.Thecomet’sdepartureleftresearcherswithdecadesofdataandanewappreciationforthedynamismofourcosmicneighborhood.選項：A.HealertedcolleaguesviaanurgentemailcircularB.Itsbrightnessincreasedtwentyfoldinjust48hoursC.Oneframeshowedafaint,elongatedstreakagainsttheconstellationScorpiusD.Newspapersdubbedit“thesummervisitor”E.HerecalledfeelingbothaweandtrepidationF.Amateurastronomersjoinedthevigil,submittingover12,000imagesG.Thedesert’shighaltitudeanddrynessprovidedidealviewingconditions答案：46.C?47.A?48.B?49.F?50.D第六部分完形填空（第51—65題，每題1分，共15分閱讀下面短文，文中有15處空白，每空有4個選項，請選出最佳答案。短文：In2009,thecityofTroms?,Norway,embarkedonanambitiousprojecttobecometheworld’sfirst“zero-waste”municipalityabovetheArcticCircle.Theinitiativerequiredhouseholdstoseparatewasteintotendistinctfractions,(51)______organicwaste,plastics,glassandhazardousresidues.Municipaltrucksfittedwithradio-frequencyidentificationreaders(52)______eachbin,ensuringaccuratebillingandparticipationrates.Citizenswhoexceededtheirmonthlythresholdsfacedgradually(53)______fees,whilethosewhostayedbelowreceivedgroceryvouchers.Withinthreeyears,landfilldeposits(54)______by71percent,andthecitybeganexportingsurplusbiogastoneighboringtowns.Theprogram’ssuccesshinged(55)______extensiveeducationcampaigns:kindergartensheldcompostingworkshops,andretireesvisitedhomestofixbrokenitems,(56)______theneedforreplacementpurchases.Localartistswereinvitedtotransformnon-recyclablematerialsintopublicsculptures,(57)______awarenesswhilereducingdisposalvolumes.By2018,Troms?hadachieveda96percentdiversionrate,(58)______theUnitedNationstofeaturethecityinitsannualsustainabilityreport.Yetchallengesremain:seasonaltourismspikesgeneratewastefasterthanfacilitiescanprocess,andpolarnightscomplicatesolar-poweredsortinglines.Officialsnow(59)______acircul