1、2015職稱英語理工B真題及答案考試時(shí)間:上午9:00-11:00，120分鐘。職稱外語考試各級(jí)別、專業(yè)的試題全部為客觀題，在答題卡上作答?？忌鷳?yīng)考時(shí)，可攜帶一本正式出版的通用外語詞典（不得攜帶電子詞典以及專門為職稱外語考試編寫的詞典）、2B鉛筆、橡皮、黑色墨水筆。 第一部分 詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1-15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensi

2、ble2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A. limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. Shes extr

3、emely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B. handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three year

4、s in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious 10. These products are inferior to those we brought last year. A. poorer than B. narrower than C. larger than D. richer than 11. The

5、political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. A. improved B. changed C. worsened D. developed12. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A. coexisting B. fair C. full D. pubic 13. Theyre petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. A

6、. requesting B. planning C. preparing D. looking 14. He said some harsh words about his brother. A. unkind B. proper C. normal D. unclear 15. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A. amount B. supply C.sum D. temp 第二部分 閱讀判斷（第16-22題，每題1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；

7、如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。ADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChildren have an increased of attention problems, seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled（吸入）a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. Thats the finding of a new study. Released when things arent burned co

8、mpletely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs： the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash. Frederica Perera works at Columbia Universitys Mailman School of Public Health is New York City. She researches how exposure to things in th

9、e environment affects childrens health in a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew（排放）PAHs into the air and lungs, Pereras team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe（探查）oth

10、er sources of PAHs, ones thats would have been hard for an individual to avoid. The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason Any PAHs in a womans blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attenti

11、on problems in those children, now age 9.They asked each childs mother a series of questions. These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained（長(zhǎng)期的）mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instr

12、uctions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD. Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her

13、team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Ohters had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9.The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE. 16. Perera and her team chose

14、nonsmoking pregnant women all over America. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects physical health. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect o

15、f smoking on PAHs was unclear. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20.Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21.The women with high levels of PAHs in their bloo

16、d were more likely to have kids with ADHD. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22.Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第三部分 概括大意與完成句子（第23-30題，每題1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23-26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段

17、選擇1個(gè)小標(biāo)題；（2）第27-30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。First Image-recognitions software1）Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before. 2）The new system, witch was teste

18、d on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm（運(yùn)算法則）for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficienti enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel（像素）data in images and potentially videorather t

19、han just textto locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned（收集）from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions（圖片說明），making for more accurate do

20、cument search results. 3）Over the last 30 years, says Associate Professor Korenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, the web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia datastet, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures of vi

21、deos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately get the gist（主旨）of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, sruprisingly, all existing popular search engine, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Wed pages to perform the d

22、ocument retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search 4）The researchers designed and tested a machine vision systema type of artificial intel

23、ligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmedthat extracts semantic（語義的）information from pixels of photos in Web pages. This informationg is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approa

24、ch using more than 600 search queries（查詢）on a database of 50 million Wed pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found tht thi

25、s produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text. 23. Paragraph 1 _ 24. Paragraph 2 _ 25. Paragraph 3 _ 26. Paragraph 4 _ A. Popularity of the new system B. Publication of the new discovery C. Function of the new system D. Artificial intelligence

26、software created E. Problems of the existing search engines F. Improvementi in document retrieval 27. The new system does document retrieval by _. 28. The new system is expected to improve precision in _. 29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore _. 30. The new system

27、 was found more effective in document search than the _. A. information in images B. current popular search engines C. using photos D. machine vision systems E. document search F. description of the HTML page 第四部分 閱讀理解（第31-45題，每題3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第1篇 Why Buy Shade-Grown

28、Coffee? When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too. Tra

29、ditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（樹冠）of taller indigenous（土生土長(zhǎng)的）trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there arent any trees. With

30、 increased production come increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages

31、 the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water

32、 that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as shade grown and bird friendly.Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying

33、 for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think its worth it. 31.What is the main idea of this passage? A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee. B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce. C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee. D. People

34、 should buy shade-grown coffee. 32. The function of the word Traditionallyin Paragraph 2 is to show_. A. the positive effects of coffee. B. a change of coffee growth. C. something that is the most important. D. how coffee production used to be. 33. What does increased production of full-sun coffee b

35、ring about? A. More insects. B. Better quality coffee. C. Larger farms. D. Higher profits. 34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee? A. They buy more land from other farmers. B. They cut down trees. C. They move to another country. D. They turn grassland into farmland. 35. The f

36、ull-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_. A. insects. B. air. C. brids. D. humans. 第2篇 More Rural Research is Needed Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year but wi

37、th modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead. The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition（營養(yǎng)不良）and poverty. he said. Research is needed t

38、o solve food production, land degradation（貧瘠化）and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which is turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the worlds ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the worlds population is expected to ris

39、e from 5 X to X billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but therell still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020,similar to the currenti pattern. If there is any change, a sligh

40、e improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia. The debeloping world was investing about 0.5%,or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product（GDP）on research and developed worl

41、d was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries. He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs（有用的副產(chǎn)品）for Mexico, China or India. Technologies still need to be refined for the

42、 local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently.Dr. Fischer said. Yields of rice, wheat ad maize（玉米）have grown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from

43、2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995.But technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted.If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, youre going to have to increase yield.Dr. Fi

44、scher said.36.What is the passage mainly about? A. Shortage of food supplies. B. Development of agricultural technologies. C. Impact of agricultural research. D. Expectation of population growth. 37. Which of the following statements is true about the worlds agricultural research funding? A. It is i

45、ncreasing among developed countries. B. It is decreasing worldwide. C. Less is demanded from developing countries. D. Most of it is spent very efficiently. 38. What is the picture of Asias food supplies in the first 25 years? A. Food shortage will not be a problem. B. There will be more hungry peopl

46、e in southern Asia. C. Population growth will result in more hungry people. D. There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia. 39. What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies? A. They are costly. B. They have to be improved to meet local needs. C. Their application is limited. D. They have to be ap

47、plied locally. 40. It can be infered from the last paragraph that_. A. there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities. B. crop production is growing faster in developing countries. C. maize production reached its peak in the 1990s. D. technologies improving maize production have b

48、een well developed. 第3篇 Dangers await babies with altitude Women who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies,a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes. Research has hinted that newborns in mountain co

49、mmunities are lighter than average.But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourishedmany people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down. To find out more,Dino Giussani and his tea

50、m at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities： La Paz and Santa Cruz.L Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3.65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0.44 kilometer

51、s. Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.We

52、 were very surprised by this result，says Giussani. The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child，says Giussani. His team also found that high-altitude babies t

53、ended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body. Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz m

54、ight be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary（冠狀的） heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life. 41.What does the new study discover? A. Babies b

55、orn to wealthy families are heaver. B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies. C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average. D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life. 42. Giussani and his team are sure that _. A.babies born in Lance Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz. B.people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies. C.the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is Santa Cruz. D.mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished. 43. It can be inferred