1、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)就是直接引用別人的話(huà)。間接引語(yǔ)就是用自己的話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話(huà)。間接引語(yǔ)多為賓語(yǔ)從句。1. 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的方法(1) 直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。(that可省略) She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”She said (that) their bus would arrive in five minutes. (2) 直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由 whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。(賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序） He said, “Ca

2、n you swim, John?” He asked John if he could swim. “You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. He asked, “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. She says, “Is Tom an English

3、man?” She asks whether/if Tom is an Englishman.注：主句引述動(dòng)詞是say時(shí)，要改為ask或wonder等。(3) 直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ) 從句。（賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序） She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner. (4) 直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為“tell/ask/order sb.(not) to do sth.” 句型。“Dont make any no

4、ise,” she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” she said. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.2. 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的基本要領(lǐng) 人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞的變化、時(shí)態(tài)的變化、指示代詞、動(dòng)詞的變化及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化等。(1) 人稱(chēng)的變化一般地，直接引語(yǔ)的第一人稱(chēng)隨主句中的主語(yǔ)而改變；第二人稱(chēng)隨主句的賓語(yǔ)而改變；第三人稱(chēng)不用改變，可簡(jiǎn)單記為“一主二賓三不變”

5、。She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” She said her brother wanted to go with her. He said to Kate，How is your sister now? He asked Kate how her sister was then.Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.” Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.(2) 時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)要與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。 當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)

6、，間接引語(yǔ)可按需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。She says,“I will go to Beijing next month” She says she will go to Beijing the next month.He will say,“The boy was lazy.” He will say the boy was lazy.當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)則一般都改成過(guò)去的一種時(shí)態(tài)，其變化見(jiàn)下表：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)He said,“I am sorry.” He said

7、he was sorry.Nina told me,“Lisa is studying abroad.” Nina told me that Lisa was studying abroad. 當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)為轉(zhuǎn)述客觀真理或是表示引述的狀態(tài)和情況到現(xiàn)在仍然是事實(shí)時(shí)，經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.” He said light travels much faster than sound.(3) 指示代詞、動(dòng)詞的變化及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞thisthatthesethose地點(diǎn)

8、狀語(yǔ)herethere動(dòng)詞comegobringtake時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)today that day this morningthat morningtonightthat nightnow then yesterdaythe day beforelast nightthe night beforethe day before yesterday two days beforeagobeforetomorrowthe next/following daynext weekthe next weekThe teacher asked him, “Did you come to school yester

9、day?” The teacher asked him if/whether he had come to school the day before. He said, “I like this book” He said that he liked that book.直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)。1She said: “He will be busy.” 2The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” 3The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” 4M

10、y father said, “Practice makes perfect.” 5He said to me, “I was born in 1978.6He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” 7I said to him, “I have finished it.” 8She said to us,“ Ill come here tomorrow.” 9“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. 10“W

11、ill you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.11She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 12She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 13The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” 14. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.15. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. 16. “D

12、ont tell him the news.” she said.17.We are going to study in Australia next month.” they said.18.Im checking your home work now.” his mother said.各種時(shí)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；I always take a walk after supper。She writes to me very often二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)；We visited the school last spring。I went to school by bike when I was in

13、middle school。三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)；We visited the school last spring。I went to school by bike when I was in middle school。直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall|will+動(dòng)詞原型過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would+動(dòng)詞原型現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：is、am、are+現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：were|was+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have|has+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+過(guò)去分詞1. She said that he would

14、be busy. 2. The teacher told the students not to waste their time. 3. The mother asked Tom to get up early. 4. My father said practice makes perfect. 5. He told me that he was born in 1978. 6. He said he had studied English since he was a boy. 7. I told him I had finished it. 8. She told us she woul

15、d come here the next day. 9. The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound. 10. Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening. 11. She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 12. She asked me whether that book was mine or his. 13. The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 14. He asked me where