閱讀理解長難句簡析 [2020全國IAB卷]BReturningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.①There’sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.②Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.③It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的),anagingwriterlookingb。ackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(隨筆)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.④WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.①There’sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicion(thattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship).分析：(that…)引導(dǎo)suspicion的同位語從句。簡化：There’sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicion.簡譯：兩者之間有令人愉悅的相似性——但是有時候也會一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)懷疑：時間改變了你們兩個人，因此友誼也改變了。②Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheidea(thatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister).分析：(that…)引導(dǎo)idea的同位語從句。簡化：Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheidea.簡譯：重讀的美妙之處在于，我們與作品之間的連接是基于我們現(xiàn)在的心理狀態(tài)。③It’saboutthenowand(whatonecontributestothenow),becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.分析：(what…)引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作about的賓語。簡譯：我們閱讀的是現(xiàn)在，閱讀的是一個人對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。因?yàn)殚喿x是作者與讀者之間給予與索取。雙方各司其職。④(WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks),thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,{whichmightaddtothemeaning(Iattachtothem)}.分析：(while…)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；(which…)引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾gifts；(that)Iattachtothem引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾meaning。簡化：WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs.Thegiftsmightaddtothemeaning.Iattachthemeaningtothem.簡譯：雖然我常常會買很多書，但是這三本是上天的饋贈。這些饋贈增加了我賦予這些書的意義。C①Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.②Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接觸)withthegroundatalltimes.③It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,④Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.①Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,(whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries).分析：(while…)引導(dǎo)類時間狀語從句。簡化：Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whileit’smostlikelytocontributetofewerinjuries.簡譯：研究表明，競走和跑步一樣，對健康有很多益處，而且大多數(shù)情況下還比跑步引起受傷的概率低。②Butthesport’srulesrequire(thataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswing)and(onefootremainincontact(接觸)withthegroundatalltimes).分析：兩個（）并列，為require的賓語。簡化：Butthesport’srulesrequireAandB.簡譯：但是這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動的規(guī)則要求，在大部分的擺腿過程中，競走選手的膝蓋需要保持筆直。同時，有一只腳需要始終保持與地面的接觸。③It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity分析：此句用了“強(qiáng)調(diào)句”這個語法結(jié)構(gòu)：Itbe+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+剩余部分。簡譯：就是這種奇怪的形式讓競走成為了一項(xiàng)有魅力的項(xiàng)目。④Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkers(movingatapaceofsixmilesperhour)wouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,(whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking),(althoughfewerthanrunning),(whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour).分析：非謂語(moving…)作定語，修飾racewalkers。(whichis…)引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾800calories；although引導(dǎo)類讓步狀語從句，作前面句子的狀語；(whichwould…)引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾running。簡化：Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour.Itisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughitisfewerthanrunning.Runningwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour).簡譯：大多數(shù)的計(jì)算結(jié)果表明，一個每小時走6英里的競走選走每小時會消耗約800卡路里。雖然沒有跑步消耗的多（跑步每小時大概消耗1000或者更多卡路里），但是這個量大概是走路所能消耗的2倍。DTheconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.①TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.②Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,”explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(發(fā)光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.③Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.④Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(電源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(傳輸).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.①TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther(changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions).分析：非謂語(changing…)作方式狀語。簡化：TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther.Theyhavechangedtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.簡譯：MIT的工程師更進(jìn)一步，將植物的實(shí)際成分改變以便讓其具有多樣的，甚至不一般的功能。②Theseincludeplants{thathavesensors(printedontotheirleaves)toshow(whenthey’reshortofwater)}andaplant{thatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater}.分析：{thathave…}引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾plants，其中非謂語(printed…)作定語，修飾sensors，(when…)引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作show的賓語；{thatcan…}引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾aplant。簡化：Theseincludeplantsandaplant.簡譯：這其中，有的植物的葉子上被壓印上了各種傳感器，在植物缺水的時候會感知到。還有一種植物，能檢測到地下水中的有害化學(xué)成分。③Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamount(neededtoreadby),isjustastart.分析：非謂語(neededtoreadby)作定語，修飾amount。簡化：Thelightisjustastart.簡譯：這種只有閱讀所需光亮千分之一的光僅僅是個開始。④Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnology(thatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatment)(thatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime).分析：(thatcan…)引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾aversion；(thatwould…)作定語從句，修飾treatment。簡化：Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnology.Itcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentandthetreatmentwouldlasttheplant’slifetime簡譯：在未來，該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望開發(fā)出這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的一個變體。它能噴灑在植物葉面上，一次性且終生有效。閱讀理解長難句簡析 [2020全國II卷]BSomeparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentScience.①Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.簡譯：Levine說，在考慮了父母收入、教育和交流量的差異之后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)拼圖游戲是認(rèn)知的一個重要預(yù)測物。②children(whoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofage)havebetterspatialskills(whenassessedat54monthsofage).分析：(who…)引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾children；(when…)引導(dǎo)類時間狀語從句，完整結(jié)構(gòu)是whentheywereassessedat54monthsofage.簡化：childrenhavebetterspatialskills.簡譯：那些在26到46個月大的時候玩過拼圖游戲的孩子，在54個月大時接受評估時有著更好的空間（認(rèn)知）技巧。CWhenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時裝)enthusiastaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur—unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus,”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.①Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatpeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”②DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.①Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.分析：核心短語：keep…incheck：控制……。簡譯：毛皮貿(mào)易讓海貍鼠的數(shù)量幾十年來都在可控，但是當(dāng)它在20世紀(jì)80年代衰敗之后，這種貓一樣大小的動物開始瘋狂繁殖（數(shù)量激增）。②DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinion(thatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable).分析：核心短語：comearoundtosth.轉(zhuǎn)而接受……；(that…)引導(dǎo)同位從句。簡化：DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinion:usingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.簡譯：設(shè)計(jì)師JenniferAnderson承認(rèn)，她也花了好長時間才轉(zhuǎn)而認(rèn)同用海貍鼠毛皮進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作在道德上是課接受的。DIhaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,①IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildren,andbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonfromgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避風(fēng)港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盜版行為)andIthinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.②Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.①Ilivedoutadventuresthroughthebooks(Icheckedoutfromthelibrary).分析：(thatIcheckedout…)引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾books。簡化：Ilivedoutadventuresthroughthebooks.Icheckedthemoutfromthelibrary.簡譯：我通過從圖書館借的書實(shí)現(xiàn)了各種冒險(xiǎn)。②Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.簡譯：經(jīng)?？磿?，有時間就多討論討論這些書。閱讀理解長難句簡析 [2020全國III卷]BWhen“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“