1、中考定語從句講解與練習(xí)一、定語從句的概述在復(fù)合句中修飾或限定名詞、代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾或限定的名詞、代詞叫做先行詞；引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做引導(dǎo)詞。定語從句放在所修飾、限定的詞（先行詞）之后。例1：The boy who is reading a story book is my brother. 那個(gè)正在讀一本故事書的男孩是我的兄弟。在這句話中，who is reading a story book.是定語從句。它修飾、限定the boy，the boy是先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的who是引導(dǎo)詞。二、定語從句的分類： 定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。1. 限制性定語

2、從句一般緊跟在先行詞的后面，用來說明先行詞的性質(zhì)、身份、特征等狀況，與先行詞的關(guān)系非常密切，翻譯時(shí)一般要譯到先行詞的前面；如果去掉，則整個(gè)句子的意思含混不清。A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health. 醫(yī)生是照顧人們健康的人。2. 非限制性定語從句起到補(bǔ)充說明作用，譯為漢語時(shí)常不譯作定語，而是根據(jù)句意譯為相應(yīng)的其他形式的從句。它與主句的關(guān)系不如限制性定語從句密切，只是對先行詞作附加說明，既使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。非限制性定語從句前往往有逗號與主句隔開，如非限制性定語從句放在句子中間，其前后都需要用逗號與隔開。Yesterday,

3、 Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed two years.昨天，吉米動身到加拿大去了，他曾在那兒呆了兩年。三、定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞稱為引導(dǎo)詞，它一方面連接先行詞和定語從句；別一方面又在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成份，引導(dǎo)詞一般不能按照疑問代詞或疑問副詞的意義進(jìn)行翻譯，一般情況下應(yīng)譯為“的”。定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可為分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。I. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞代替的是表示人或物的名詞或代詞，并且在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成份。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。關(guān)系代詞在從句是作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。常見的關(guān)

4、系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。1. 當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，使用who或whom，如果在從句中作主語，則用who；作賓語，則用whom，但在口語中，?？捎脀ho代替whom，也可以省略。Whom 作介詞賓語時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間，也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面。The boy who can play basketball well is our monitor.那個(gè)籃球打得好的男孩是我們的班長。The man (whom) we met at the school gate is an English teacher. 我們在學(xué)校門口遇

5、到的那個(gè)人是一位英語教師。 The woman to whom you talked is Kangkangs mother. =The woman (whom) you talked to is Kangkangs mother 那位與你談話的婦女是康康的媽媽。2. 當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，使用which，在從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。Which 作介詞賓語時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間，也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面。The books which were bought last week will be sent to poor children.上周買的那些書將被送給

6、貧困孩子。He gave me the ball (which) we bought last week. 他把我們上周買的球給了我。Dont bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. =Dont bring children to see the animals (which) they are afraid of.不在帶孩子去看那些他們害怕的動物。3. Whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞可以是人也可以是物，whose在從句中作定語。Whose 作介詞賓語時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間，也可以把介詞放在從句

7、中有關(guān)動詞的后面。The man whose coat is blue is cleaning the room. 那個(gè)穿藍(lán)上衣的人在打掃房間。The book whose cover is red is an English book. 那本紅色封面的書是一本英語書。The boss in whose factory I worked is a very kind person. =The boss whose factory I worked in is a very kind person.我工作的那個(gè)工廠的老板是一個(gè)非常和善的人。4. that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞既可指人也可指物。在

8、從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。that在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞一般不放在它的前面。The new job that I found was to be a teacher. 我新找的工作是當(dāng)老師。He is the teacher that we met at the bus stop.他就是我們昨天在公共汽車站遇到的那位老師。The village that he lives in is very far away. 他所居住的村子非常遠(yuǎn)。 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作短語動詞的賓語時(shí)，此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞前的介詞應(yīng)是短語動詞固定搭配中的那一個(gè)介詞。 This is the house i

9、n which Lu Xun once lived. 這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房子。5. 當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)that一般可以與who 通用；當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，that一般可以與which通用。但是當(dāng)先行詞符合下列條件之一時(shí)，只能用that. 當(dāng)先行詞指物為不定代詞時(shí)，只用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。Ive forgotten everything that I learnt at school. 我在學(xué)校學(xué)的東西我全忘記了。 當(dāng)先行詞是最高級或被最高級所修飾時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。This is the best way that we can raise money. 這是我們可以籌錢的最好方法。 當(dāng)

10、先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。He is the first person that I met this morning. 他是我今天早上見到的第一個(gè)人。 當(dāng)先行詞被only, very, just, last, one of, all no, little, few, any等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。It is one of the beautiful views that I have seen. 這是我所見到的最美的風(fēng)景之一。 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。We talked the things and person

