PAGEPAGE30PAGE金屬氧化物的制備方法與應(yīng)用研究文獻(xiàn)綜述金屬氧化物和金屬羥基氧化物納米顆粒由于在催化，吸附，傳感，儲(chǔ)能和鋰離子電池等領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用，所以在化學(xué)，物理，生物學(xué)和材料科學(xué)等許多領(lǐng)域中發(fā)揮著核心作用ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[\o"Meyer,2012#214"68-70]。然而，相同材料的金屬氧化物和金屬羥基氧化物納米顆粒與不同形貌或粒徑的金屬氧化物和金屬羥基氧化物納米顆?？赡鼙憩F(xiàn)出不同的光學(xué)、熱學(xué)、電學(xué)和化學(xué)性質(zhì)。因此，要特別注意合成方法的選擇，要考慮到所選方法與生成的氧化物和羥基氧化物納米結(jié)構(gòu)的尺寸，形狀和結(jié)晶度之間的緊密聯(lián)系A(chǔ)DDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lawrence</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>218</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[71]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>218</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">218</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lawrence,MatthewJ.</author><author>Kolodziej,Adam</author><author>Rodriguez,Paramaconi</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Controllablesynthesisofnanostructuredmetaloxideandoxyhydroxidematerialsviaelectrochemicalmethods</title><secondary-title>CurrentOpinioninElectrochemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CurrentOpinioninElectrochemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>7-15</pages><volume>10</volume><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>24519103</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.coelec.2018.03.014</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Lawrence,2018#218"71]。1.1金屬氧化物的制備方法金屬氧化物和金屬羥基氧化物納米材料的合成是一個(gè)非常熱門的研究領(lǐng)域，對(duì)新技術(shù)的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步有巨大影響。為了從納米材料中獲得所需的性能，控制合成納米材料的條件顯得尤為重要，特別是納米材料的尺寸和形貌對(duì)其性能有非常大的影響。對(duì)納米材料的尺寸、形貌和表面性能的調(diào)節(jié)起決定性作用的一些重要合成參數(shù)是前驅(qū)體、退火時(shí)間、加熱和冷卻速度、退火溫度、pH值、濃度等。下面總結(jié)了幾種常見的合成金屬氧化物的方法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Szopa</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>219</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[72]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>219</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">219</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Szopa,Jan</author><author>Wróbel-Kwiatkowska,Magdalena</author><author>Kulma,Anna</author><author>Zuk,Magdalena</author><author>Skórkowska-Telichowska,Katarzyna</author><author>Dymińska,Lucyna</author><author>M?czka,Miros?aw</author><author>Hanuza,Jerzy</author><author>Zebrowski,Jacek</author><author>Preisner,Marta</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Chemicalcompositionandmolecularstructureoffibersfromtransgenicflaxproducingpolyhydroxybutyrate,andmechanicalpropertiesandplateletaggregationofcompositematerialscontainingthesefibers</title><secondary-title>CompositesScienceandTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CompositesScienceandTechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>2438-2446</pages><volume>69</volume><number>14</number><dates><year>2009</year></dates><isbn>02663538</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/pscitech.2009.06.017</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Szopa,2009#219"72]。（1）溶劑-凝膠法納米材料的溶膠-凝膠合成技術(shù)是通過溶膠（固體顆粒的膠體懸浮液）和凝膠（3D連續(xù)固體多孔網(wǎng)絡(luò)）的協(xié)同作用形成無機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)而進(jìn)行的。納米領(lǐng)域中粒子的形成需要嚴(yán)格控制成核和生長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力學(xué)，但是這些步驟在溶膠-凝膠過程中很難獲得，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^水解和縮合形成溶膠和凝膠的過程很復(fù)雜。溶膠-凝膠工藝的復(fù)雜性主要是由于工藝參數(shù)眾多，需要在微觀水平上進(jìn)行控制，以提供良好的重現(xiàn)性。其中包括水解、縮合反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)、溶液pH值、反應(yīng)時(shí)間、反應(yīng)溫度、催化劑濃度等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gupta</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>221</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[73]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>221</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">221</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gupta,SantoshK.</author><author>Mao,Yuanbing</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Areviewonmoltensaltsynthesisofmetaloxidenanomaterials:Status,opportunity,andchallenge</title><secondary-title>ProgressinMaterialsScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ProgressinMaterialsScience</full-title></periodical><pages>100734</pages><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>00796425</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100734</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Gupta,2020#221"73]。（2）聚合物前驅(qū)體法聚合物前驅(qū)體合成納米材料的方法是基于Pechini型反應(yīng)路線，聚合凝膠是由檸檬酸（絡(luò)合劑）、乙二醇（穩(wěn)定劑）和金屬離子前驅(qū)體的化學(xué)反應(yīng)形成的。在這個(gè)反應(yīng)中，金屬離子在聚合物凝膠中被固定，最后在加熱時(shí)被點(diǎn)燃。