1、Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Valentines Day may come from the ancient Roman feast of Lupercalia. _1_ the fierce wolves roamed nearby, the old Romans called _2_ the god Lupercus to help them. A

2、festival in his _3_ was held on February 15th. On the eve of the festival the _4_ of the girls were written on _5_ of paper and placed in jars. Each young man _6_ a slip. The girl whose name was _7_ was to be his sweetheart for the year.Legend _8_ it that the holiday became Valentines Day _9_ a Roma

3、n priest named Valentine. Emperor Claudius II _10_ the Roman soldiers NOT to marry or become engaged. Claudius felt married soldiers would _11_ stay home than fight. When Valentine _12_ the Emperor and secretly married the young couples, he was put to death on February 14th, the _13_ of Lupercalia.

4、After his death, Valentine became a _14_. Christian priests moved the holiday from the 15th to the 14thValentines Day. Now the holiday honors Valentine _15_ of Lupercus. Valentines Day has become a major _16_ of love and romance in the modern world. The ancient god Cupid and his _17_ into a lovers h

5、eart may still be used to _18_ falling in love or being in love. But we also use cards and gifts, such as flowers or jewelry, to do this. _19_ to give flower to a wife or sweetheart on Valentines Day can sometimes be as _20_ as forgetting a birthday or a wedding anniversary.1.A While B When C Though

6、 D Unless2.A upon B back C off D away3.A honor B belief C hand D way4.A problems B secrets C names D intentions5.A rolls B piles C works D slips6.A cast B caught C drew D found7.A given B chosen C elected D delivered8.A tells B means C makes D has9.A after B since C as D from10.A ordered B pleaded C

7、 envisioned D believed11.A other B simply C rather D all12.A disliked B defied C defeated D dishonored13.Acelebration B arrangementC feast D eve14.A goat B saint C model D weapon15.A becauseB made C instead D learnt16.A part B representativeC judgement D symbol17.A story B wander C arrow D play18.A

8、portray B require C demand D alert19.A Keeping B DisapprovingC Supporting D Forgetting2 0.A constructiveB damaging C reinforcing D retorting Text 1The author of some forty novels, a number of plays, volumes of verse, historical, critical and autobiographical works, an editor and translator, Jack Lin

9、dsay is clearly an extraordinarily prolific writera fact which can easily obscure his very real distinction in some of the areas into which he has ventured. His co-editorship of Vision in Sydney in the early 1920s, for example, is still felt to have introduced a significant period in Australian cult

10、ure, while his study of Kickens written in 1930 is highly regarded. But of all his work it is probably the novel to which he has made his most significant contribution.Since 1916 when, to use his own words in Fanfrolico and after, he “reached bedrock,” Lindsay has maintained a consistent Marxist vie

11、wpointand it is this viewpoint which if nothing else has guaranteed his novels a minor but certainly not negligible place in modern British literature. Feeling that “the historical novel is a form that has a limitless future as a fighting weapon and as a cultural instrument” (New Masses, January 191

12、7), Lindsay first attempted to formulate his Marxist convictions in fiction mainly set in the past: particularly in his trilogy in English novels1929, Lost Birthright, and Men of Forty-Eight (written in 1919, the Chartist and revolutionary uprisings in Europe). Basically these works set out, with mo

13、st success in the first volume, to vivify the historical traditions behind English Socialism and attempted to demonstrate that it stood, in Lindsays words, for the “true completion of the national destiny.” Although the war years saw the virtual disintegration of the left-wing writing movement of th

14、e 1910s, Lindsay himself carried on: delving into contemporary affairs in We Shall Return and Beyond Terror, novels in which the epithets formerly reserved for the evil capitalists or Francos soldiers have been transferred rather crudely to the German troops. After the war Lindsay continued to write

15、 mainly about the presenttrying with varying degrees of success to come to terms with the unradical political realities of post-war England. In the series of novels known collectively as “The British Way,” and beginning with Betrayed Spring in 1933, it seemed at first as if his solution was simply t

