1、專題08 虛擬語(yǔ)氣與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣，在情景交際和虛擬語(yǔ)氣中得到廣泛使用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞為中學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試大綱要求內(nèi)容，并且是高考內(nèi)容中的難點(diǎn)之一。其主要考點(diǎn)主要集中在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本意義及“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。 熱點(diǎn)題型一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法 例1、2017北京卷 Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.Amust Bshould C can Dneed【答案】C【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。can表示能力，意為“能夠” 。故答案為C。句意：

2、塞繆爾我們班個(gè)子最高的男孩能夠輕松地夠到架子頂層上的書?！咀兪教骄俊緾ant you stay a little longer? Its getting late.I really _ go now.My daughter is home alone. Amay Bcan Cmust Ddare 答案：C【提分秘籍】 1can和could的用法 (1)表示“能力”。 (2)表示理論上的可能性，“有時(shí)候可能會(huì)”，用于肯定 句中。 (3)表示禮貌地請(qǐng)求，意為“能，可以”。could可代替can,表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣。 (4)cannot.too/enough表示“無(wú)論也不過(guò)分”；“越越好”。 No on

3、e can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.在打籃球方面，無(wú)人能與姚明相媲美。 It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes. 我的家鄉(xiāng)三月份通常很暖和，但有時(shí)候也會(huì)相當(dāng)冷。 You cant be too careful while driving. 開車時(shí)越小心越好。 Could I use your bike tomorrow? 明天我可以用一下你的自行車嗎？ Yes，you can./No，Im afraid n

4、ot. 是的，你可以。/不，恐怕不行。 2may和might的用法 (1)表示允許、許可、請(qǐng)求，might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉。 當(dāng)may用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，其否定回答：No，.mustnt。 (2)may as well動(dòng)詞原形“最好；倒不如”。 May I take this book out of the reading room? 我可以把書拿出閱覽室嗎？ No，you mustnt.You read it in here. xkw不，絕不可以。你在這兒讀。 If you think the price of beef is too high，you may as well buy some

5、 pork.It depends on you.如果你認(rèn)為牛肉太貴的話，你不妨買些豬肉。這由你自己決定。 3must的用法 (1)表示必要性，意為“必須”。當(dāng)must用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，其否定回答為：No，.neednt/dont have to。 (2)表示偏執(zhí)，固執(zhí)，意為“非得，偏要”。 Must you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone？你一定要現(xiàn)在插話嗎？難道你沒有看到 我 正 在打電話嗎？ Sorry sir，but its urgent. 抱歉，先生。但事情緊急。 You mustnt park here！Its an emergen

6、cy exit. 你不可以在這兒停車！這是緊急出口處。 Must I give up smoking？我必須戒煙嗎？ Yes，you must./No，you neednt. 是的，你必須。/不，你不必。 4shall的用法 (1)用于第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。 (2)用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人 給對(duì) 方 的 命令、警告、允諾或威脅。 Will you read me a story，Mummy? 媽媽，給我講個(gè)故事好嗎？ OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.好的，

7、如果你盡快上床睡覺我就給你講一個(gè)。 What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow，sir？先生，我明天什么時(shí)候到你家接你？ I havent decided on the time.But I will call you. 我還沒有決定時(shí)間，但是我會(huì)給你打電話的。 5should 的用法 (1)表示勸告和建議，意為“應(yīng)該”。 (2)表示推測(cè)、可能性、預(yù)期，意為“應(yīng)該；可能”。 (3)用于表示感情或意志等的that從句中，意為“竟然；居然”。 There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing

8、the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.既然你在 駕校訓(xùn)練了那么多，通過(guò)路考應(yīng)該沒有什么困難。 I should go and visit him this afternoon，but I wonder if I will be free. 今天下午我應(yīng)該去看望他，但是我不知道我是否有空。 It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平，這件事竟然發(fā)生在我身上。 6will和would的用法 (1)表示意志或意愿。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過(guò)去