11、s that we were interested in.我們談?wù)撐覀兏信d趣的人和事。 如果有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)用了who (which)來引導(dǎo)，則另一個(gè)用that以避免重復(fù)。He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.他建造了工廠要生產(chǎn)一些我們以前沒見過的東西。 當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 This is the last place that I want to visit. 這是我想

12、參觀的最后一個(gè)地方。6. 當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，that一般可以與which通用。但是當(dāng)先行詞符合下列條件之一時(shí)，只能用which. 當(dāng)作主語或賓語的關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，只能用which. This is the house of which the windows face south. 這是那間窗戶朝南的房子。 在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，which可代表先行詞或前面的一句話，譯成“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”。 He passed the exam, which made us very happy. 他通過了考試，這使得我們非常高興。 先行詞為that, those時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用which. Whats t

13、hat which is on the table? 桌子上是什么？7. 當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)that一般可以與who 通用。但是當(dāng)先行詞符合下列條件之一時(shí)，只能用who. 當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, anyone, those指代人時(shí)， 只能用who. Anyone who does that must be mad. 誰那樣做一定是瘋了。 在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞是人時(shí)，只能用who. There is a girl who is waiting for you. 有個(gè)女孩在等你。 當(dāng)先行詞是人，后面有較長的修飾語時(shí)，只用who. I met a friend of mine wh

14、o had got three gold medals in the Asian Games. 昨天我在公園見到一個(gè)朋友，他在亞運(yùn)會上得到了三枚金牌。 當(dāng)先行詞是I, you, he ,they等時(shí)（常用于諺語中），只用who. He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火自焚。II. 關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。常用關(guān)系副詞有why, when, where.1. when 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。也可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”代替when, 這時(shí)的介詞一般為in, at, on等。Ill never forg

15、et the day when (on which) I first come here.我永遠(yuǎn)都不會忘記我第一次到這兒的那天。2. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。也可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”代替where, 這時(shí)的介詞一般為表示方位的at, in , on, beside等。This is the room where (in which) he lived last year. 這是他去年住過的房間。3. why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。也可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”代替why, 這時(shí)的介詞一般為for。Thats the reason why (for which) he

16、was late for school. 這就是他上學(xué)遲到的原因。4. that 可用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。This is the place (that / where / in which) he works. 這是他工作的地方。四、非限制性定語從句1. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在非限制性定語從句中的應(yīng)用與在限制性定語從句中類似。先行詞為人時(shí)，用who, whom, whose；先行詞為物時(shí)，用which。 that不用于非限制性定語從句中。Mary has a brother, who is an en

17、gineer. 瑪麗有一個(gè)兄弟，他是一位工程師。She has six cousins, three of whom lived to grow up. 她有六個(gè)表兄弟，其中三個(gè)已經(jīng)長大成人了。The children are taught by a 32-year-old Englishman, whose wife is an American.孩子們的老師是一位32歲的英國人，他的妻子是美國人。2. 非限制性定語從句也可以由where或when 引起。Last week we visited Hangzhou, where there is a beautiful lake.上周我們游覽

18、了杭州，那兒有一個(gè)美麗的湖。We will put off the party until next week, when we wont be so busy.我們把晚會推遲到下周，那時(shí)我們就不會這么忙了。定語從句專練單項(xiàng)選擇. 從題后所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳答案填入空白處。1. Mr. Li is an English teacher _ loved playing soccer.A. who B. whom C. he D. which2. We called the man _ had promised to help us.A. he B. that C. whom D. which3

19、. The coat _ he is wearing today was bought by his aunt.A. what B. where C. who D. that4. The place _ he works is in the factory.A. that B. which C. in which D. in where5. Thats the most beautiful place _ I have ever _.A. where; visited B. that; visit C. where; visit D. that; visited6. I dont know t

20、he boy _.A. whom you often talk B. you often talk withC. with who you often talk D. that you often talk7. Look! The boy _ name is Simon is playing soccer with his friends.A. who B. whose C. which D. whom8. All _ they have done is good for us.A. what B. which C. why D. that9. I want to go to some pla

21、ces _ its cool in summer.A. those B. which C. where D. this10. Saturday is the day _ people can have a rest.A. that B. at which C. on which D. on that11. She is new here, there are no friends _ she can _ turn for help in the city.A. whom B. to whom C. which D. to which12. He is one of the boys _ bas

