1、專業(yè)英語(yǔ)環(huán)境：environment 環(huán)境工程： environmental engineering環(huán)境保護(hù)：environmental protection 環(huán)境意識(shí)：environmental consciousness/awareness環(huán)境問(wèn)題：environmental issue/problem 環(huán)境效應(yīng)：environmental effect環(huán)境污染：environmental pollution 環(huán)境要素：environmental elements環(huán)境因子：environmental factors 環(huán)境化學(xué)：environmental chemistry環(huán)境生態(tài)學(xué)：env

2、ironmental ecology 環(huán)境質(zhì)量：environmental quality環(huán)境自凈作用：environmental self-purification/self-cleansing生物圈：biosphere 生態(tài)學(xué)：ecology生態(tài)系統(tǒng)：ecosystem 生態(tài)平衡：ecological balance生態(tài)破壞：ecological damage 生物群落：biological community獵食者：predator 食物鏈：food chain被獵食者：prey 營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)：trophic level物質(zhì)循環(huán)：material cycle信息反饋：information f

3、eedback能量傳遞：energy transfer物質(zhì)不滅定律：the law of conservation of mass能量守恒定律：the law of conservation of energy物料平衡定律：Material balance principle水環(huán)境：watershed 水體：water body流域：watershed 水質(zhì)：water quality水資源：water resources 供水：water supply廢水：waste water 水處理：water treatment物理性水質(zhì)指標(biāo)：physical indicate of water qu

4、ality 水污染物：water pollutant生物性水質(zhì)指標(biāo)： biological water-quality index 水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：water quality standard化學(xué)性水質(zhì)指標(biāo)：chemical water-quality indexDS：dissolved solids BOD：biochemical oxygen demandTDS：total dissolved solids COD：chemical oxygen demandTSS：total suspended solids DO：dissolved oxygen TOC：total organic carb

5、on PH值： TN：總氮 total nitrogen TP：總磷 phosphorusZn：zinc Cu：CopperAs：arsenic Cd：CadmiumCr：chromium Ni：NickelHg：mercury Pb：plumbum物理處理：physical treatment 過(guò)濾：screening生物處理：biological treatment 沉淀：sedimentation化學(xué)處理：chemical treatment 氣浮：flotation物理化學(xué)處理：physical-chemical treatment 蒸發(fā)：evaporation 稀釋：dilution

6、擴(kuò)散：dispersion 吹脫：stripping好氧處理：aerobic treatment 生物膜法：biofilm process bio-membrane process厭氧處理：anaerobic treatment 生物濾池：trickling filters活性污泥法：activated sludge process 生物接觸氧化：biological contact SBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯 Styrene Butadiene RubberUASB（流式厭氧污泥床）：Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket活性污泥：activated sludge 改進(jìn)型

7、：modification一級(jí)處理：primary treatment 二級(jí)處理：secondary treatment三級(jí)處理：tertiary treatment高級(jí)氧化處理：advanced treatment生活污水：domestic wastewater生產(chǎn)廢水：industrial wastewater城市生活污水：municipal wastewater電鍍廢水：metalplating plants印染廢水：pulp and paper industries wastewater濁度：turbidity硬度：hardness水質(zhì)凈化：water quality purifies

8、混凝沉淀：coagulate flocculating agent活性炭吸附：activated carbon adsorption隔油池：oil separation tank 中和池：neutralization tank調(diào)節(jié)池：adjusting tank生物反應(yīng)池：biological reactor加藥設(shè)備：physical equipment沉淀池：sedimentation tank 初沉池：primary sedimentation tank二沉池：secondary sedimentation tank絮凝劑：flocculant混凝劑：coagulate flocculan

9、t生物降解：biodegradation生物累積：bioaccumulation大氣環(huán)境：airshed 氣體凈化：atmospheric cleanup對(duì)流層：troposphere 摩擦層：frictional layer？平流層：stratosphere 中間層：mesosphere熱層：thermosphere 臭氧層：ozonosphere粉塵：dust 氣溶膠：aerosol煙霧：smoke 降塵：dust fall飄塵：floating dust 可吸入顆粒物：inhalable particles能見(jiàn)度：visibility 酸雨：acid rain一次污染物： primary

10、 pollutant 二次污染物：secondary pollutant氮氧化物：nitrogen oxides 硫氧化物：sulfur oxides硫化氫：hydrogen sulfide 碳氧化物：carbon oxides硝酸：nitric acid 鹽酸：hydrochloric acid 硫酸：sulfuric acid 二氧化硫：sulfur dioxide除塵工藝：Dust removal吸收：absorption吸附：adsorptionGAC（顆粒活性炭）：granular activated carbonPAC（粉末活性炭）：powdered activated carbo

11、nACF（活性炭纖維）：activated carbon fiber靜電除塵：electric dust precipitation 重力除塵：gravitational settling臭氧：ozone光化學(xué)煙霧：photochemical smoke噴淋（洗滌）：scavenging凝聚：flocculation植物吸收：植物吸附：土壤：soil 熱污染：temperature change/thermal pollution噪聲：noise 放射性：radioactivity光輻射：optical radiation 光合成：Photosynthesis 易燃性：ignitability

12、易爆性：ignitability反應(yīng)性：reactivity傳染性：infectivity腐蝕性：corrosivityEIA：environmental impact assessmentCAD（計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)）：computer aided design大氣污染控制工程：air pollution control水污染控制工程：water pollution control固體廢物污染控制工程：solid waste management污染物：pollutant污染源：pollution source同化作用：assimilation 固體廢物：solid wastes消納作用：Dige