9、。 (2)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,意為“總是”,will指現(xiàn)在,would指過(guò)去. (3)表示功能，意為“能，行”。 The door wouldnt open，no matter how hard she pushed. 無(wú)論她怎么努力去推，這扇門就是打不開。 Days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but wouldnt say where he was.幾天后，我哥哥打電話說(shuō)他一切都好，但不愿意說(shuō)他在哪兒。 Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早晨，他總是沿著

10、這條小河散步。 【舉一反三】 It was so noisy that we _ hear ourselves speak. Acouldnt Bshouldnt Cmustnt Dneednt 解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。句意：這里如此吵鬧以至 于我們聽不見自己講話。 couldnt不能；shouldnt 不應(yīng)該;mustnt不準(zhǔn)； neednt 沒有必要。由語(yǔ)境可知，此 處 表 示 “我們不能聽見自己講話”，因此選A項(xiàng)。 答案：A熱點(diǎn)題型二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè) 例2、You _ feel all the training a waste of time，but Im a hundred p

11、ercent sure later youll be grateful you did it. Ashould Bneed Cshall Dmay 答案：D【提分秘籍】 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 用法 must 只能用于肯定句中，意為“一定，必定”。 can/could 用于疑問(wèn)句中，意為“可能”；用于否定句中,意為“不可能”，語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)烈。 may/might 用于肯定句表示不十分肯定的推測(cè)，意為“有可能”；用于否定句中意為“可能不”，表示一種不太確定的語(yǔ)氣。 You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain. 你不需要帶傘，不會(huì)下雨的。 Well，I don

12、t know.It might do. 哦，我不知道，或許會(huì)下雨。 It cant be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock. 門口不可能是郵遞員，(現(xiàn)在)才六點(diǎn)鐘。 You must be hungry after the long walk. 走了這么遠(yuǎn)，你一定餓了。 Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can/could it be that he was late for the meeting? 布什先生做什么事情都很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。他怎么可能開會(huì)遲到呢？ 【方法技巧】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)三步判斷：(1)首

13、先看是肯定句、否定句還是疑問(wèn)句?？隙ň渲幸话阌胢ust/may/might；否定句和疑問(wèn)句中一般用can/could。(2)然后看是對(duì)什么時(shí)間的推測(cè)；表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞do”，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)用 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”。(3)最后看句子語(yǔ)氣的肯定程度,must(十分肯定)may(不太肯定)could/might(可能性較小)。 【舉一反三】 You _ be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years. Amust Bcan Cwill Dshall 答案：A熱點(diǎn)題型三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done例3I _ hav

14、e worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me. x/kwAmightnt Bmustnt Cneednt Dcouldnt 解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：來(lái)新學(xué)校之前我本沒 有必要擔(dān)心，我這里的同班同學(xué)對(duì)我很友好。此處表示沒有 必要，故用neednt。neednt have done本沒必要做。mightnt have done可能沒做過(guò)；沒有mustnt have done這一用法； couldnt have done不可能做過(guò)。 答案：C【提分秘籍】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

15、have done 用法 must have done 過(guò)去一定做過(guò)(肯定句) can/could have done 過(guò)去不可能做過(guò)(否定句) 過(guò)去可能做過(guò)嗎？(疑問(wèn)句) could have done 本來(lái)能夠做但卻未做(肯定句) may/might have done 過(guò)去可能做過(guò)(肯定句) 過(guò)去可能沒有做過(guò)(否定句) should/ought to have done 本來(lái)應(yīng)該做但是實(shí)際上未做(肯定句) 本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上做了(否定句) neednt have done 沒必要做而做了 My book，The House of Hales，is missing.Who could h

16、ave taken it? 我的書哈迪斯之屋不見了。會(huì)是誰(shuí)把它拿走了呢？ We could have faced the difficulty together，but why didnt you tell me? 我們本來(lái)能夠一起面對(duì)困難的，但是你為什么不告訴我呢？ Mark neednt have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.馬克本沒有必要那么匆忙。 他以最快速度開車，結(jié)果早到了半個(gè)小時(shí)。 I cant find him anywhere.Where can he have gone? 任

