1、漢譯英練習(xí)及參考答案(15)我們整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，能源、交通是重點(diǎn)，農(nóng)業(yè)也是重點(diǎn)。農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展一靠政策，二靠科學(xué)?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和作用是無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的。(15) Our strategy for developing the economy as a whole gives priority to energy, communication and agriculture. Agricultural development depends first on policy and second on science. There are no limits to the development of

2、 science and technology or to the effect they can have.（25）經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境有著潛在的威脅，對(duì)此人們已經(jīng)有了進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)。目前在一些國(guó)家已經(jīng)有了一些組織，負(fù)責(zé)督促政府、企業(yè)甚至個(gè)人，無(wú)論干什么首先要有環(huán)境意識(shí)?，F(xiàn)在人們已經(jīng)不再把環(huán)境保護(hù)看成是可做可不做的事情了。(25) There has been considerable progress in recognizing the potential threats to the environment that economic activity poses. Nowadays, the

3、re are already some environmental groups ensuring that governments, firms and even individuals rarely act without considering the environmental consequences of their actions. Environmental issues are now no longer considered marginal.（27）在這個(gè)國(guó)家的歷史上，教育從來(lái)沒(méi)有像現(xiàn)在這樣對(duì)我們?nèi)绱酥匾哪茉次C(jī)到環(huán)境污染，從生活水平的提高到空間探索，即將到來(lái)的21世

4、紀(jì)充滿了種種挑戰(zhàn)。要戰(zhàn)勝那些挑戰(zhàn)，不論怎樣，在很大程度上取決于教育的質(zhì)量。(27) Never in the nations history has its education been so important as now. From energy crises to air pollution, and from the improvement of the standard of living to space exploration, the approaching world of the 21st century is full of challenges whose resol

5、ution, for better or worse, will depend largely on the quality of education.（28）中國(guó)的環(huán)境教育起步較晚，它是隨著中國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)事業(yè)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展起來(lái)的。中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，但與工業(yè)化國(guó)家一樣面臨著較大范圍，較大規(guī)模的經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)活動(dòng)，同時(shí)人口壓力較大，環(huán)境保護(hù)和生態(tài)平衡問(wèn)題引起了政府、人民以及科技與教育工作者的極大關(guān)注。(28) Chinas environmental education started only quite recently and it has been growing in conformity

6、with the development of Chinas environmental protection. As a developing country, China is engaged in economic activities on a scale as large as that in the industrialized countries. Meanwhile, it is also experiencing the pressure of a huge population. The issue of environmental protection and balan

7、ced ecology has aroused great concern from the government, the ordinary people and the people in the fields of technology and education.（30）在我們的社會(huì)里，一個(gè)人的成功還是以他的收入來(lái)衡量的。人們要求增加收入，就像希望較高的收入能帶來(lái)舒適的生活一樣，實(shí)則是希望獲得成功。因此，不管工作如何枯燥乏味，只要能出人頭地，他是能夠忍受下去的。(30) In our society, success is still measured by income. And t

8、he desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for a comfortable life, which a higher income can bring. No matter how dull the work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation.（31）為了接待每年數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的外國(guó)游客，我國(guó)旅游部門正在想方設(shè)法改善旅游住宿設(shè)施。許多地區(qū)正在開(kāi)發(fā)新的旅

9、游中心，興建更多的現(xiàn)代化賓館，培訓(xùn)更多的外語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游，以適應(yīng)日益發(fā)展的旅游業(yè)的需要。(31) To receive millions of foreign visitors annually, Chinas tourism departments are trying every possible means to improve accommodation for tourists. In many places, new tourist centers are being exploited, more and more modern hotels are being set up and f

10、oreign-language-speaking tourist guides being trained so as to suit the growing demands of tourism industry.（32）我們的國(guó)家要走向現(xiàn)代化，最大的障礙并不是資源問(wèn)題，也不是資金問(wèn)題，更不是技術(shù)問(wèn)題，而是十幾億人口的素質(zhì)問(wèn)題。資金可以積累，技術(shù)可以創(chuàng)造，也可以引進(jìn)，但是十幾億人口的素質(zhì)是無(wú)法引進(jìn)的，這必須靠我們?nèi)ヌ岣摺?32) If our country is to achieve modernization, the biggest obstacle is not the shorta

11、ge of natural resources, nor the lack of funds, still less the problem of technology, but rather the quality of the more than one billion people, for funds can be accumulated, technology can be created or imported, but the overall quality of the huge population, which cannot be imported, must only b