22、ketball well.A. whom play B. whom plays C. who play D. who plays13. The fence in our garden, _ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.A. that B. which C. what D. where14. Ill remember the time _ we spent together in the country.A. that B. when C. during which D. at which15. I don

23、t believe the reason _ he has given for his being late.A. why B. that C. how D. what16. There are two caps on the table, _ belongs to Tom.A. the smaller of which B. the small of which C. the smaller of them D. the small one17. My brother had become a doctor, _ was what he wanted to be.A. who B. what

24、 C. that D. which18. There is a mountain _ the top is always covered with snow.A. whose B. of which C. its D. that19. Is there a post office around _ I can get some stamps?A. which B. what C. where D. that20. He talked happily about the man and books _ interested him greatly in the school.A. which B

25、. that C. who D. when21. There isnt a dictionary _ you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that22. He wanted to know the time _ he needed to know.A. that B. when C. where D. what23. Lucys pet cat died, _ made her very sad.A. as B. which C. that D. whose24. This is one of the best fil

26、ms _ this year.A. have been show B. that have shown C. that have been shown D. which has been shown25. Is _ some foreigners visited last week?A. this factory B. this the factory C. this factory one D. the factory where26. Ill give you _ he gave me last week.A. all which B. all what C. that all D. al

27、l27. Ill never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. where B. when C. why D. that28. That is the reason _ he didnt come to your birthday.A. why B. that C. which D. when29. The doctor _ we met at the gate works in the nearby hospital.A. / B. who C. which D. he30. His book is not the only thing _ has

28、been stolen.A. that B. / C. which D. who參考答案1. A 先行詞teacher 指人，關(guān)系代詞who在定語從句中作主語。B中whom只能作賓語；C中he不可以作定語從句引導(dǎo)詞；D中which引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞應(yīng)為物；故選A是正確的。2. B 先行詞the man指人，關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作主語。C中whom只能作賓語；A中he不可以作定語從句引導(dǎo)詞；D中which引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞應(yīng)為物；故選A是正確的。故選B。3. D 先行詞the coat指物，關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作wearing的賓語。What, it, this均不做引導(dǎo)

29、詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。因此選D是正確的。4. C 先行詞the place， 關(guān)系代詞in which在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于where。He是定語從句的主語，work是不及物動詞，不帶賓語，因此A，B不正確。副詞不可作介詞的賓語，D選項(xiàng)不正確。故選C是正確的。5. D 先行詞是place, 關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作visited 的賓語。句子的后半部分為現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)。定語從句中visit需要一個(gè)賓語，因此A，C可排除。Visit前有have ever，可以判斷出是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，B選項(xiàng)中visit沒有用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。選D是正確的。6. B 先行詞為the boy指人，關(guān)系代詞who/ tha

30、t作talk with的賓語, 可以省略。Talk為不及物動詞，A，D選項(xiàng)不正確；who 不作介詞賓語，C選項(xiàng)可排除；故選B。7. B 先行詞the boy 指人，關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語。What, which, whom不能作定語。故選B。8. D 先行詞all是不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作done的賓語。當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞且指物時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞只能是that.故選D。9. C 先行詞是some places, 表示地點(diǎn)。 關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。Those, this 不引導(dǎo)定語從句。Which是關(guān)系代詞。因此，只能選C。10. C 先

31、行詞是the day，表示時(shí)間。On which等于where在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。因此，A，D不符合要求。在具體到某一天時(shí)，我們一般用介詞on而不用at，所以B也不合適。只可以選C。11. B 先行詞是friends, 指人。關(guān)系代詞whom在定語從句中作turn to 的賓語。選項(xiàng)C，D不可以代指人，turn to sb. for help 向某人求助, A不符合要求。故選B。12. C 先行詞是the boys, 關(guān)系代詞who在定語從句中作主語。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。選項(xiàng)A，B中whom不可以在定語從句中作主語，D中數(shù)與先行詞不一致

32、。故選C。13. B 這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是the fence, 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語。That不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，不可以選A。where 不能在定語從句中作賓語。What不引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選B。14. A 先行詞是the time, 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用spent的賓語。Spent是及物動詞，可以直接帶賓語，不需用介詞。因此，B，C，D不符合要求。選A。15. B 先行詞是the reason, 關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作given的賓語。Why不能作賓語，how, what不引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選B。16. A 這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是two caps,

33、關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中作主語。C，D不是定語從句，指兩個(gè)中較小的那個(gè)，應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級。故選A。17. D 這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是doctor, 在本句中指職業(yè)。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語。Who引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞指人，that不用于非限制定語從句。What 不用于引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選D。18. B 先行詞是mountain, of which等于where, 在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。Whose, that在定語從句中不作狀語，its不引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選B。19. C 先行詞是post office, 關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。Which, that不能在