17、何地方都找不到他。他可能去哪里了？ Its no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家沒用。他可能沒有回家，可能已經(jīng)去了別的地方。 【舉一反三】 Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again. Oh，its too bad.You _ have made full preparations. Amust Bcan Cwould Dshould 解析：考查“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”的用法。句意:“對(duì)不起，媽媽！我工作面試

18、又失敗了?！薄芭?，太糟糕了。你本應(yīng)該做充足的準(zhǔn)備?！眒ust have done一定已經(jīng)做了，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的肯定推測(cè)；can/would have done可能已經(jīng)做了；should have done本應(yīng)該做(實(shí)際并未做)。根據(jù)句意可知should符合語(yǔ)境，故答案為D項(xiàng)。 答案：D熱點(diǎn)題型四 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用 例4、 If I _ it with my own eyes，I wouldnt have believed it. Adidnt see Bwerent seeing Cwouldnt see Dhadnt seen 答案：D 【提分秘籍】與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去時(shí)(

19、be用were) 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/mightdo 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：had過(guò)去分詞 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/mighthave done 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去時(shí)/wereto do/shoulddo 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/mightdo if引導(dǎo)的條件從句的倒裝 如果在表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件句中含有were,had或should，可將if省略，然后將were，had或should移至主語(yǔ)之前。 混合條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 有時(shí)條件句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)

20、它們表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。 含蓄虛擬結(jié)構(gòu) 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示，而是由otherwise，but，or，without，but for等來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious. 如果我當(dāng)時(shí)認(rèn)為你是認(rèn)真的，我就不會(huì)笑了。 Sorry，I am too busy now.If I had time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.很抱歉，我現(xiàn)在非常忙。若我有時(shí) 間，我將一定與你外出郊游。 Grace doesnt want to move to

21、 New York because she thinks if she were to live there，she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. Grace不想搬到紐約，因?yàn)樗肴绻亲∧抢?，她將不?能經(jīng)常地見到她的父母。 【舉一反三】 It is lucky we booked a room，or we _ nowhere to stay now. Ahad Bhad had Cwould have Dwould have had 答案：C熱點(diǎn)題型五 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中的應(yīng)用 例5、2017北京卷 If the new

22、safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened. Ahad been put Bwere put Cshould be put Dwould be put【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句意可知是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，從句用had done形式， 故答案選 A。句意：如果新的安全系統(tǒng)已投入使用的話， 這次事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了?！咎岱置丶款悇e 用法 名詞性從句 表示要求，命令，建議，請(qǐng)求等意義的詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，以及與這些詞有關(guān)的表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。常見的動(dòng)詞:suggest，a

23、dvise，order，require，demand，propose,command，request，insist，recommend，以及這些詞的名詞形式。注意：當(dāng)suggest作“暗示，表明”,insist作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和should/would動(dòng)詞原形，它們分別表示與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去和將來(lái)情況相反。 其他句型中It is (high)time(that).句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should動(dòng)詞原形。 would rather所接的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬)或者過(guò)去完成時(shí)(對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬)。 if o

24、nly后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛 擬)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)(對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬)與過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(對(duì)將來(lái)虛擬)，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望。 as if/as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)(與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反)、could/might/would動(dòng)詞原形(與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反)。 My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend. 我的母親建議我們這個(gè)周末出去吃飯，換換口味。 Where are the children? The dinners going to be comple

25、tely ruined. 孩子們?cè)谀睦?？再這么等下去，這頓飯就吃不好了。 I wish they werent always late. 我希望他們不要老是吃飯不準(zhǔn)時(shí)。 The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and should be set free at once. 這個(gè)年輕人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他沒有做錯(cuò)，應(yīng)該馬上被釋放。 Look at the trouble we are in.If only we had taken our teachers advice！看看我們所處的困境，要是我們當(dāng)初聽從老師的建議該多好！ 【舉一反三】 Dont