該合成方法的一些最重要的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是合成溫度低、產(chǎn)物形成均勻、亞穩(wěn)相穩(wěn)定等；同時(shí)該方法也有一些缺點(diǎn)，如使用復(fù)雜的化學(xué)品，在少數(shù)情況下很難維持化學(xué)計(jì)量，有時(shí)很難找到合適的化學(xué)前驅(qū)體等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gupta</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>221</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[73]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>221</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">221</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gupta,SantoshK.</author><author>Mao,Yuanbing</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Areviewonmoltensaltsynthesisofmetaloxidenanomaterials:Status,opportunity,andchallenge</title><secondary-title>ProgressinMaterialsScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ProgressinMaterialsScience</full-title></periodical><pages>100734</pages><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>00796425</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100734</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Gupta,2020#221"73]。（3）煅燒法煅燒合成在納米材料的合成中也得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，它基本上包括兩個(gè)步驟:前驅(qū)體的形成和自燃過程。在煅燒合成中，產(chǎn)物的形成是通過金屬離子前驅(qū)體（大部分是水溶性的）和燃料（檸檬酸、甘氨酸、尿素等）之間的放熱反應(yīng)進(jìn)行的，放熱反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生足夠的熱量進(jìn)行燃燒反應(yīng)，燃燒熱推動(dòng)著反應(yīng)進(jìn)行。我們可以通過改變?nèi)剂吓c氧化劑的比例來調(diào)整所合成的材料的大小，因此燃料的選擇和組成是非常重要的。該方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是需要的熱能少，可以通過改變?nèi)剂吓c氧化劑的比例來控制材料顆粒的大??；該方法最大的缺點(diǎn)就是安全系數(shù)較低ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Aruna</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>223</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[74]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>223</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">223</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Aruna,SinganahallyT.</author><author>Mukasyan,AlexanderS.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Combustionsynthesisandnanomaterials</title><secondary-title>CurrentOpinioninSolidStateandMaterialsScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CurrentOpinioninSolidStateandMaterialsScience</full-title></periodical><pages>44-50</pages><volume>12</volume><number>3-4</number><dates><year>2008</year></dates><isbn>13590286</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.cossms.2008.12.002</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Aruna,2008#223"74]。（4）電化學(xué)法電化學(xué)方法合成納米金屬氧化物是一種簡(jiǎn)單，快速，成本低的方法，通常涉及兩電極或三電極體系的組裝。金屬氧化物納米材料可通過控制電化學(xué)的電勢(shì)或電流直接在電極表面上獲得，可以使用電化學(xué)技術(shù)合成金屬氧化物納米材料，包括循環(huán)伏安法（CV），計(jì)時(shí)電流法（CA），計(jì)時(shí)電位法（CP），計(jì)時(shí)電容法（CC）和固定電勢(shì)或變化電勢(shì)的脈沖電沉積法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Maduraiveeran</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>313</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[75]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>313</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">313</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Maduraiveeran,Govindhan</author><author>Sasidharan,Manickam</author><author>Jin,Wei</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Earth-abundanttransitionmetalandmetaloxidenanomaterials:Synthesisandelectrochemicalapplications</title><secondary-title>ProgressinMaterialsScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ProgressinMaterialsScience</full-title></periodical><pages>100574</pages><volume>106</volume><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>00796425</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.100574</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Maduraiveeran,2019#313"75]。（5）水熱合成/溶劑熱法水熱合成/溶劑熱法指的是在高溫高壓下直接從溶液中合成化合物，最終產(chǎn)物的大小和穩(wěn)定性在很大程度上取決于反應(yīng)時(shí)間，反應(yīng)溫度和溶劑的pH值。將水熱合成法與微波、超聲、電磁輻射等結(jié)合在一起，可顯著提高水熱過程的反應(yīng)速率。水熱合成法也有一些缺點(diǎn)，比如合成步驟多，有機(jī)溶劑用量大等這會(huì)增加合成的成本以及對(duì)環(huán)境造成一定的污染ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Srivastava</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>225</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[76]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>225</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">225</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Srivastava,Richa</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>SynthesisandCharacterizationTechniquesofNanomaterials</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofGreenNanotechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJournalofGreenNanotechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>17-27</pages><volume>4</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2012</year></dates><isbn>1943-0892 1943-0906</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1080/19430892.2012.654738</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Srivastava,2012#225"76]。