英語自考題目及答案一、詞匯與語法（共30題，每題1分，共30分）題目1.Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobase2.______thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetter.A.ForB.NowC.SinceD.Despite3.Themachinelookedlikealarge,______,oldfashionedtypewriter.A.forcefulB.clumsyC.intenseD.tricky4.Thoughshebeganher______bysinginginalocalpopgroup,sheisnowafamousHollywoodmoviestar.A.employmentB.careerC.occupationD.profession5.Withintwoweeksofarrival,allforeignershadto______withthelocalpolice.A.inquireB.consultC.registerD.resolve6.Consideringyoursalary,youshouldbeableto______atleasttwentydollarsaweek.A.putforwardB.putupC.putoutD.putaside7.Ashehas______ourpatience,we'llnotwaitforhimanylonger.A.tornB.wastedC.exhaustedD.consumed8.Theseteacherstrytobeobjectivewhenthey______theintegratedabilityoftheirstudents.A.justifyB.evaluateC.indicateD.reckon9.Mrs.Morris'sdaughterisprettyand______,andmanygirlsenvyher.A.slenderB.lightC.faintD.minor10.Tomorrowthemayoristo______agroupofCanadianbusinessmenonatourofthecity.A.coordinateB.cooperateC.accompanyD.associate11.I'm______enoughtoknowitisgoingtobeaverydifficultsituationtocompeteagainstthreestrongteams.A.realisticB.consciousC.awareD.radical12.Canyougivemeeventhe______clueastowherehersonmightbe?A.simplestB.slightestC.leastD.utmost13.NormanDaviswillberememberedbymanywith______notonlyasagreatscholarbutalsoasamostdelightfulandfaithfulfriend.A.kindnessB.friendlinessC.warmthD.affection14.Salariesfor______positionsseemtobehigherthanforpermanentones.A.legalB.optionalC.voluntaryD.temporary15.MostpeopleagreethatthepresentroleofwomenhasalreadyaffectedU.S.society.______,ithasaffectedthetraditionalroleofmen.A.AboveallB.InallC.AtmostD.Atlast16.Thescientistwasso______inhisjobthathedidn'thearanybodyknockingatthedoor.A.attractedB.absorbedC.drawnD.concentrated17.Itisobviousthatthisnewruleisapplicabletoeveryonewithout______.A.exceptionB.exclusionC.modificationD.substitution18.Histemperandpersonalityshowthathecanbecomeasoldierofthetop______.A.circleB.rankC.categoryD.grade19.Duringthelecture,thespeakeroccasionally______hispointbyrelatinghisownexperiences.A.illustratedB.hintedC.citedD.displayed20.Onlythosewhocan______tolosetheirmoneyshouldmakehighriskinvestments.A.maintainB.sustainC.endureD.afford21.Hehas______strangehobbieslikecollectingbottletopsandinventingsecretcodes.A.goneonB.goneinforC.gonewithD.gonethrough22.Thepolicearetryingtofindoutthe______ofthewomankilledinthetrafficaccident.A.evidenceB.recognitionC.statusD.identity23.Allherenergiesare______uponherchildrenandsheseemstohavelittletimeforanythingelse.A.guidedB.aimedC.directedD.focused24.Whilecrossingthemountainarea,allthemencarriedgunslestthey______bywildanimals.A.shouldbeattackedB.hadbeenattackedC.mustbeattackedD.wouldbeattacked25.Everyoneshouldbe______toadecentstandardoflivingandanopportunitytobeeducated.A.attributedB.entitledC.identifiedD.justified26.Hiswifeisconstantlyfinding______withhim,whichmakeshimveryangry.A.errorsB.shortcomingsC.faultD.flaw27.Vitaminsarecomplex______thatthebodyrequiresinverysmallamounts.A.mattersB.materialsC.particlesD.substances28.Apartfromcaringforherchildren,shehastotakeonsuchheavy______houseworkascarryingwaterandfirewood.A.timeconsumingB.timelyC.timesavingD.timesensitive29.