12、e improved by ourselves.（33）振興科技和繁榮經(jīng)濟(jì)，必須堅(jiān)持教育為本。重點(diǎn)是普及義務(wù)教育，積極發(fā)展職業(yè)教育和成人教育，適度發(fā)展高等教育，優(yōu)化教育結(jié)構(gòu)，逐步形成政府辦學(xué)為主與社會(huì)各界參與辦學(xué)相結(jié)合的新體制。(33) The vitality of science and technology and the prosperity of economy must be based on education. The educational system should be improved in a way that compulsory education is popu

13、larized, vocational and adult education vigorously strengthened, higher education moderately developed and educational structure strongly optimized so that a new educational system can be gradually shaped in which education is mainly run by the government with the help of various circle.（34）改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，我

14、國(guó)個(gè)人收入分配的平均主義逐步被打破，個(gè)人收入差距也在逐漸拉開(kāi)。其中，向合理拉開(kāi)距離的方向發(fā)展是主流。但與此同時(shí)，一些不合理的因素也在發(fā)展。當(dāng)前比較突出的是，不同行業(yè)之間，不同社會(huì)群體之間個(gè)人收入的差距在明顯拉大，對(duì)這些問(wèn)題要予以高度重視。(34) Since the implementation of the reform and the opening-up policy, Chinas equalitarianism in personal income has been gradually losing ground with increased disparity in the inc

15、ome of individuals. Though the event is growing towards a proportionate trend, a number of disproportionate factors are also developing, the most striking one being the ever-enlarging disparity in personal income between different occupations and social groups. And this should receive our due attent

16、ion.（35）要讓我們的國(guó)產(chǎn)名牌為世界盡可能多的消費(fèi)者認(rèn)可，廣告創(chuàng)作就必須使用國(guó)際共通的語(yǔ)言，而不能局限在自己的傳統(tǒng)文化和傳統(tǒng)手法之內(nèi)。優(yōu)秀的廣告會(huì)跨越語(yǔ)言文字的障礙，而優(yōu)秀的創(chuàng)意就是國(guó)際語(yǔ)言。(35) To make our native-made brands recognized by as many consumers as possible, instead of being confined to our traditional culture and techniques, we should advertise our goals in a way that is under

17、stood to the universal community. Brilliantly made advertisement can surmount the barrier of language while brilliant creation itself is universal language.1 他是我所認(rèn)識(shí)的人中唯一肯指出我對(duì)錯(cuò)誤并幫助我改正的人。He is the only person I know who will point out my mistakes and help me correct them.2 科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)做了無(wú)數(shù)次實(shí)驗(yàn)表明， 在改進(jìn)人的行為方面，表

18、揚(yáng)比批評(píng)有效得多。Scientists have done countless experiments to show that praise is far more effective than criticism in improving human behavior.3 他們就更加嚴(yán)厲地懲處犯罪分子地必要性取得了一致的意見(jiàn)，但談到是否應(yīng)該恢復(fù)死刑時(shí)卻出現(xiàn)了意見(jiàn)分歧。They agreed on the necessity of punishing criminals more severely, but when it came to whether the death penalty

19、should be brought back, differences of opinion occurred.4 眾所周知，我們的許多問(wèn)題至少部分地是由于沒(méi)能交流思想而引起的。It is well known that many of our problems are caused in part by failure to communicate.5 如果讓我來(lái)決定我們是要一個(gè)沒(méi)有自行車地城市呢，還是要一個(gè)沒(méi)有汽車的城市，我會(huì)毫不猶豫地選擇后者。If it were left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bik

20、es or a city without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.6 你不必再去多想判斷上的那些失誤，重要的是盡量避免再犯。There is no need for you to dwell on those mistakes in judgment any more. What is important is to try your best to avoid making them once again.Unit One1 當(dāng)今的大學(xué)生，盡管他們努力地想使自己成才，但對(duì)未來(lái)還是很模糊。(establ

21、ish oneself)Todays university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.4 在對(duì)一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的問(wèn)題作結(jié)論時(shí)，如果只相信所謂的專家而不相信自己，不根據(jù)調(diào)查的結(jié)果，不根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)，那是在冒險(xiǎn)。(run the risk of ;blind faith in)We run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we

22、 know, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the basis of blind faith in professed experts10有人認(rèn)為考試是很重要的，但也有人認(rèn)為考試有不少弊端。所以考試留下了一個(gè)未能解決的問(wèn)題考試對(duì)教育有什么影響？(open question)Some people think examinations are second to none, but some think examinations have a lot of disadvantages. Ex

23、aminations leave us an open essential questionwhat influence do examinations exert on education.Unit Two1 他不但是位出色的銀行家和公認(rèn)的貿(mào)易專家，而且還是位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的企業(yè)主管。（not to mention）He is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert, not to mention an excellent managing director.2 由于經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣，房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人正處于或降低房?jī)r(jià)或減少銷售量的兩難境地