1.2金屬氧化物的應(yīng)用金屬氧化物在傳感器，催化劑，吸附劑，能量存儲(chǔ)等中被廣泛應(yīng)用，研究者已經(jīng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Pinna</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>312</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[77]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>312</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">312</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pinna,Nicola</author><author>Niederberger,Markus</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Surfactant‐FreeNonaqueousSynthesisofMetalOxideNanostructures</title><secondary-title>AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition</full-title></periodical><pages>5292-5304</pages><volume>47</volume><number>29</number><dates><year>2008</year></dates><isbn>14337851 15213773</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/anie.200704541</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Pinna,2008#312"77]。（1）傳感器具有不同形貌和尺寸的金屬氧化物已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)并且用于傳感器中，如ZrO2納米片、SnO2納米八面體、TiO2納米管。金屬氧化物在電化學(xué)傳感器的構(gòu)建和電分析性能的提升中起了重要作用，它們的獨(dú)特性能為將環(huán)境元件與換能器接口以進(jìn)行信號(hào)放大提供了有趣的平臺(tái)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yu</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>314</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[78]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>314</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">314</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yu,Xin-Yao</author><author>Liu,Zhong-Gang</author><author>Huang,Xing-Jiu</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Nanostructuredmetaloxides/hydroxides-basedelectrochemicalsensorformonitoringenvironmentalmicropollutants</title><secondary-title>TrendsinEnvironmentalAnalyticalChemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>TrendsinEnvironmentalAnalyticalChemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>28-35</pages><volume>3-4</volume><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>22141588</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.teac.2014.07.001</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Yu,2014#314"78]。Huang等通過水熱合成法合成了SnO2納米八面體（如圖1-6所示），首次將它用于檢測(cè)典型環(huán)境有機(jī)物-萘酚，檢出限低至5nMADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Huang</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>315</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[79]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>315</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">315</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Huang,Xiaofeng</author><author>Zhao,Guohua</author><author>Liu,Meichuan</author><author>Li,Fengting</author><author>Qiao,Junlian</author><author>Zhao,Sichen</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Highlysensitiveelectrochemicaldeterminationof1-naphtholbasedonhigh-indexfacetSnO2modifiedelectrode</title><secondary-title>ElectrochimicaActa</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ElectrochimicaActa</full-title></periodical><pages>478-484</pages><volume>83</volume><dates><year>2012</year></dates><isbn>00134686</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.008</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Huang,2012#315"79]。圖1-6HIFSnO2納米八面體（A）和nHIFSnO2納米粒子（B）的SEM圖[79]Figure1-6.SEMimagesofHIFSnO2nanooctahedron(A)andnHIFSnO2nanoparticles(B);（2）催化劑基于金屬氧化物的催化劑進(jìn)行的非均相催化（如費(fèi)托過程）和化學(xué)工業(yè)中的烷基化和酯交換反應(yīng)以及環(huán)境應(yīng)用（如揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物的氧化和NOx的還原）是最重要的反應(yīng)過程。Zhou等在堿性水溶液中以不同的溫度合成了不同形貌的納米CeO2催化劑，研究了所制備的納米CeO2催化劑對(duì)乙醇在空氣中催化氧化的催化性能，研究結(jié)果表明不同形貌的CeO2對(duì)乙醇氧化轉(zhuǎn)化率不同ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zhou</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>316</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[80]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>316</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">316</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zhou,Guilin</author><author>Gui,Baoguo</author><author>Xie,Hongmei</author><author>Yang,Fang</author><author>Chen,Yong</author><author>Chen,Shengming</author><author>Zheng,Xuxu</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>InfluenceofCeO2morphologyonthecatalyticoxidationofethanolinair</title><secondary-title>JournalofIndustrialandEngineeringChemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofIndustrialandEngineeringChemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>160-165</pages><volume>20</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>1226086X</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.jiec.2013.04.012</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Zhou,2014#316"80]。