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely______totheoutsideworld.A.havingbeenlostB.tobelostC.losingD.lost30.Thepoliceseta______tocatchthethieves.A.planB.deviceC.trapD.trick答案1.D?！皁nwhichtobasehisarguments”是“介詞+疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于定語從句“whichhecouldbasehisargumentson”，表示“基于……來論證”。2.B。“Nowthat”是固定短語，意為“既然，由于”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。3.B?！癱lumsy”意為“笨拙的，笨重的”，符合語境，形容機(jī)器像老式打字機(jī)一樣笨重?！癴orceful”意為“有力的”；“intense”意為“強(qiáng)烈的”；“tricky”意為“狡猾的，棘手的”。4.B?！癱areer”指“職業(yè)，生涯”，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)人一生所從事的事業(yè)?！癳mployment”指“工作，就業(yè)”；“occupation”指“職業(yè)，工作”，更強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的工作種類；“profession”通常指需要專門知識(shí)和技能的職業(yè)。5.C?！皉egisterwith”是固定搭配，意為“向……登記，注冊(cè)”，符合外國(guó)人到當(dāng)?shù)叵蚓降怯浀恼Z境?！癷nquire”意為“詢問”；“consult”意為“咨詢，請(qǐng)教”；“resolve”意為“解決，決定”。6.D。“putaside”意為“儲(chǔ)存，留出”，這里指每周至少存20美元?！皃utforward”意為“提出”；“putup”意為“張貼，搭建”；“putout”意為“熄滅，出版”。7.C。“exhaust”意為“耗盡，使筋疲力盡”，“exhaustone'spatience”表示“耗盡某人的耐心”。“torn”是“tear”的過去分詞，意為“撕裂”；“waste”意為“浪費(fèi)”；“consume”意為“消耗，消費(fèi)”，但更側(cè)重于消耗物品等。8.B?！癳valuate”意為“評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià)”，符合老師評(píng)估學(xué)生綜合能力的語境?！癹ustify”意為“證明……合理”；“indicate”意為“表明，指示”；“reckon”意為“認(rèn)為，估計(jì)”。9.A?！皊lender”意為“苗條的，纖細(xì)的”，與“pretty”并列，描述女孩的外貌?！發(fā)ight”意為“輕的，明亮的”；“faint”意為“微弱的，模糊的”；“minor”意為“較小的，次要的”。10.C?！癮ccompany”意為“陪伴，陪同”，市長(zhǎng)陪同加拿大商人游覽城市符合語境。“coordinate”意為“協(xié)調(diào)”；“cooperate”意為“合作”；“associate”意為“聯(lián)系，交往”。11.A?！皉ealistic”意為“現(xiàn)實(shí)的，務(wù)實(shí)的”，這里指有現(xiàn)實(shí)的認(rèn)知，知道和三支強(qiáng)隊(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)情況艱難?！癱onscious”和“aware”都有“意識(shí)到的”意思，但“realistic”更強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)實(shí)際情況的客觀認(rèn)識(shí)；“radical”意為“激進(jìn)的”。12.B?！皌heslightest”意為“最輕微的，最微小的”，“theslightestclue”表示“最微小的線索”?！皊implest”意為“最簡(jiǎn)單的”；“l(fā)east”意為“最少的”；“utmost”意為“極度的，最大的”。13.D?！癮ffection”意為“喜愛，深情”，人們帶著喜愛記住NormanDavis，符合語境?！発indness”意為“善良，仁慈”；“friendliness”意為“友好”；“warmth”意為“溫暖”。14.D。“temporary”意為“臨時(shí)的”，與“permanent”（永久的）相對(duì)，臨時(shí)職位的工資似乎更高?！發(fā)egal”意為“合法的”；“optional”意為“可選的”；“voluntary”意為“自愿的”。15.A?！癆boveall”意為“首先，尤其是”，強(qiáng)調(diào)女性角色的影響對(duì)男性傳統(tǒng)角色的影響更為重要?！癐nall”意為“總共”；“Atmost”意為“至多”；“Atlast”意為“最后”。16.B?！癰eabsorbedin”是固定短語，意為“全神貫注于，沉浸于”，科學(xué)家專注于工作沒聽到敲門聲?！癮ttract”意為“吸引”；“draw”意為“吸引，畫”；“concentrate”常與“on”搭配，即“concentrateon”。17.A?！皐ithoutexception”是固定短語，意為“毫無例外”，新規(guī)則適用于每個(gè)人，沒有例外。“exclusion”意為“排除”；“modification”意為“修改”；“substitution”意為“替代”。18.B?！皉ank”意為“等級(jí)，軍銜”，“thetoprank”表示“最高等級(jí)”，這里指成為頂級(jí)士兵?！癱ircle”意為“圈子，循環(huán)”；“category”意為“類別”；“grade”意為“年級(jí)，等級(jí)”，但不如“rank”用于描述士兵等級(jí)合適。19.A?！癷llustrate”意為“舉例說明，闡明”，演講者通過講述自己的經(jīng)歷來闡明觀點(diǎn)?！癶int”意為“暗示”；“cite”意為“引用，舉例”，更側(cè)重于引用他人的話或例子；“display”意為“展示”。