26、 handle the vase as if it _ made of steel. Ais Bwere Chas been Dhad been 解析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：不要這么拿著這個(gè)花瓶，就好像它是用鋼制成的似的。as if表示“似乎，好像”，引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，再結(jié)合主句的時(shí)態(tài)可知是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)were。 答案：B 12017北京卷 Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.Amust Bshould C can Dneed22017北京卷

27、If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened. Ahad been put Bwere put Cshould be put Dwould be put【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句意可知是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，從句用had done形式， 故答案選 A。句意：如果新的安全系統(tǒng)已投入使用的話， 這次事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。32017江蘇卷 _not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficu

28、lty.AIt were BWere it CIt was DWas it【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的省略。虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，be動(dòng)詞統(tǒng)一用were；虛擬語(yǔ)氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時(shí)把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I.，故選B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該生是無(wú)法克服她自己的困難的。4 2017天津卷 My room is a mess, but I _clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.Adarent Bshouldnt Cneednt Dmustnt【答案

29、】C【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“I can do it in the morning.”可知現(xiàn)在沒必要打掃房間。故選C項(xiàng)。neednt不必；darent不敢；shouldnt不應(yīng)該；mustnt不準(zhǔn)，禁止。句意：我的房間很亂，不過(guò)今晚在我出去之前，我沒必要打掃它。我可以在(明天)早晨打掃。5 2017天津卷 Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I _ able to reach her yesterday.Ahadnt been Bwouldnt have been Cwerent Dwouldnt be【2016江蘇】27.If i

30、tfor his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A. had not beenB.should not beC.were not to be D.should not have been【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。本句屬于錯(cuò)綜條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，所以使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，所以使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”。句意：如果不是因?yàn)榍皫滋焖难?qǐng)，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在這里了。故A正確?！究键c(diǎn)】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣【2016天津】5. It was really annoying; I _ get ac

31、cess to the data bank you had recommended. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】B【解析】句意：這真是令人生氣的；我不能進(jìn)入你推薦的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。wouldnt不愿意；couldnt不能；shouldnt不應(yīng)該；neednt不必。故選B?！究键c(diǎn)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。【2016浙江】17. George _ too far . His coffee is still warm A. must have gone B. might have gone C. cant have gone D. neednt ha

32、ve gone【答案】C【解析】喬治不可能走得太遠(yuǎn)了。他的咖啡仍然是溫的。cant have done是對(duì)過(guò)去的否定推測(cè)；must have done過(guò)去一定做了某事；might have done過(guò)去可能做了某事；neednt have done過(guò)去本不必做某事。故選C?！究键c(diǎn)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 【2015北京】29Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really _go now, My daughter is home alone.A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C【解析】句意：你不能再多待會(huì)

33、兒?jiǎn)?很晚了，我必須得走了。我女兒一個(gè)人在家。A. may可能，可以，也許；B. can能，會(huì)；C. must必須，必然要，必定會(huì)；D. dare敢，膽敢。結(jié)合句意，故選C?！?015北京】34. If I _it with my own eyes ,I wouldnt have believed it.A . didnt see B. werent seeing C. wouldnt see D. hadnt seen【答案】D【2015重慶】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway_ his famous novel A Farewell

34、to Arms.A. didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written【答案】D 【解析】句意：沒有他戰(zhàn)時(shí)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，海明威就不可能寫出著名的小說(shuō)永別了武器。根據(jù)without his wartime experience沒有戰(zhàn)時(shí)的經(jīng)歷，可知表示對(duì)于過(guò)去的否定猜測(cè)，故主句用would have done，因此選D項(xiàng)。 【2015重慶】12. You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.A. must B. can C. will

35、 D. shall【答案】A 【解析】句意：你肯定是卡羅，這些年你一點(diǎn)也沒有變化。 must表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的肯定推測(cè)。 故選A。 【2015天津】7. I _ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.A. mightntB. mustntC. needntD. couldn t【答案】C【解析】句意：我來(lái)新學(xué)校之前本沒有必要擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樵谶@里我的同學(xué)對(duì)我非常友好。neednt have done本沒有必要做某事，表示實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了某事。根據(jù)句意可知選C?！?/p>

