1、CLAW5001LegalEnvironmentofBusiness,ThresholdLegalConceptsI:analysinglegislationandcaselawPattyKamvounias,2,OverviewofTodaysLecture,SourcesoflawparliamentscourtsThresholdlegalconceptsI:StatutelawandstatutoryinterpretationCaselawandprecedentLegalreasoningandanalysisPreviewofnextweekThresholdlegalconce

2、ptsII:legalliabilitycivilorcriminal?primaryoraccessory?individualorcorporate?,2,DiscussionQuestions,Howiscaselawmade?Howiscaselawchanged?Howisstatutelawmade?Howisstatutelawchanged?Whataresomeofthekeydifferencesbetweenstatutelawandcaselaw?Whatroledothecourtsplayinrelationtostatutelawandcaselaw?Whatro

3、ledoparliamentsplayinrelationtostatutelawandcaselaw?Whatarethekeyfeaturesofthedoctrineofprecedent?Whatdothefollowingtermsmean:ratiodecidendi,obiterdictaHowmightyouidentifyanissueoflaw?Whatdoesitmeantothinklikealawyer?Whydopeopleinbusinessneedtoknowhowlawyersthink?,3,Sourcesoflaw:parliament,theParlia

4、mentoftheUnitedKingdom:nolongerasourceoflaw,5,NewSouthWales:parliamentandgovernment,6,NSWParliamentBuildingMacquarieStreetSydney,NSWPremierBarryOFarrell,CommonwealthofAustralia:parliamentandgovernment,7,ParliamentofAustraliaBuildingCanberra,PrimeMinisterTonyAbbott,Sourcesoflaw:stateandfederalparliam

5、ent,8,Readingandinterpretinglegislation,10,.au/multimedia/library/pages/0007.html,Howislegislationmade?OverviewofthelegislativeprocessFromaBill(proposal/draftlegislation)toanAct(statute/law),Sourcesoflaw:findingstatutelaw,11,Sourcesoflaw:citingstatutelaw,12,Readingstatutelaw,Competi

6、tionandConsumerAct2010(Cwth)wascalledtheTradePracticesAct1974(Cwth)untilrenamedasfrom1January2011availableonlineat.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/Whatistheaimofthislegislation?,s2:TheobjectofthisActistoenhancethewelfareofAustraliansthroughthepromotionofcompetitionandfair

7、tradingandprovisionforconsumerprotection.,13,Statutelaw-structure,CompetitionandConsumerAct2010(Cwth),14,15,CompetitionandConsumerAct2010(Cwth),s44ZZRA:Acorporationmustnotmake,orgiveeffectto,acontract,arrangementorunderstandingthatcontainsacartelprovision.,Elements:Acorporationmakeorgiveeffecttoacon

8、tractarrangementorunderstandingcartelprovision,Topic10Anti-competitiveagreements,16,Elements:Apersonintradeorcommerceengageinconductmisleadingordeceptiveorlikelytomisleadordeceive,s18.Apersonmustnot,intradeorcommerce,engageinconductthatismisleadingordeceptiveorislikelytomisleadordeceive.,Competition

9、andConsumerAct2010(Cwth),Topic11Statutorymisrepresentation,theneedforinterpretation,ThedutyofthecourtsistoascertainandgiveeffecttothewillofParliamentasexpressedinitsenactment.IntheperformanceofthisdutytheJudgesdonotactascomputersintowhicharefedthestatutesandtherulesfortheconstructionofstatutesandfro

10、mwhomissueforththemathematicallycorrectanswerTheyarenotlegislators,butfinishers,refinersandpolishersoflegislationwhichcomestotheminastaterequiringvaryingdegreesoffurtherprocessing.DonaldsonJ,CorocraftLtdvPanAmericanAirwaysInc.19683WLR714at732,Whatdothejudgesthink?,18,statutoryinterpretation,Interpre

11、tationoflegislationbythecourtstraditionalapproach-literalruleGivewordstheirordinaryandnaturalmeaninginterpretationtoavoidabsurditygoldenruleGivewordstheirliteralmeaningbutnotifthisresultsinanabsurdityorinconsistencywiththerestoftheActpurposiveapproachGivewordsameaninginlightofthepurposeorintentionof

12、theParliamentuseofintrinsicandextrinsicmaterials,19,20,statutoryinterpretation,ACTSINTERPRETATIONACT1901-SECTION15AARegardtobehadtopurposeorobjectofAct(1)IntheinterpretationofaprovisionofanAct,aconstructionthatwouldpromotethepurposeorobjectunderlyingtheAct(whetherthatpurposeorobjectisexpresslystated

13、intheActornot)shallbepreferredtoaconstructionthatwouldnotpromotethatpurposeorobject.,21,statutoryinterpretation,ACTSINTERPRETATIONACT1901-SECTION15ABUseofextrinsicmaterialintheinterpretationofanAct(1)intheinterpretationofaprovisionofanAct,ifanymaterialnotformingpartoftheActiscapableofassistinginthea

14、scertainmentofthemeaningoftheprovision,considerationmaybegiventothatmaterial:(a)toconfirmthatthemeaningoftheprovisionistheordinarymeaningconveyedbythetextoftheprovisiontakingintoaccountitscontextintheActandthepurposeorobjectunderlyingtheAct;or(b)todeterminethemeaningoftheprovisionwhen:(i)theprovisio

15、nisambiguousorobscure;or(ii)theordinarymeaningconveyedbythetextoftheprovisiontakingintoaccountitscontextintheActandthepurposeorobjectunderlyingtheActleadstoaresultthatismanifestlyabsurdorisunreasonable.,syntacticalpresumptions:contextualreadingoflegislation,Nosciturasociis:Themeaningofawordorphrasei