20.D。“affordtodosth.”意為“有能力做某事，負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事”，這里指有能力承受損失的人才能進(jìn)行高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資。“maintain”意為“維持，保持”；“sustain”意為“支撐，維持”；“endure”意為“忍受，忍耐”。21.B?！癵oinfor”意為“愛好，從事”，這里指他愛好收集瓶蓋和發(fā)明密碼等奇怪的愛好?！癵oon”意為“繼續(xù)”；“gowith”意為“與……相配，伴隨”；“gothrough”意為“經(jīng)歷，通過”。22.D?！癷dentity”意為“身份”，警方試圖查明交通事故中遇難女性的身份?！癳vidence”意為“證據(jù)”；“recognition”意為“認(rèn)出，認(rèn)可”；“status”意為“地位，狀態(tài)”。23.D?！癴ocuson”是固定短語，意為“集中于”，這里指她所有的精力都集中在孩子身上?！癵uide”意為“引導(dǎo)”；“aim”常與“at”搭配，“aimat”意為“瞄準(zhǔn)，旨在”；“direct”意為“指導(dǎo)，指向”。24.A?！發(fā)est”引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句中要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語氣，這里表示以防被野生動(dòng)物攻擊。25.B?！癰eentitledto”是固定短語，意為“有權(quán)享有，有資格獲得”，每個(gè)人都有權(quán)享有體面的生活和受教育的機(jī)會(huì)?！癮ttribute”意為“歸因于”；“identify”意為“識(shí)別，鑒定”；“justify”意為“證明……合理”。26.C。“findfaultwith”是固定短語，意為“挑剔，找茬”，符合語境，他妻子總是挑他的毛病?！癳rror”意為“錯(cuò)誤”；“shortcoming”意為“缺點(diǎn)”；“flaw”意為“瑕疵，缺陷”。27.D?！皊ubstance”意為“物質(zhì)”，維生素是身體需要的復(fù)雜物質(zhì)?！癿atter”意為“物質(zhì)，事情”，更強(qiáng)調(diào)泛指的物質(zhì)；“material”意為“材料，物質(zhì)”，通常指制作東西的材料；“particle”意為“顆粒，微粒”。28.A。“timeconsuming”意為“耗時(shí)的”，挑水和砍柴等家務(wù)是耗時(shí)的?！皌imely”意為“及時(shí)的”；“timesaving”意為“省時(shí)的”；“timesensitive”意為“對(duì)時(shí)間敏感的”。29.D。“belostto”意為“對(duì)……無動(dòng)于衷，沉浸于”，這里“l(fā)osttotheoutsideworld”作狀語，描述Anna沉浸在科幻小說中，對(duì)外界無動(dòng)于衷。30.C?！皊etatrap”是固定短語，意為“設(shè)陷阱”，警方設(shè)陷阱抓小偷?！皃lan”意為“計(jì)劃”；“device”意為“裝置，設(shè)備”；“trick”意為“詭計(jì)，把戲”。二、閱讀理解（共20題，每題2分，共40分）Passage1Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealthrelatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealthrelatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoice.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.1.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause______.A.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnessesB.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledgeC.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansocietyD.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth2.To“l(fā)iveacompletelysedentarylifestyle”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans______.A.to“l(fā)iveaninactivelife”B.to“l(fā)iveadecentlife”C.to“l(fā)ivealifewithcompletefreedom”D.to“l(fā)ivealifeofvice”3.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause______.A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficientB.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisionsC.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflifeD.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriends4.AccordingtoFriesandCrapo,topursueunhealthyhabitsis______.A.a“statisticalprobability”B.a“fatalweakness”C.a“suicidalact”D.a“socialredherring”5.Theauthorimpliesinthepassagethat______.A.soundpersonalhealthchoiceisvitaltoone'swellbeingB.onlyfreedomofpersonalchoicesisessentialtoone'swellbeingC.personalhealthchoicesoftenleadtoadifficultyD.itiswisetoadopthealthybehaviorsatayoungagePassage2Theriseofmultinationalcorporations