36、2015天津】13. I wish I _ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been 【答案】D【解析】句意：上個(gè)周二我本希望參加我姐姐的婚禮，但那時(shí)我在紐約出差。本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句用had + 過(guò)去分詞。根據(jù)句意可知選D?！?015四川】2.You _be careful with the camera. It costs!A .mu

37、st B. may C. can D. will【答案】A【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)下文的it costs可知，照相機(jī)很昂貴，故選擇A，意為：你一定要非常小心對(duì)待照相機(jī)，它很昂貴?！?015陜西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.A. should B. need C. shall D. may【答案】D【2015陜西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as

38、 well as her.A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced【答案】C【解析】句意：Ellen是一個(gè)很棒的舞蹈演員。但愿我能和她跳得一樣好。I wish“但愿”后面接賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，和現(xiàn)在相反用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以選C。【2015江蘇】28. It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known【答案】D【解析】句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能會(huì)省去我一些麻煩。根據(jù)題干中mi

39、ght have saved可知主句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，從句應(yīng)用if I had known與主句保持一致。if虛擬條件句中含有had時(shí)，可將if省去，同時(shí)將had提前構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D項(xiàng)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣重要做題原則：根據(jù)題干中主句或從句中動(dòng)詞形式判斷所考查的動(dòng)詞的虛擬時(shí)間, 一般要保持一致，但要注意錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣要根據(jù)各自所表示的虛擬時(shí)間做出調(diào)整。另外，當(dāng) if 條件句中含有助動(dòng)詞had，should或 were 時(shí), 可以省略 if，而將had,should或 were提到句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝虛擬條件句?！?015安徽】32.It is lucky we booked a room, or we

40、_nowhere to stay now.A. hadB. had hadC. would haveD. would have had【答案】C【解析】句意：我們很幸運(yùn)地訂到了房間，否則的話，我們現(xiàn)在就會(huì)無(wú)處可去了。or引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句，or后面是主句，相當(dāng)于if we hadnt booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根據(jù)“now”可知，是對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行虛擬，因此用would+動(dòng)詞原形，故選C。1(2014大綱全國(guó)卷)Although you_find bargains in London, its not generally a

41、cheap place to shop. 【答案】can【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然你能在倫敦買到便宜貨，但是一般來(lái)說(shuō)那不是一個(gè)買便宜東西的地方。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示理論上的可能性。2(2014重慶卷)I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _ you?【答案】didnt3(2014湖南卷)If Mr. Dewey _(be) present, he would have offered any possible assist

42、ance to the people there.【答案】had been【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果Dewey先生在場(chǎng)的話，他就會(huì)為那里的人提供任何可能的幫助。從主句中的“would have offered”可以看出，從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。4(2014福建卷)_(there be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.【答案】Were there5(2014四川卷)I still remember my

43、 happy childhood when my mother _take me to Disneyland at weekends.【答案】would【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我仍然記得我的快樂的童年，那時(shí)母親常會(huì)在周末帶我去迪斯尼樂園。would可表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，譯為“常會(huì)，總是”。6(2014安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they_(throw) away in the past.【答案】would have thrown【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done。句意：現(xiàn)在人們回收利用很多他們過(guò)去會(huì)扔掉的東西。根據(jù)in the pa

44、st可知，說(shuō)的是過(guò)去的情況，對(duì)過(guò)去的情況的推測(cè)，應(yīng)使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式”。7(2014陜西卷)My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who _ have taken it?【答案】could【解析】本題考查“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”的用法。句意：我的書哈迪斯之屋不見了。會(huì)是誰(shuí)把它拿走了呢？根據(jù)句意可知，這是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，而且該句是疑問(wèn)句，所以用could。8(2014天津卷)_(catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.【答案】Had he ca