34、定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，what不引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選C。20. B 先行詞是the man and books，既有人又有物。關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作主語。當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選B。21. C 先行詞是a dictionary, 關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中作狀語。That, which在定語從句中不作狀語。That在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞不可以放在它的前面。故選C。22. A 先行詞是the time, 關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作know的賓語。When, where在定語從句中不作賓語，what不引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選A。23. B 這是一個(gè)非

35、限制性定語從句，關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中作主語，指代Lucys pet cat died這一個(gè)句子。在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，which可代表前面的一句話，譯成“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”。As引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，不可指代一個(gè)句子，that不用于非限制性定語從句，this不引導(dǎo)這定語從句。故選B。24. C 先行詞是the best films，關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作主語。當(dāng)先行詞是最高級或被最高級所修飾時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選C。25. B 主句是is this the factory, 先行詞是factory, 關(guān)系代詞that/ which在定語從句中作visited的賓語。

36、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略。選項(xiàng)A，C，指代不明。選項(xiàng)D中where不可作定語從句的賓語。故選B。26. D 主句是Ill give you all, 先行詞是不定代詞all, 關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作gave的直接賓語。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略。A選項(xiàng)中當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，不用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。B選項(xiàng)中what不引導(dǎo)定語從句。C選項(xiàng)中that作give 的直接賓語，指代不明。故選D。27. B 先行詞是the day指時(shí)間，關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。Where, when, that不能在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。故選B。28. A 先行詞是the r

37、eason指原因, 關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作原因狀語。That, which, when不能在定語從句中作原因狀語。故選A。29. A 先行詞是the doctor指人，關(guān)系代詞that/whom在定語從句中作賓語。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略，在這里省略了that或whom。Who在定語從句中不作賓語。Which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾的先行詞指物，he不引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選A。30. A 先行詞the only thing指物，關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作主語。當(dāng)先行詞被the only修飾時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選A。中考定語從句一、 定語從句的概念：在復(fù)合句中，用來修飾某一名

38、詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，定語從句必須放在先行詞之后，對先行詞起修飾限定作用。e.g. He is the man who I want to see. 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語從句二、定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who (whom, whose)關(guān)系副詞where, when, why關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定成分。三、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 如果先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who (whom, whose) 和that。e.g.This is Xi

39、ao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday. (who / that在從句中作主語) 這就是昨天給我們作報(bào)告的小王。 The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that在從句中作賓語) 上周你看見的那個(gè)人已離開了城鎮(zhèn)。 I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. (whose在從句中作定語) 我認(rèn)識的那個(gè)婦女，她的丈夫是個(gè)醫(yī)生。 如果先行詞是表示物的名詞或代詞時(shí)，則用which或that。e.g.Guilin is a

40、city which / that has a history of 2000 years. (which / that在從句子中作主語) 桂林是座具有2000年歷史的城市。 The mooncakes which / that mother cooked taste nice. (which / that在從句中作賓語) 媽媽做的月餅很好吃。四、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)方面： 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。e.g.The man who lives downstairs speaks English well. 住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語說得很好。

41、The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 三年級的學(xué)生明天去爬山。 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，往往可以省略。e.g.Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 你昨天碰見的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。This is the book (which) you are looking for. 這是那本你正在找的書。 There are some films (that) Id like to see. 有幾部電影我

42、想去看。 口語中作為賓語的關(guān)系代詞whom也可用who，且也可以省略。e.g.The man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school.你們剛才在談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人已經(jīng)來到我們學(xué)校。 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞可以放在whom, which之前（不可放在that之前）e.g. The man (whom) I borrowed the book from is Li Lei. 我借書的那個(gè)人是李雷。 The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei.The house (

43、which) he lives in is quite large. 他住的房子很大。 The house in which he lives is quite large. 應(yīng)注意，如果介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞不可省略，另外，若定語從句中謂語動詞是固定搭配的詞組，則其后的介詞或副詞不可前移至關(guān)系代詞之前。e.g. The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk. 你在尋找的那本詞典在桌子上。The sick man whom she is taking care of is her farther. 她在照顧的病人是她父親

44、。五、關(guān)系代詞只能用that的幾種情況： 當(dāng)先行詞是everything, anything, nothing, none, the one (something除外) 等不定代詞時(shí)。e.g. I had to remember everything that the teacher taught me. 我必須記住老師教給我的一切知識。 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或the last修飾時(shí)。e.g. He was the first student that got to school today. 他是今天第一個(gè)到學(xué)校的學(xué)生。 先行詞是，或者被all, no, some, any, little, mu