(跨國(guó)公司),globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.Surprisingly,sincemodernPRwaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,theworld'stopfivepublicrelationsagencieswereAmericanowned.In1991,onlyonewas.TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporate(公司的)planningactivities,comparedtoaboutonethirdofU.S.companies.ItmaynotbelongbeforeLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.WhyisAmericalaggingbehindintheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,AmericanslagbehindtheirEuropeanandAsiancounterparts(相對(duì)應(yīng)的人)inknowingasecondlanguage.Lessthan5percentofBursonMarshall'sU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.OgilvyandMatherhasaboutthesamepercentage.Conversely,someEuropeanfirmshavehalformoreoftheiremployeesfluentinasecondlanguage.Finally,peopleinvolvedinPRabroadtendtokeepaclosereyeoninternationalaffairs.InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,mostAmericansreadtheWallStreetJournal.Overseas,theircounterpartsreadtheJournalaswellastheFinancialTimesofLondonandTheEconomist,publicationsnotoftenreadintheUnitedStates.America'slossisunlikelytobecomplete.AlthoughAmericansdonotcurrentlyrankfirstinglobalPRrankings,theyarestillfaraheadoftheirEuropeanandAsiancounterpartsintermsofthenumberofpeopleemployedinPR,theamountofPRbusiness,andthesizeofagencies.ItturnsoutthatthePRindustryintheUnitedStatesislargerthanthatofallothercountriescombined.However,PRislikelytobecomemoreglobalinthefuture,withallcountriessharinginthegrowth.6.Accordingtothepassage,U.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbecauseof______.A.anunparalleledincreaseinthenumberofpublicrelationscompaniesB.shrinkingculturaldifferencesandnewcommunicationstechnologiesC.thedecreasingnumberofmultinationalcorporationsintheU.S.D.increasedeffortsofothercountriesinpublicrelations7.LondoncouldsoonreplaceNewYorkasthecenterofPRbecause______.A.BritishcompaniesaremoreambitiousthanU.S.companiesB.BritishcompaniesplacemoreimportanceonPRthanU.S.companiesC.BritishcompaniesareheavilyinvolvedinplanningactivitiesD.fouroftheworld'stopfivepublicrelationsagenciesareBritishowned8.Theword“provincial”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans“______”.A.limitedinoutlookB.likepeoplefromtheprovincesC.rigidinthinkingD.interestedinworldfinancialaffairs9.WelearnfromthethirdparagraphthatemployeesintheAmericanPRindustry______.A.speakatleastoneforeignlanguagefluentlyB.areignorantaboutworldgeographyC.arenotassophisticatedastheirEuropeancounterpartsD.enjoyreadingagreatvarietyofEnglishbusinesspublications10.Whatistheauthor'sviewonthefutureofPR?A.TherewillinevitablybeanoverallincreaseinthenumberofPRcompanies.B.ThefutureglobalPRwillbedominatedbytheU.S.company.C.PRwillbecomemoreinternationallyoriented.D.AmericanPRcompanieswillhavetochangetheirwayofdoingbusiness.Passage3Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslike“seriousillnessofafamilymember”werehighonthelist,butsoweresomepositivelifechangingevents,likemarriage.WhenyoutaketheHolmesRahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehow,theresearchgotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women'smagazinesranheadlineslike“Stresscausesillness!”Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlessaid,avoidstressfulevents.Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous,many—likethedeathofalovedone—areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription(處方)forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe'reallvulnerable(脆弱的)andpassiveinthefaceofadversity(逆境).Butwhatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity?Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmentalstrain.11.TheresultofHolmesRahe'smedicalresearchtellsus______.A.thewayyouhandlemajoreventsmaycausestressB.whatshouldbedonetoavoidstressC.whatkindofeventwouldcausestressD.howtocopewithsuddenchangesinlife12.Thestudiesonstressintheearly1970sledto______.A.widespreadconcernoveritsharmfuleffectsB.greatpanicoverthementaldisorderitcouldcauseC.anintensiveresearchintostressrelatedillnessesD.popularavoidanceofstressfulevents13.ThescoreoftheHolmesRahetestshows______.A.howmuchpressureyouareunderB.howpositiveeventscanchangeyourlifeC.howstressfulamajoreventcanbeD.howyoucandealwithlifechangingevents14.Whyis“suchsimplisticadvice”(Para.3)impossibletofollow?A.Noonecanstayonthesamejobforlong.B.Noprescriptioniseffectiveinrelievingstress.C.Peoplehavetogetmarriedsomeday.D.Youcouldbemissingopportunitiesaswell.15.Accordingtothepassagepeoplewhohaveexperiencedupsanddownsmaybecome______.A.nervouswhenfacedwithdifficultiesB.physicallyandmentallystrainedC.morecapableofcopingwithadversityD.indifferenttowardwhathappenstothemPassage4Thespeaker,ateacherfromacommunitycollege,addressedasympatheticaudience.Headsnoddedinagreementwhenhesaid,“HighschoolEnglishteachersarenotdoingtheirjobs.”Hedescribedtheinadequaciesofhisstudents,allhighschoolgraduateswhocanuselanguageonlyatagrade9level.Iwasunabletodeterminefromhisanswerstomyquestionshowthisgrade9levelhadbeenestablished.Mytopicisnotstandardsnoritsdecline(降低).Whatthespeakerwasreallysayingisthatheisnolongeryoung;hehasbeenteachingforsixteenyears,andisabletothinkandspeaklikeamatureadult.Mypointisthatthefrequentcomplaintofonegenerationabouttheoneimmediatelyfollowingitisinevitable.Itisalsohumannaturetolookforthereasonsforourdissatisfaction.BeforeEnglishbecameaschoolsubjectinthelatenineteenthcentury,itwasdifficulttofindthetargetoftheblameforlanguagedeficiencies(缺陷).Butsincethen,Englishteachershavebeenunderconstantattack.Thecomplainersthinktheyhavehituponanoriginalidea.Astheirowncommandofthelanguageimproves,theynoticethatyoungpeopledonothavethissameability.Unawarethattheirownabilityhasdevelopedthroughtheyears,theyassumethenewgenerationofyoungpeoplemustbehopelessinthisrespect.Totheeyesandearsofsensitiveadults,thelanguageoftheyoungalwaysseemsinadequate.SincethisconcernaboutthedeclineandfalloftheEnglishlanguageisnotperceivedasagenerationalphenomenonbutratherassomethingnewandpeculiartotoday'syoungpeople,itnaturallyfollowsthattoday'sEnglishteacherscannotbedoingtheirjobs.Otherwise,youngpeoplewouldnotcommitoffensesagainstthelanguage.16.Thespeakertheauthormentionedinthepassagebelievedthat______.A.thelanguageoftheyoungergenerationisusuallyinferiortothatoftheoldergenerationB.thestudentshadapoorcommandofEnglishbecausetheydidn'tworkhardenoughC.hewasanexcellentlanguageteacherbecausehehadbeenteachingEnglishforsixteenyearsD.Englishteachersshouldbeheldresponsibleforthestudents'poorcommandofEnglish17.Intheauthor'sopinion,thespeaker______.A.gaveacorrectjudgmentoftheEnglishlevelofthestudentsB.hadexaggeratedthelanguageproblemsofthestudentsC.wasrightinsayingthatEnglishteacherswerenotdoingtheirjobsD.couldthinkandspeaklikeamatureadult18.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthespeaker'sremarksis______.A.neutralB.positiveC.criticalD.compromising19.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.A.itisjustifiabletoincludeEnglishasaschoolsubjectB.theauthordisagreeswiththespeakeroverthestandardofEnglishatGrade9C.EnglishlanguageteachingisbynomeansaneasyjobD.languageimprovementneedstimeandeffort20.Inthepassagetheauthorarguesthat______.A.itisunfairtoblametheEnglishteachersforthelanguagedeficienciesofthestudentsB.youngpeoplewouldnotcommitoffencesagainstthelanguageiftheteachersdidtheirjobsproperlyC.toeliminatelanguagedeficienciesonemusthavesensitiveeyesandearsD.toimprovethestandardofEnglishrequirestheeffortofseveralgenerations答案1.D。文章第一段提到“Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge”，說明個(gè)人關(guān)于健康的選擇很重要，因?yàn)殄e(cuò)誤的決定可能導(dǎo)致健康問題。A選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人健康選擇有助于治愈大多數(shù)疾病”不準(zhǔn)確，原文說的是預(yù)防；B選項(xiàng)“它有助于提高我們的醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)水平”文章未提及；C選項(xiàng)“它對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)的個(gè)人自由至關(guān)重要”不是主要原因。2.A。“sedentary”意為“久坐的，不活動(dòng)的”，“l(fā)iveacompletelysedentarylifestyle”就是“過一種不活動(dòng)的生活”。B選項(xiàng)“過一種體面的生活”；C選項(xiàng)“過一種完全自由的生活”；D選項(xiàng)“過一種罪惡的生活”均不符合該短語的意思。3.B。文章第二段提到“Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealthrelatedbehaviors”，說明有很多因素影響我們的決定，所以做出合理的個(gè)人健康選擇往往很困難。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)前的醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)仍然不足”文章未提及；C選項(xiàng)“很少有人愿意用生活質(zhì)量換取壽命”與題干無關(guān)；D選項(xiàng)“人們通常會(huì)受到朋友行為的影響”只是其中一個(gè)因素，不全面。4.C。文章第二段提到“Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide”，說明追求不健康的習(xí)慣類似于自殺行為。A選項(xiàng)“一種統(tǒng)計(jì)概率”；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)致命的弱點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)無關(guān)緊要的事物”均不符合原文意思。5.A。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了個(gè)人健康選擇的重要性，合理的個(gè)人健康選擇對(duì)一個(gè)人的幸福至關(guān)重要。B選項(xiàng)“只有個(gè)人選擇的自由對(duì)一個(gè)人的幸福至關(guān)重要”過于絕對(duì)；C選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人健康選擇經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致困難”不是文章的重點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)“年輕時(shí)養(yǎng)成健康的行為習(xí)慣是明智的”文章未提及。6.D。