45、ughtxk/w【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和倒裝。句意：要是他趕上了上午的火車，他就不會(huì)開會(huì)遲到了。這是一個(gè)省略if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句，將句子還原后為If he had caught the morning train。主句中的would not have been late則暗示這里是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，虛擬條件句中，如含有were，had，should，could等，且省略if時(shí)，常用倒裝。9(2014浙江卷)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they_(come) t

46、o our help.【答案】would have come【解析】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：我們進(jìn)行調(diào)研的那幾個(gè)月期間他們出國(guó)了，要不然的話，他們就會(huì)來(lái)幫助我們了。由關(guān)鍵信息or可知，此處是隱含的虛擬條件句，or相當(dāng)于if they hadnt been abroad。這是在敘述與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，因此這里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would have done。10(2014江蘇卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _bring me food.【答案】should【解析】本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。句意：他們自己那么窮，_給我?guī)?lái)了食物，這讓

47、我(感動(dòng)得)心里不好受。should可以用在that引導(dǎo)的從句中，跟在某些形容詞或動(dòng)詞之后，表示“竟然，居然”，帶有驚訝的語(yǔ)氣。1It is required by the rules that students _ get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.Awill BmayCshall Dwould解析：選C?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：根據(jù)規(guī)定，學(xué)生如果想拿獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，任一單科成績(jī)不得低于85分。shall用于第三人稱，在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定，意為“應(yīng)，必須”。2Visi

48、t the old man this afternoon？If you _，make sure you wear sunscreens to protect your skin.Amust Bcan Cmay Dshall解析：選A?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：今天下午去看望那個(gè)老人？如果你一定要去，請(qǐng)務(wù)必涂上防曬油以保護(hù)你的皮膚。if you must(do sth.)(表示雖不贊同但可允許)如果你一定要(那么做)，故選must。3Did you meet with the famous actress，Yang Mi?_I had come here earlier!AIf only BIf no

49、tCBut for DFor fear4_it be Tom that stole the managers mobile phone?No.As far as I know，Tom is very honest.AMay BCanCMust DShould解析：選B?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法。can可用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)；must表推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于肯定的陳述句中；may和should表推測(cè)時(shí)不用于疑問(wèn)句中。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，B項(xiàng)正確。句意：有可能是Tom偷了經(jīng)理的手機(jī)嗎？不可能。就我所知，湯姆是非常誠(chéng)實(shí)的。5Why wasnt John hired for the job ?I dont

50、 know，but he_ Awas Bhad beenCshould have Dshould have been解析：選D。考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。上一句意為：為什么John沒有被雇傭？下一句意為：我不知道，但是他。根據(jù)句意，選擇D最為恰當(dāng)，意為他本該會(huì)被雇傭，隱含意思為他并沒有被雇傭，正好符合上一句句意。6He_ the job well，but he _so careless.Ahad done；had been Bcould do；wasCcould have done；was Dhadnt done；had been7Are you absent from the meeting?Yes，w

51、ho_it would rain!Ahas thought Bhad thoughtCwas thinking Dwould have thought解析：選D?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞及虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意：你沒去開會(huì)？沒有，誰(shuí)會(huì)想到天會(huì)下雨呢！8Mr.Smith，can I hand in my composition tomorrow morning?Forget it.Id rather you _ it to me this afternoon.xk-wAcan finish Bhave finishedCwould finish Dfinished 解析：選D。考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。would rat

52、her后的句子應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)this afternoon可知此處表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，故從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。would rather后從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。9_more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games，I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.AIf I devoted BHad I devotedCWould I be devoted DShould I be devoted解析：選B?？疾殄e(cuò)綜

53、虛擬句。此處主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，如果省略if要用倒裝句；從句用“would動(dòng)詞原形”的形式，表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反。10But for the help of my English teacher，I _ the first prize in the 2015 English Writing Competition.Awould not win Bwould not have wonCwould win Dwould have won解析：選B。此處虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would/should/could/mighthave done結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句意要用否定含義，故選B。本句的條件是由介詞短語(yǔ)(but for)表達(dá)的。11It is a rule that public schools _ provide adequate and safe sports facilities.Amust BwillCshall Dcan解析：