1、英語中的五種基本句型,英語句子有長(zhǎng)在短，有簡(jiǎn)有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。 英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： + （主謂） 基本句型二： + + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主謂賓） 基本句型四： + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五： + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）,基本句型 一 +（主謂） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短

2、語、狀語從句等。,基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn,go等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義另:stay,prove,remain,stand,基本句型 三 + +（主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)

3、作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。,基本句型 四 + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。 通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來連接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。,基本句型 五 + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。,典型例題分析,1.They work har

4、d. 主 + 謂 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 謂 + 賓 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 簡(jiǎn)賓 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ) 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 謂,除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞

5、短語）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）為例： We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers

6、listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。,不同的動(dòng)詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞的類型。以 get 為例： Hes getting angry. (S V P) He got through the window. (S V O) Youll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his sho

7、es and socks wet. (S V O C) He got himself into trouble. (S V O C) He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O) 在句子中詞類和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了這本書。S V O M） I found the book easy. 我覺得這本書很容易。 （S V O C） I have to do something. 我得做點(diǎn)事。 I have something to do. 我有點(diǎn)事做。,A Lebanese who h

8、ad left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006. S + V,A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team

9、on its way to the world championships. S + V + O,Ministry: Thai bird flu did not originate in China According to the current information held by the Chinese authorities, a verdict arrived at by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the bird flu research and test centre of Th

10、ailand was arbitrary and based on the fact that the virus found in Thailand and Laos was similar to recent finds in southern China, the ministrys statement said. s+v+p,A policeman removes a check point notice from the road to the village where bird flu patient were found in Zhongwei County, northwes

11、t Ningxia Autonomous Region, August 12, 2006. Xinhua,Members of Hong Kong singing group, Gillian Chung (L) and Charlene Choi hold a banner which reads “Dignity” during a news conference entitled “Privacy and dignity: Hong Kong peoples business” in Hong Kong August 28, 2006. Semi-nude(半裸) photos of C

12、hung taken with a hidden camera have sparked an uproar(騷動(dòng)) among fans and womens right groups. S+ V+O,First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who ma

13、de a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇） 這個(gè)定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包括一位法國(guó)女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。 簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜過去分詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語，動(dòng)名詞及兩個(gè)定語從句。,.,22,Even though there may b

14、e a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is. S+V+P,Josephine Tesauro, left, active and healthy at 92, is part of a study trying to determin

15、e why some people age better than others, even when they are closely related.,.,23,Washington says world powers are poised to begin discussing punitive measures next week against Iran if, as expected, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reports Teheran has ignored the UN demand to stop enr

16、iching uranium by August 31.,.,24,英語句式考查,1.Whom would you rather_ the car? My father. A. have fix B. have to fix C. had fix D. have to be fixed 2.Was it 8 oclock _you heard someone_ at the door? A.when;knocking B.when;knock C.that;knocking D.that;knock 3.Was it in the room_ Mr. John lived_the exhibi

17、tion was held? A.that;that B.where;where C.that;where D.where;that 4.Is _ you want to say? Yes,_ thats all I know. A.all what;yet B.which all;unless C.that all; D.all that;so,5.Was it not until 1920_ regular radio broadcasts began? A.while B.which C.that D.since 6._the house Mr Zhang has been broken

18、 into? A.When was it that B.When has C.Has D.Had 7.Did_ she was chosen make her very happy? A.what B.that C.which D.it 8.Was it at the air battle on June 8,1994,_ was led by captain Johnson,_ Peter lost his life? A.when;that B.that;who C.which;that D.which;when,9.-Would you tell me _you want your tea, with sugar or milk? -Sugar, please. A.whether B.when C.what D.how 10.At last the soldiers reached _the locals called the Golden Triangle. A.what B.which C.as D.one 11. “Well make pub