24、。(dilemma)Because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma of whether to lower prices or let sales fall off.Unit Three1 汽車輪子給我們帶來(lái)了更好、更為便利地交通時(shí)，它也應(yīng)該對(duì)諸如空氣污染、交通事故、交通擁擠之類的許多問(wèn)題負(fù)責(zé)。(be guilty for)While wheels have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are

25、guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.2 美國(guó)人對(duì)汽車的熱愛(ài)以及他們較大的工作流動(dòng)性是出了名的。(be noted for)Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.Unit Four1 一個(gè)婦女所獲得的教育程度越高，就越有可能走出小家庭這個(gè)環(huán)境，到社會(huì)上去實(shí)現(xiàn)自我。(be likely to; realize oneself)The higher a womans edu

26、cational attainment, the more likely she is to go out of the private setting of the nuclear family and to realize herself in the community.2 在一些國(guó)家的敦促下，聯(lián)合國(guó)對(duì)該過(guò)施加壓力，迫使其放棄研制和使用核武器。(pressure sb to do)Urged by some other countries, the United Nations has pressured the country to give up developing and usi

27、ng nuclear weapons.10不少大學(xué)生更關(guān)心怎樣在畢業(yè)后謀得一份報(bào)酬優(yōu)厚得工作，怎樣在這個(gè)充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)得社會(huì)里迅速得到提升。(be concerned with)Many college students are far more concerned with how to get a highly-paid job on graduation and how to receive a quick promotion in the competitive society.Unit Five1 一個(gè)有工作的婦女既要照顧她的孩子和老人，又要設(shè)法保住這份工作，是一件非常困難的事。(hold

28、 down )It is a demanding task for a working woman to look after her parents and her children while holding down a job.Unit Six1 大多數(shù)自然資源保護(hù)主義者認(rèn)為，在良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境中人類最易興旺發(fā)達(dá)，而各種野生動(dòng)物的生存則是這種良好生態(tài)環(huán)境的標(biāo)志。(conservationist; survival)Most conservationists believe that humans thrive best in ecological health and that the

29、sign of this health is the survival of a diversity of wild animals.10人與野生動(dòng)物之間的差別之一就在于，前者能就他們改變自然的種類及規(guī)模作出明智的選擇。（as to）One of the differences between humans and wild animals is that/lies in that former can make a wise choice as to the kind and scale of the change they make to nature.Unit Seven1 進(jìn)到報(bào)負(fù)，人

30、們往往把它與地位、名譽(yù)和權(quán)利連在一起，因此，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)許多人不愿意談?wù)撟约旱膲?mèng)想。(identify with)Ambition is always identified with rank, fame and power. Therefore many people have been unwilling to talk about their dreams for s long time.2 野心常被認(rèn)為是帶有貶義的。這是因?yàn)橛行┮恍淖非笞约豪娴娜瞬粨袷侄蔚匾_(dá)到目的，損害了他人。(commensurate with; single-minded)Ambition is often reg

31、arded as being commensurate with bad sense because the single-minded have tried to achieve their goals by fair means or foul and often harm others.9不難現(xiàn)象， 沒(méi)有理想與報(bào)負(fù)的世界會(huì)是怎樣的。這只會(huì)是一個(gè)沒(méi)有進(jìn)步、令人厭煩的社會(huì)。(shorn of)It is not difficult to imagine a world shorn of ambition. It would probably be a world with no progre

32、ss and no development. And, of course, it would be a tedious world.Unit Eight1 所謂理想的好人實(shí)際上并不一定對(duì)社會(huì)有益；人們對(duì)好人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一直有不同的看法。So-called ideally good men, in fact, are not always of benefit to society and the standards of goodness have long been argued.4流言蜚語(yǔ)可以毀掉一個(gè)真正的好人，而吹捧則能把壞人說(shuō)成好人。(scandal; genuinely)Scandals

33、 can defame a genuinely good man, while flattery can make an evil man a good man.Unit Nine1 以信息為基礎(chǔ)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)將會(huì)給社會(huì)帶來(lái)深刻的變化。這種變化會(huì)有利于人類的生存還是使人類陷入困境？也許人們要討論很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。(chaotic)The information-based network economy will bring about profound changes society. whether this change could benefit human beings or involve them in a chaotic situation needs our discussion.2 沒(méi)有主動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造力的人，只能適應(yīng)于傳統(tǒng)的工作方式。固有的工作模式一旦改變，他們就會(huì)感到不知所措。(fit into)Those lacking in initiative and creativity can only fit into the traditional mode of work. Once the old mode is changed, they will be at a