閱讀理解長難句簡析 [2021全國甲卷]BPortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe’reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She’shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,①Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,but②itistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.①Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandabout(exploringandplayingeveryday).分析：非謂語(exploringandplayingeveryday)作伴隨狀語；注意短語：outandabout：外出走動(dòng)。簡譯：我相信這個(gè)小家伙就能外出走動(dòng)，每天探索和玩耍。②itistooearlytotell(ifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidates)(tobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild).分析：(if…)引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作tell的賓語；非謂語(tobereturned…)作定語，修飾candidates；注意make：“成為”。簡譯：現(xiàn)在還不能判斷這些幼崽是否適合被放歸野生保護(hù)區(qū)。閱讀理解長難句簡析 [2021全國乙卷]BWhenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline(座機(jī))?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey(調(diào)查).OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.①Ageisnaturallyafactor(因素)—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonest②theonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?③Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?①Ageisnaturallyafactor(因素)—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,(comparedto84percentofBabyBoomers)(who’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years).分析：非謂語(comparedto…)作狀語；(who’veperhaps…)引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾BabyBoomers。簡譯：年齡自然是個(gè)影響因素——Y一代人中，只有58%仍然偶爾使用座機(jī)。與之相比，嬰兒潮一代中84%的人可能一個(gè)座機(jī)號(hào)用了50年了。②theonlypeople(whoeverringourhomephone)areourBabyBoomersparents,tothepoint{whereweplayagameandguess(whoiscalling)(beforewepickupthephone)(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit)}.分析：(whoever…)引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾people；(wherewe…)引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾point；(whoiscalling)引導(dǎo)賓語從句；(before…)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。注意結(jié)構(gòu)：tothepointwhere…：到……程度。簡化：theonlypeopleareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepoint.簡譯：唯一會(huì)打電話到家就是我們嬰兒潮時(shí)期出生的父母，以致于我們會(huì)在接電話之前玩?zhèn)€游戲，去猜是誰打來的（如果用來電顯示的話就沒意思了）。③Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?分析：此句省略主謂成分，還原應(yīng)為：Howlongwillittakeuntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?簡譯：他們走上煤油燈和早餐奶配送服務(wù)的老路還需要多久？（他們還有多久就會(huì)消失了？）CYou’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.they’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.分析：注意短語，underfire：受到嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)。簡譯：塑料吸管最近受到了嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人喝水時(shí)沒必要使用它們。而且，其體積小、重量輕，也不能夠被回收。DDuringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干擾）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”.Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分貝）,70decibels,and85decibels.①Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.②Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingability.③Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distractedfocus”appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyet④acoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.①Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—those(exposedtoalevelofnoise)(similartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop)—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.分析：非謂語(exposedtoalevelofnoise)作定語，修飾those；形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)(similarto…)作定語，修飾noise。簡化：Thedifferen