16、stobederivedfromitscontext.CaseexampleRvAnnHarris(1836)7Ccourtwillassesscredibilityetc,41,whatistherelevantlaw?,42,Sourcesoflaw:other,43,Sourcesoflaw:wheredoyoustart?,44,precedent,45,arulestatedandusedinapastcasemaybeusedinothersimilarcasestodayorinthefuture,analogy,reasoningbyanalogylookforsimilari

17、tiesanddifferencesinthefactsconsiderrelevanceandimportanceuseasbasisfornot/applyingoldruletonewcase(methodofdistinguishingearliercase/priorauthority),46,thedoctrineofprecedent,Whatistherationaleforthedoctrineofprecedent?AccordingtoBransonandFinkelsteinJJinTelstraCorporationvTreloar(2000)102FCR595iti

18、sabout:CertaintyEqualityEfficiencyAppearanceofjustice,47,thedoctrineofprecedent,Generalrules:Eachcourtisboundtofollowdecisionsofcourtshigherinitsownhierarchy(soyouneedtoknowwherethecourtfitsinthehierarchy+howtofindearliercourtdecisions)Adecisionofacourtinadifferenthierarchyorlowerinthesamehierarchym

19、aybepersuasivebutwillnotbebindingAcourtwillnotconsideritselfboundbyitsownpastdecisionsOnlytheratiodecidendiofapastcaseisbindingObiterdictaarenotbindingbutmaybepersuasivePrecedentsdonotlosetheirforcebylapseoftime,48,whatisbinding?,OnlytheratiodecidendiorreasonfordecidingisbindingJudgeswilltakecarewhe

20、nstatingarulethatformsareasonfortheirdecisionsbutidentifyingtheratiowillnotalwaysbeeasyTheremaybemorethanonereasongivenforthedecisionItmightbepossibletostatetheratioatahigherorlowerlevelofgeneralityIfstatedmoregenerallyitwillincludeawiderrangeofcasesIfstatedlessgenerallyitwillbelimitedtotheparticula

21、rfactsofthecaseItmightbedifficulttodistinguishtheratiofromtheobiterdictainthecase(observationsnotnecessarytosupportthedecision;commentsonhypotheticalsituations),49,whatistherelevantlaw?,Ifasuperiorcourtinthesamehierarchyhaspreviouslymadeadecisiononanidenticalquestionoflaw,doctrineofprecedentrequires

22、thejudgetofollowthatdecisionandapplythelawasitwasstatedthereWherenostrictlybindingprecedentexists,theremaystillbeaprecedentinanotherjurisdictionthatthejudgemaydecidetoapplybecauseitishighlypersuasiveWhatcanthecourtdoifitdoesnotwanttofollowtheruleintheearlierdecision(evenifitisbindingorhighlypersuasi

23、ve)?Waystoavoidprecedents:DistinguishtheprecedentonitsfactsNoneedtofollowobiterdicta(onlyratio)Changedsocialconditions,50,roleofjudiciary,Inanyfieldoflaw,however,theremayarisetherarelandmarkcaseinwhichacourt,usuallyafinalappellatecourt,concludesthatthecircumstancesaresuchastoentitleandobligeittoreas

24、sessthecontentofsomeruleorsetofrulesinthecontextofcurrentsocialconditions,standardsanddemandsandtochangeorreversethedirectionofthedevelopmentofthelaw.Thereassessmentofthecontentoftheparticularruleorrulesoflawinsuchacaseis,nonetheless,anunavoidableconcomitantoftheproperperformanceofthejudicialfunctio

25、nifthelawisnottolosecontactwiththesocialneedswhichjustifyitsexistenceandwhichitexiststoserve.DeaneJ,JaenschvCoffey(1984)155CLR549at599-600,thenatureofcaselaw,Therule/soflawcomingfromcasesarenotinfixedverbalform(contrastrulessetoutinstatutes)legalprinciples/rulesmaybeexpresslystatedormayjustbeimplied

26、inthejudgesdecisionthejudgemaystatetherulemorethanonceusingadifferentformofwordseachtimetheremaybemorethanonejudgeinvolvedinthedecisionandeachmaygiveadifferentstatementoftheruleCaselawrulesaremoreflexiblethanrulesinstatutes(butalsomaybelesscertain),52,howiscaselawchanged?,Byanappellatecourtreversing

27、thedecisiononappealByalatercourt(usuallyahigherlevelcourt)overrulingthedecisionBylegislationpassedbyParliamentNoteAllcourtdecisionscanbeoverturnedbylegislationEXCEPTdecisionsonconstitutionalmattersAlthoughParliamentmaypasslegislationtochangeacommonlawruleorlegalprinciple,parliamentcannotoverrideacou

28、rtdecisionbychangingtheactualresult/outcomeinaparticularcase,53,Legalreasoningandanalysis,ThinkingskillsI,55,/training_pages/critical_thinking.htm,answeringmathsandsciencequestions,56,answeringlegalquestions,57,ThinkingSkillsII,“Theubiquitousaimoflegaleducationisfor

29、studentstolearnhowtothinklikelawyers.”JohnHWadeMeetMIRATLegalReasoningFragmentedintoLearnableChunks(1990-91)2LegalEducationReview283,283,58,ThinkingSkillsII,59,ThinkingSkillsII:stepsinlegalanalysis+anacronym!,JohnHWadeMeetMIRATLegalReasoningFragmentedintoLearnableChunks(1990-91)2LegalEducationReview283Frameworkofanalysis:Identifyingmaterialfacts(M)Identifyingissuesoflaw(I)Identifyingrelevantrules(R)Developingargumentsandcounter-argumentsinrelationtothelegali