文章第二段提到“Surprisingly,sincemodernPRwaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries”，說明美國(guó)在公共關(guān)系領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)先地位受到威脅是因?yàn)槠渌麌?guó)家在公共關(guān)系方面加大了努力。A選項(xiàng)“公共關(guān)系公司數(shù)量的空前增加”不是主要原因；B選項(xiàng)“文化差異的縮小和新的通信技術(shù)”是導(dǎo)致全球公共關(guān)系增加的原因，不是美國(guó)領(lǐng)先地位受威脅的原因；C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)跨國(guó)公司數(shù)量的減少”文章未提及。7.B。文章第二段提到“ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporate(公司的)planningactivities,comparedtoaboutonethirdofU.S.companies”，說明英國(guó)公司比美國(guó)公司更重視公共關(guān)系，所以倫敦可能很快取代紐約成為公共關(guān)系的中心。A選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)公司比美國(guó)公司更有野心”文章未提及；C選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)公司大量參與規(guī)劃活動(dòng)”不準(zhǔn)確，重點(diǎn)是對(duì)公共關(guān)系的重視；D選項(xiàng)“世界前五名公共關(guān)系機(jī)構(gòu)中有四家是英國(guó)的”不是倫敦取代紐約的主要原因。8.A?！皃rovincial”所在句子“First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs”，結(jié)合后面提到美國(guó)人對(duì)世界地理知識(shí)了解不足，可推斷“provincial”意為“眼界狹窄的，局限的”。B選項(xiàng)“像來自省份的人”；C選項(xiàng)“思維僵化的”；D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)世界金融事務(wù)感興趣”均不符合語境。9.C。文章第三段通過對(duì)比美國(guó)和歐洲公關(guān)行業(yè)的員工，指出美國(guó)員工在語言能力和對(duì)國(guó)際事務(wù)的了解方面不如歐洲同行，說明他們不如歐洲同行老練。A選項(xiàng)“至少能流利說一門外語”與原文“Lessthan5percentofBursonMarshall'sU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages”不符；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)世界地理一無所知”過于絕對(duì)；D選項(xiàng)“喜歡閱讀各種各樣的英語商業(yè)出版物”與原文“InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,mostAmericansreadtheWallStreetJournal”不符。10.C。文章最后一段提到“PRislikelytobecomemoreglobalinthefuture,withallcountriessharinginthegrowth”，說明公共關(guān)系未來將更具國(guó)際化導(dǎo)向。A選項(xiàng)“公關(guān)公司的數(shù)量必然會(huì)全面增加”文章未提及；B選項(xiàng)“未來全球公關(guān)將由美國(guó)公司主導(dǎo)”與原文不符；D選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)公關(guān)公司必須改變他們的經(jīng)營(yíng)方式”文章未提及。11.C。文章第一段提到“Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful”，說明HolmesRahe的醫(yī)學(xué)研究結(jié)果告訴我們什么樣的事件會(huì)導(dǎo)致壓力。A選項(xiàng)“你處理重大事件的方式可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致壓力”文章未提及；B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該做什么來避免壓力”不是研究結(jié)果的重點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)“如何應(yīng)對(duì)生活中的突然變化”文章未提及。12.A。文章第二段提到“AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports”，說明20世紀(jì)70年代初關(guān)于壓力的研究導(dǎo)致了人們對(duì)壓力有害影響的廣泛關(guān)注。B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)它可能導(dǎo)致的精神障礙的極大恐慌”文章未提及；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)與壓力相關(guān)疾病的深入研究”不是研究導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果；D選項(xiàng)“普遍避免壓力事件”與原文“suchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow”不符。13.A。文章第一段提到“WhenyoutaketheHolmesRahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith”，說明HolmesRahe測(cè)試的分?jǐn)?shù)顯示你承受了多大的壓力。B選項(xiàng)“積極事件如何改變你的生活”文章未提及；C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)重大事件有多有壓力”不準(zhǔn)確，分?jǐn)?shù)反映的是整體壓力；D選項(xiàng)“你如何處理生活中的變化事件”文章明確說分?jǐn)?shù)不反映這一點(diǎn)。14.D。