（3）超級(jí)電容器與傳統(tǒng)的碳材料相比，金屬氧化物不僅能夠?yàn)槌?jí)電容器提供更高的能量密度，而且比聚合物材料具有更好的電化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Delbari</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>317</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[81]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>317</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">317</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Delbari,SeyedAli</author><author>Ghadimi,LalehSaleh</author><author>Hadi,Raha</author><author>Farhoudian,Sana</author><author>Nedaei,Maryam</author><author>Babapoor,Aziz</author><author>SabahiNamini,Abbas</author><author>Le,QuyetVan</author><author>Shokouhimehr,Mohammadreza</author><author>ShahediAsl,Mehdi</author><author>Mohammadi,Mohsen</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Transitionmetaloxide-basedelectrodematerialsforflexiblesupercapacitors:Areview</title><secondary-title>JournalofAlloysandCompounds</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofAlloysandCompounds</full-title></periodical><pages>158281</pages><volume>857</volume><dates><year>2021</year></dates><isbn>09258388</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158281</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Delbari,2021#317"81]。Ghorbani等采用簡(jiǎn)單、低成本的溶膠-凝膠法制備了一種用于柔性超級(jí)電容器的獨(dú)立夾層型ZnO/rGO/ZnO紙柔性電極（圖1-7是制備原理圖）。電化學(xué)阻抗譜，恒電流充放電和循環(huán)伏安法的結(jié)果證實(shí)，ZnO的加入提高了rGO電極的電容性能ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ghorbani</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>318</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[82]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>318</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">318</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ghorbani,Mina</author><author>Golobostanfard,MohammadReza</author><author>Abdizadeh,Hossein</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>FlexiblefreestandingsandwichtypeZnO/rGO/ZnOelectrodeforwearablesupercapacitor</title><secondary-title>AppliedSurfaceScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedSurfaceScience</full-title></periodical><pages>277-285</pages><volume>419</volume><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>01694332</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.060</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Ghorbani,2017#318"82]。圖1-7溶膠-凝膠浸漬法合成夾層ZnO/rGO/ZnO紙的原理圖[82]Figure1-7.SchematicillustrationofsynthesisofsandwichZnO/rGO/ZnOpaperbysol-geldip

coatingmethod.（4）鋰離子電池Rui等人通過簡(jiǎn)單的液體剝離技術(shù)，成功合成了厚度為2.1-3.8nm的V2O5納米片（圖1-8是合成示意圖），由于這種超薄厚度提供了非常短的擴(kuò)散路徑，獨(dú)特的納米結(jié)構(gòu)允許鋰離子和電子的高速率傳輸，從而使鋰離子陰極具有出色的能量和功率密度ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Rui</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>319</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[83]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>319</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="ax0xfvs58wftsoevfa55vx96praevp9vz2tw">319</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rui,Xianhong</author><author>Lu,Ziyang</author><author>Yu,Hong</author><author>Yang,Dan</author><author>Hng,HueyHoon</author><author>Lim,TutiMariana</author><author>Yan,Qingyu</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>UltrathinV2O5nanosheetcathodes:realizingultrafastreversiblelithiumstorage</title><secondary-title>Nanoscale</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Nanoscale</full-title><abbr-1>Nanoscale</abbr-1></periodical><pages>556-560</pages><volume>5</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>2040-3364 2040-3372</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/c2nr33422d</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Rui,2013#319"83]。圖1-8層狀體V2O5剝離成{001}取向的低層V2O5納米片[83]Figure1-8.ExfoliationoflayeredbulkV2O5into{001}-orientedfew-layerV2O5nanosheets.參考文獻(xiàn)[1] KasongaTK,CoetzeeMAA,KamikaI,etal.Endocrine-disruptivechemicalsascontaminantsofemergingconcerninwastewaterandsurfacewater:Areview[J].JournalofEnvironmentalManagement,2021,277,111485.[2] VieiraWT,deFariasMB,SpaolonziMP,etal.Endocrine-disruptingcompounds:Occurrence,detectionmethods,effectsandpromisingtreatmentpathways—Acriticalreview[J].JournalofEnvironmentalChemicalEngineering,2020,104558.[3] HerseyM,BergerSN,HolmesJ,etal.Recentdevelopmentsincarbonsensorsforat-sourceelectroanalysis[J].AnalyticalChemistry,2018,91(1):27-43.[4] RichardsonSD,KimuraSY.Wateranalysis:Emergingcontaminantsandcurrentissues[J].AnalyticalChemistry,2019,92(1):473-505.[5] WangQ,XueQ,ChenT,etal.Recentadvancesinelectrochemicalsensorsforantibioticsandtheirapplications[J].ChineseChemicalLetters,2020,143129.[6] VeiterL,RajamanickamV,HerwigC.Thefilamentousfungalpellet—relationshipbetweenmorphologyandproductivity[J].AppliedMicrobiologyandBiotechnology,2018,102(7):2997-3006.[7] LocatelliM,SciasciaF,CifelliR,etal.Analyticalmethodsfortheendocrinedisruptorcompoundsdeterminationinenvironmentalwatersamples[J].JournalofChromatographyA,2016,1434,1-18.[8] SalehiASM,YangSO,EarlCC,etal.Biosensingestrogenicendocrinedisruptorsinhumanbloodandurine:Arapidcell-freeproteinsynthesisapproach[J].ToxicologyandAppliedPharmacology,2018,345,19-25.[9] KabirE