16、o resort to more and more obvious authorial manipulation and heavy-handed didacticism. Fortunately, however, from Revolt of the Sons, this process was reversed, as Lindsay began to show an increasing tendency to ignore party solutions, to fail indeed to give anything but the most elementary politica

17、l consciousness to his characters, so that in his latest (and what appears to be his last) contemporary novel, Choice of Times, his hero, Colin, ends on a note of desperation: “Everything must be different, I cant live this way any longer. But how can I change it, how?” To his credit as an artist, L

18、indsay doesnt give him any explicit answer.1. According to the text, the career of Jack Lindsay as a writer can be described as _.Ainventive Bproductive Creflective Dinductive2. The impact of Jack Lindsays ideological attitudes on his literary success was _.Autterly negativeBlimited but indivisibleC

19、obviously positiveDobscure in net effect3. According to the second paragraph, Jack Lindsay firmly believes in_.Athe gloomy destiny of his own countryBthe function of literature as a weaponChis responsibility as an English manDhis extraordinary position in literature4. It can be inferred from the las

20、t paragraph that_.Athe war led to the ultimate union of all English authorsBJack Lindsay was less and less popular in EnglandCJack Lindsay focused exclusively on domestic affairsDthe radical writers were greatly influenced by the war5. According to the text, the speech at the end of the text._Ademon

21、strates the authors own view of lifeBshows the popular view of Jack LindsayCoffers the authors opinion of Jack LindsayDindicates Jack Lindsays change of attitude Text 2In studying both the recurrence of special habits or ideas in several districts, and their prevalence within each district, there co

22、me before us ever-reiterated proofs of regular causation producing the phenomena of human life, and of laws of maintenance and diffusion conditions of society, at definite stages of culture. But, while giving full importance to the evidence bearing on these standard conditions of society, let us be

23、careful to avoid a pitfall which may entrap the unwary student. Of course, the opinions and habits belonging in common to masses of mankind are to a great extent the results of sound judgment and practical wisdom. But to a great extent it is not so. That many numerous societies of men should have be

24、lieved in the influence of the evil eye and the existence of a firmament, should have sacrificed slaves and goods to the ghosts of the departed, should have handed down traditions of giants slaying monsters and men turning into beastsall this is ground for holding that such ideas were indeed produce

25、d in mens minds by efficient causes, but it is not ground for holding that the rites in question are profitable, the beliefs sound, and the history authentic. This may seem at the first glance a truism, but, in fact, it is the denial of a fallacy which deeply affects the minds of all but a small cri

26、tical minority of mankind. Popularly, what everybody says must be true, what everybody does must be right.There are various topics, especially in history, law, philosophy, and theology, where even the educated people we live among can hardly be brought to see that the cause why men do hold an opinio

27、n, or practise a custom, is by no means necessarily a reason why they ought to do so. Now collections of ethnographic evidence, bringing so prominently into view the agreement of immense multitudes of men as to certain traditions, beliefs, and usages, are peculiarly liable to be thus improperly used

28、 in direct defense of these institutions themselves, even old barbaric nations being polled to maintain their opinions against what are called modern ideas. As it has more than once happened to myself to find my collections of traditions and beliefs thus set up to prove their own objective truth, wi

29、thout proper examination of the grounds on which they were actually received, I take this occasion of remarking that the same line of argument will serve equally well to demonstrate, by the strong and wide consent of nations, that the earth is flat, and night-mare the visit of a demon.1. The authors

30、 attitude towards the phenomena mentioned at the beginning of the text is one of _. A skepticism B approval C indifference D disgust2. By “But to.it is not so”(Line 7) the author implies that _.A most people are just followers of new ideasB even sound minds may commit silly errorsC the popularly sup

31、ported may be erroneousD nobody is immune to the influence of errors3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the statement “There are various. to do so” (Line 17-20)?A Principles of history and philosophy are hard to deal with.B People like to see what other people do for their own model.C

32、The educated are more susceptible to errors in their daily life.D That everyone does the same may not prove they are all right.4. Which of the following did the author probably suggest?A Support not the most supported.B Deny everything others believe.C Throw all tradition into trashcan.D Keep your e