13、stive Function 危險(xiǎn)廢物：hazardous wastes 城市生活垃圾：municipal wastes化學(xué)污泥chemical sludge：生物污泥：biological sludge 工業(yè)固廢：industrial wastes 分選處理：separation treatment礦業(yè)固廢：mine solid wastes 破碎處理：processing農(nóng)業(yè)固廢：agriculture solid wastes 壓實(shí)處理：reduction in volume污泥脫水：disposal of the sludge ？污泥濃縮：sludge thickening帶式壓濾：B

14、elt filter press離心脫水：centrifugal dewatering 篩分：screening堆肥和堆肥化：compost and composting沼氣和沼氣化：biogas熱解與焚燒：pyrolysis and incineration生物轉(zhuǎn)化作用：biotransformation熱化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化作用：thermo-chemical conversion固化和穩(wěn)定化作用：solidification and stabilization資源化：resource減量化：pollution control無(wú)害化：harmlessness固體廢物全過(guò)程控制：solid waste

15、integrated control固體廢物污染控制：solid waster pollution control固體廢物處理：processing and recovery處置：disposal物質(zhì)回收：materials recovery 物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化：material conversion能量回收：energy recovery 能量轉(zhuǎn)化：energy conversion1. Environmental engineering has been defined as the branch of engineering that is concerned with protecting th

16、e environment from the potential, deleterious effects of human activity, protecting human populations from the effects of adverse environmental factors, and improving environmental quality for human health and well-being.（2頁(yè)）環(huán)境工程學(xué)是環(huán)境工程的分支學(xué)科，其研究?jī)?nèi)容包括保護(hù)環(huán)境免受人類活動(dòng)改造形成的潛在和不利影響保護(hù)人類免受不利環(huán)境因素的影響持續(xù)改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量，以造福于人類

17、健康與福祉。2. An understanding of the nature of the environment and of human interaction with it is a necessary prerequisite to understanding the work of the environmental engineering.（2頁(yè)）了解環(huán)境性質(zhì)以及環(huán)境與人類相互作用是了解環(huán)境工程師的先決條件。3. Engineers must appreciate the fundamental principles of ecology, and design with th

18、e environment，so as not to impact adversely on especially fragile ecosystem。For example ，one of the most fragile of all ecosystem is the deep oceans ，yet ocean disposal of hazardous waste is seriously advocated by some engineers。The inclusion of ecological principles in engineering decisions is a ma

19、jor component of the environmental engineering profession。（6頁(yè)）環(huán)境工程師必須深入了解、重視生態(tài)學(xué)的基本原理，并應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)原理來(lái)規(guī)劃環(huán)境，以免影響較脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境。例如：深海是所有生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中最脆弱的環(huán)境之一，但卻有些工程師極力主張危險(xiǎn)廢物深海處置。因此充分考慮生態(tài)學(xué)基本原理是是環(huán)境工程職業(yè)在工程決策上的一個(gè)重要組成部分。4. In a natural state, earths life forms live in equilibrium with their environment. The numbers and activiti

20、es of each species are governed by the resources available to them。（11頁(yè)）在自然環(huán)境狀態(tài)下，地球上生物與其生存環(huán)境之間處于一種相互適應(yīng)、相互協(xié)調(diào)的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡關(guān)系5. As pollutants enter air ，water，or soil，natural processes such as dilution，biological conversions，and chemical reactions convert waste material to more acceptable forms and disperse th

21、em through a large volume。（17頁(yè)）6. The environmental engineers unique role is to build a bridge between biology and technology by applying all the techniques made available by modern engineering technology to the job of cleaning up the debris left in the wake of an indiscriminate use of that technolo

22、gy。（17頁(yè)）？7. For only by bringing technology into harmony with the natural environment can the engineer hope to achieve the goals of the professional-the protection of the environment from the potentially deleterious effects of human activity， the protection of human population from the effects of ad

23、verse environmental factors，and the improvement of environmental quality for human health and well-being。（18頁(yè)）8. The atmosphere，like a stream or a river，has natural，built-in self-cleansing processes without which the troposphere would quickly become unlivable for humans。Most of the air-pollution-con

24、trol devices discussed in this chapter，for both stationary and mobile source，make use of some of the principles involved in the natural atmospheric cleansing processes。（34頁(yè)）9. When the various and sundry natural atmospheric cleansing mechanisms are overwhelmed by gaseous and particulate emissions，th

25、e effects of air pollution become increasingly more evident。Clothing is soiled，particles are deposited on buildings and other surfaces，plants are damaged，visibility is reduced，and human respiratory problems are increased。To prevent these and other evidence of air pollution，it is necessary to establi

26、sh control procedures or to install control devices。But even with the application of the best available technology，low-level emission must ultimately be removed by natural atmospheric cleansing mechanisms。（35頁(yè)）10. In summary，for treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewaters，new technology，ne

27、w processes，and new approaches，as well as modifications of old approaches，are the order of the day。The image today is no longer that of the “l(fā)arge concrete basins”，but one of a series of closely integrated unit operations。These operations both physical and chemical in nature，must be tailored for eac

28、h individual wastewater。The chemical engineers skill in integrating these unit operations into effective processes makes him admirably qualified to design wastewater treatment facilities。（48頁(yè)）11. Some conjecture exists as to a precise definition for physical-chemical treatment。Although other systems

29、 might be considered，the only one discussed here is chemical clarification followed by dissolved organic removal。The first stage of treatment is designed to provide efficient suspended and colloidal solid removal along with phosphorus removal；the second operation removes a large percentage of the dissolved organic matter。（56頁(yè)）？12. Biological reactions may be classified as aerobic，anaerobic，or photosynthetic according to the predominant type of microbial activity and all three are of i