文章第三段提到“Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription(處方)forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble”，說明避免所有壓力事件的建議不可能遵循，因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)錯(cuò)過機(jī)會(huì)。A選項(xiàng)“沒有人能長(zhǎng)期從事同一份工作”與題干無關(guān)；B選項(xiàng)“沒有處方能有效緩解壓力”文章未提及；C選項(xiàng)“人們總有一天要結(jié)婚”只是一個(gè)例子，不是主要原因。15.C。文章第四段提到“Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore”，說明經(jīng)歷過起起落落的人可能更有能力應(yīng)對(duì)逆境。A選項(xiàng)“面對(duì)困難時(shí)會(huì)緊張”與原文不符；B選項(xiàng)“身心疲憊”與原文“morephysicalandmentalvigor”不符；D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)發(fā)生在他們身上的事情漠不關(guān)心”文章未提及。16.D。文章第一段提到“HighschoolEnglishteachersarenotdoingtheirjobs”以及后面描述學(xué)生英語水平差，說明演講者認(rèn)為英語老師應(yīng)該為學(xué)生英語水平差負(fù)責(zé)。A選項(xiàng)“年輕一代的語言通常不如老一代”不是演講者的主要觀點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生英語掌握不好是因?yàn)樗麄儾粔蚺Α蔽恼挛刺峒埃籆選項(xiàng)“他是一位優(yōu)秀的語言老師，因?yàn)樗塘?6年英語”文章未提及。17.B。文章中作者認(rèn)為一代人對(duì)下一代人的抱怨是不可避免的，演講者夸大了學(xué)生的語言問題。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)學(xué)生的英語水平做出了正確的判斷”與作者觀點(diǎn)不符；C選項(xiàng)“說英語老師沒有做好工作是正確的”與作者觀點(diǎn)不符；D選項(xiàng)“能像成熟的成年人一樣思考和說話”不是作者對(duì)演講者的主要評(píng)價(jià)。18.C。從文章內(nèi)容可以看出作者對(duì)演講者的言論持批判態(tài)度，認(rèn)為演講者的抱怨是不合理的，夸大了問題。A選項(xiàng)“中立的”；B選項(xiàng)“積極的”；D選項(xiàng)“妥協(xié)的”均不符合作者的態(tài)度。19.D。文章第四段提到“Unawarethattheirownabilityhasdevelopedthroughtheyears,theyassumethenewgenerationofyoungpeoplemustbehopelessinthisrespect”，說明語言能力的提高需要時(shí)間和努力。A選項(xiàng)“將英語作為學(xué)?？颇渴呛侠淼摹蔽恼挛刺峒?；B選項(xiàng)“作者不同意演講者關(guān)于9年級(jí)英語水平的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”文章未提及；C選項(xiàng)“英語教學(xué)絕不是一件容易的工作”不是文章的重點(diǎn)。20.A。文章最后一段提到“SincethisconcernaboutthedeclineandfalloftheEnglishlanguageisnotperceivedasagenerationalphenomenonbutratherassomethingnewandpeculiartotoday'syoungpeople,itnaturallyfollowsthattoday'sEnglishteacherscannotbedoingtheirjobs”，說明作者認(rèn)為指責(zé)英語老師對(duì)學(xué)生語言缺陷負(fù)責(zé)是不公平的。B選項(xiàng)“如果老師工作做得好，年輕人就不會(huì)違反語言規(guī)范”與作者觀點(diǎn)不符；C選項(xiàng)“要消除語言缺陷，一個(gè)人必須有敏銳的眼睛和耳朵”文章未提及；D選項(xiàng)“提高英語水平需要幾代人的努力”文章未提及。三、完型填空（共20題，每題0.5分，共10分）題目Inrecentyears,moreandmoreforeignersareinvolvedintheteachingprogramsoftheUnitedStates.Boththeadvantagesandthedisadvantages1usingforeignfaculty(教師[總稱])2teachingpositionshavetobe3,ofcourse.Itcanbesaidthattheforeign4thatmakesthefacultymemberfromabroadanasset(財(cái)富)also5problemsofadjustment,bothfortheuniversityandfortheindividual.Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolates6inthelaboratoryasameansofprotection;7,whatheneedsistobefitted8ahighlyorganizeduniversitysystemquitedifferentfrom9athome.Heisfacedinhisdailywork10differencesinphilosophy,arrangementsofcoursesandmethodsofteaching.Boththevisitingprofessorandhisstudents11backgroundineachother'scultures.Some12ofwhatisalreadyinthemindsofAmericanstudentsis13fortheforeignprofessor.Whilehelpinghimto14himselftohisnewenvironment,theuniversitymustalso15certainadjustmentsinorderto16fulladvantageofwhatthenewcomercan17.Itisn'talwaysknownhowtomake18useofforeignfaculty,especiallyatsmallercolleges.Thisisthoughttobea19wherefurtherstudyiscalled20.Thefindings