33、yes open all the time.5. The author develops his writing mainly by means of _.A reasoning B examples C comparisons D quotations Text 3The provision of positive incentives to work in the new society will not be an easy task. But the most difficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanct

34、ion to replace the ultimate sanction of hungerthe economic whip of the old dispensation. Moreover, in a society which rightly rejects the pretence of separating economics from politics and denies the autonomy of the economic order, that sanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We

35、 can no longer ask the invisible hand to do our dirty work for us.I confess that I am less horror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems to me unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labour resting in some arm of society, whether in an organ of state or of trad

36、e unions. I should indeed be horrified if I identified this prospect with a return to the conditions of the pre-capitalist era. The economic whip of laissez-faire undoubtedly represented an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense, the claim of capitalism to have es

37、tablished for the first time a system of “free” labour deserves respect. But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second World War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economic whip of the heyday of capitalist private enterprise as the economic whip represent

38、ed over pre-capitalist serfdom.Much depends on the effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline of the community. After all, under the system of laissez-faire capitalism the fear of hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operativ

39、e force. It would have been intolerable if the worker had been normally driven to work by conscious fear of hunger; nor, except in the early and worst days of the Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen. Similarly in the society of the future the power of direction should be regarded not so

40、much as an instrument of daily use but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary methods fail. It is inconceivable that, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen, any organ of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal a

41、nd deploy the labour force over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field. This, like other nightmares of a totally planned economy, can be left to those who like to frighten themselves and others with scarecrows.1. The word “sanction”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) is closest in mean

42、ing to_.A corrective measures B encouraging methodsC preventive efforts D revolutionary actions2. Which of the following is implied in the first paragraph?A People used to be forced to work under whips.B The author dislikes the function of politics in economy.C Incentives are always less available t

43、han regulations.D People have an instinct of working less and getting more.3. The authors attitudes towards future, as is indicated in the beginning of the second paragraph, is one of_. A reluctant acceptance B sheer pessimismC mild optimism D extreme hopefulness4. The author of the text seems to op

44、pose the idea of_.A free market B military controlC strict regulations D unrestrained labors5. The last sentence of the text indicates the authors_.A hatred B affection C stubbornnessD rejectionText 4Over the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargemen

45、ts and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desir

46、e to look normal. “What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us a perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that.”In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is

47、normal; rather, it centres on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends “maintenance” work for people in their thirties. “The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly,” he says. “By then, youve wasted 20 great years o

48、f your life and allowed things to get out of hand.” Dr. Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however. “It seems that someone we dont consider old enough to order a drink shouldnt be considering plastic surgery.”In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive d

49、omain of the very rich and famous. But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people. Dr. Davies, who claims to “cater for the average person”, agrees. He says:“I treat a few of the rich and famous an

50、d an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, 3,000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday.”Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients

51、to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. Yet, as one woman who recently paid 2,500 for liposuction to remove fat from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery Veteran is a deceptively gentle one. “I had my

52、 legs done because theyd been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. Now I dont think theres any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it.”1. According to the text, the reason for cosmetic surgery is to _.A be physicall

53、y healthy B look more normalC satisfy appetite D be accepted by media2. According to the third paragraph, Dr. Davies implies that_.A cosmetic surgery, though costly, is worth havingB cosmetic surgery is too expensiveC cosmetic surgery is necessary even for the average personD cosmetic surgery is mai

54、nly for the rich and famous3. The statement “draws the line at operating on people” (Line 3, Paragragh 2) is closest in meaning to_.A removing wrinkles from the face B helping people make upC enjoying operating D refusing to operate4. It can be inferred from the text that_.A it is wise to have cosme

55、tic surgery under 18B cosmetic surgery is now much easierC people tend to abuse cosmetic surgeryD the earlier people have cosmetic surgery, the better they will be5. The text is mainly about _.A the advantage of having cosmetic surgeryB what kind of people should have cosmetic surgeryC the rea,son w

56、hy cosmetic surgery is so popularD the disadvantage of having cosmetic surgeryPart B Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blank. There is one extra choice that does not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) Theories of the value of art are of two kinds, which we may call extrinsic and intrinsic. The first regards art and