45、ch, few等修飾時(shí)。e.g. I have done all that he told us to do. 我已完成了他讓我做的一切。 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。e.g. He worked out the most difficult problem that I had seen. 他解答出我所見過最難的題目。 先行詞被the very, the only, the same修飾時(shí)。e.g. I need the same dictionary that you have. 我需要同你一樣的字典。 先行詞是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)分別表示人和物的名詞時(shí)e.g. He told us many in

46、teresting things and persons that we had never heard. 他給我們講了許多我們從來沒有聽說過的有趣的人和事。 主句是以who, which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)e.g. Who is the man that you spoke to just now? 你剛才跟他說話的那個(gè)人是誰？六、定語從句可以簡化成短語。 定語從句為被動結(jié)構(gòu)，可用過去分詞短語簡化。e.g. I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. I bought a book written by Lu Xun. 我買了一本魯迅寫的書。 若為主

47、動結(jié)構(gòu)，且為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或從句表示經(jīng)常性的動作和狀態(tài)時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在分詞短語簡化。e.g. Tell the children who are playing there not to do that. Tell the children playing there not to do that. The house that stands at the corner was built in 1987. The house standing at the corner was built in 1987. 當(dāng)從句中的謂語動詞表示一個(gè)將要發(fā)生的動作或具有某種情態(tài)意義時(shí)，可簡化為動詞不定式。e.g. W

48、e have nothing that we should fear. We have nothing to fear. 我們沒有什么事情可以害怕。 當(dāng)從句的謂語動詞后是介詞短語時(shí)，可簡化為介詞短語作定語。e.g. The book that is on the table is expensive. The book on the table is expensive.七、關(guān)系副詞when或where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),它們在從句中分別作時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語。e.g. This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. 這是一個(gè)星期前他們吵架

49、的房間。I can never forget the day when I first saw you. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記第一次見到你的日子。注意一、定語從句是復(fù)合句的重要組成部分。在定語從句中不管出現(xiàn)什么情況，主句的結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。試比較：1. Is this farm _ they visited the day before yesterday?2. Is this the farm _ they visited the day before yesterday?A. which B. the one C. where D. what簡析：第1題中主句缺少表語，只有B項(xiàng)才能保持主句的完整性。

50、故選B。第2 題的主句本身已完整，應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞作定語從句中及物動詞visit 的賓語。所以，正確答案是A。二、在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞已經(jīng)代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)了某一成分，因此，定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)與關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞相重疊的成分。例如：改錯(cuò)： Do you remember the book that I lent it to you last week?簡析：該題中的that 指代先行詞book，在定語從句中充當(dāng)了動詞 lend 的邏輯賓語，故 it 應(yīng)該刪除。三、解題時(shí)，首先要結(jié)合選項(xiàng)對題干進(jìn)行整體感知，確定定語從句的位置；根據(jù)定語從句中所缺少的句子成分，分析先行詞邏輯上在定

51、語從句中的成分，繼而選出正確的選項(xiàng)。例如：Can you tell me the name of the factory _ you visited last week?A. what B. where C. / D. when簡析：本題定語從句的主語、謂語、時(shí)間狀語已具備，而visit 是個(gè)及物動詞，從語義上分析，factory 作visit 的賓語。故只能選C (引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略）。四、解答介詞+關(guān)系代詞 類型的定語從句題時(shí)，關(guān)鍵在于分析定語從句中的謂語動詞（該動詞是不及物動詞）習(xí)慣上常與什么介詞搭配使用。這就需要同學(xué)們在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注重某些不及物動詞和介詞慣用的情形，并

52、要靈活運(yùn)用。例如：In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom簡析:本題定語從句中的turn 與介詞 to 構(gòu)成固定短語turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）。所以，D是正確選項(xiàng)。定語從句練習(xí)1.Watch the girl and her dog _ are crossing the bridge.A. which B. who C. they D. that2.Who_know him woul

53、d believe him? A. whom B .that C. which D. who3.Which of the two cows_ you keep produces more milk?A. that B. which C. whom D. what4.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone_ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose5.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. which B. his C. wh

54、ose D. of whose6.The building _ windows are bright at night is our school library.A. that B. which C. whose D. of whose7.I have heard from my father,_ is in America .A. which B. that C. whom D. who8.There is a mountain _ the top is always covered with snow.A. of that B. of which C. its D. that9.I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker.A.who B. that C which D. whom10.On the way I saw a student _ I thought was your brother.A.whom B. who C. that D. he11.I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to s