1、Book 4Unit1 Women of achievement1、achievement n.（1）C成就，功績：have a sense of achievement有成就感（2）U達到，完成：achieve vt.（經(jīng)過長期努力）達到，實現(xiàn)，取得；achievable adj.可完成的，可達到的；achiever n.成功人士【即學(xué)即練1】（ ）Although medical science_control over several dangerous diseases,what worries us is that some of them are returning.A.achie

2、vedB.has achievedC.will achieve D.had achieved【即學(xué)即練2】（ ）Its through learning that the individual _many habitual ways of reacting to situations.A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires2、put.to的三個主要含義：（1）使某人在某地或或某種狀況下，尤指睡覺、休息或死亡：She put her child to bed.（2）問（問題）；提（建議）：I put a question to him.（3）以某種方式試驗（某人

3、或某事）：Lets put the matter to a vote.【即學(xué)即練3】（ ）At last the government put the criminal _by hanging him.A.to dieB.to deathC.to be dyingD.into death【即學(xué)即練4】（ ）I was hoping Mr Brown could _for a few days.A.put me inB.put me downC.put me onD.put me up3、welfare n U （1） 幸福，健康；福祉：Our only concern is the child

4、rens welfare.我們唯一關(guān)心的是孩子們的幸福。（2）對有個人或社會問題的人提供的幫助；福利welfare benefits/services/programmes：the provision of education and welfare services提供教育和福利服務(wù)（3） 政府向窮人或失業(yè)者發(fā)放的救濟金on welfare：Most of the people in this neighborhood are on welfare.這一街區(qū)的大多數(shù)人都領(lǐng)取福利救濟。4、project v （1）T預(yù)計，推斷be projected to do sth：Total expen

5、diture is projected to rise by 25%.總開支預(yù)計增加25%。（2）I 凸出，突出：projecting teeth齙牙+ out/from/through etc Four towers projected from the main building.從主樓上凸出來四個塔樓。（3）T 放映；投射project sth onto sth：She projected the slide onto the wall.她將幻燈片投射到墻上。（4）T 呈現(xiàn)出樣子，表現(xiàn)自己project yourself (as sth)：his attempts to project

6、himself as a potential leader他試圖表現(xiàn)出自己作為未來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的樣子（5）計劃，預(yù)定the projected closure of the hospital計劃關(guān)閉這所醫(yī)院（6）project your voice放開聲音使大房間的每個人都能聽見（7）T 傳播：The plant projects its seeds over a wide area. 那種植物可以把種子散播到很大的范圍。（8）T使某人迅速成功；讓某人迅速獲得更好的工作project sb into/onto etc sth：His success projected him onto Channel

7、 4s comedy series Packet of Three.他的成功讓自己躋身于第四頻道的系列喜劇三人幫中。（9）T 想象他人具有自己的思想感情；把自己的感情投射到他人身上project sth on/onto sb：Youre projecting your insecurity onto me.你在把自己的不安全感強加到我身上。5、specialist n專家（1）specialize vi.專注,專攻，specialize in sth專攻.（major in主修.）（2）specialty n.專業(yè)，特長6、campaign n./v.（1）n. C運動,活動;戰(zhàn)役：+to d

8、o為(做)的；+for/against為/反對的The campaign to seize the city was a failure. 攻占這個城市的戰(zhàn)役失敗了。 The city hall is planning to start a campaign against smoking. 市政府計劃發(fā)起禁煙運動。 （2）vi. 作戰(zhàn)；參加運動 + for/against/to doThey are campaigning to save the area from building development.他們正開展一場反對在這個地區(qū)進行房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的運動。（3）campaigner n.競

9、選者，從軍者，出征者，老兵【即學(xué)即練5】（ ）The company is starting a new advertising _to attract customers.A.principleB.attitudeC.campaignD.thunder7、organize v （1）T 組織，籌劃，安排活動：The course was organized by a training company.（2）T 組織，安排人員做某事organize yourself：The scientists need to organize themselves and work as a team.這些

10、科學(xué)家要組織起來，作為一個團隊來工作。（3）T to管理，安排（manage也有此意思）He doesnt need you to organize his life for him.他不需要你來安排他的生活。Organize yourself to arrive at places on time.你要安排好時間，準時到達預(yù)定地點。（4）T 排列，編組：We are learning about how genes are organized.我們在了解基因是如何排列的。（5）organized adj. 有組織的；有條理的，有安排的：井井有條地in an organized way（這個短

11、語要多用）（6）organization n.組織，機構(gòu)，團體：世貿(mào)組織（WTO）the World Trade Organization 8、behave v I （1）表現(xiàn)+ towards I think he behaved disgracefully towards you.我覺得他對你太不像話了。+ like grown men behaving like schoolboys表現(xiàn)得像小學(xué)生一樣的成年男子behave as if/though：He was a little boy, but he behaved as if he was an adult.他是個小男孩，可表現(xiàn)得跟

12、大人一樣。（2）舉止規(guī)矩有禮；檢點 OPP misbehave：Behave yourself! 規(guī)矩點! Will you children please behave!你們這些孩子能不能規(guī)矩一點！well-behaved/badly-behaved：a badly-behaved class 不守規(guī)矩的班級（3）always + adv/prep作出反應(yīng)，發(fā)生作用Quantum mechanics is the study of the way atoms behave.量子力學(xué)是研究原子運動的學(xué)科。（4）be on ones good/best behavior行為檢點，舉止規(guī)矩【即學(xué)即

13、練6】根據(jù)中文提示完成句子：（1）I want you to _(舉止得體)while Im away.（2）Im sorry about what I did last night_(我太幼稚了)【即學(xué)即練7】（ ）(2009湖南六校聯(lián)考)The children do not know how to _ themselves at the party. AactBperformCbehave Dadvance9、concern v/n（一）vt（1）be the business of sth,be important to,affect影響，對.有重要性Dont interfere in

14、 what doesnt concern you.The loss was a tragedy for all concerned.（2）關(guān)于：a report that concerns drug abuse（v/n濫用，謾罵）.concerning(=respecting) prep.關(guān)于.（3）concern oneself with/in/about sth忙于.，對.感興趣：There is no need to concern yourself with this matter,we are dealing with it.（4）使.擔憂，煩惱，打擾.：Our losses are

15、 beginning to concern me.（5）to whom it may concern 敬啟者寫在正式信函開頭的一句套話，用于寫信人不知道收信人的姓名時（二）cn/un（1）U 憂慮，擔心，關(guān)切+ for our concern for human rights我們對人權(quán)的關(guān)注+ about/over/with the rise of concern about the environment對環(huán)境越來越多的關(guān)注concern that：increased concern that the war could continue for a long time怕戰(zhàn)爭會長期繼續(xù)下去而

16、日益增加的擔心be a cause for concern/cause concern：The activities of the far right have been a cause for concern for a while now.極右分子的活動引起關(guān)注已經(jīng)有一段時間了。（2）C 擔心的事，關(guān)切的事Education remains the electorates main concern.教育仍是選民主要關(guān)心的問題。（3）C,U關(guān)系到你自己的重要的事情+ for The consumer has become a major concern for this government

17、.消費者成了這屆政府關(guān)注的重點of concern to sb：topics of concern to television viewers（4）singular, U 關(guān)愛，關(guān)懷：+ for parents loving concern for their children（5）sbs concern某人的責任：The money side of the business is your concern.這件事錢的方面由你負責。（6）not sbs concern/none of sbs concern某人不感興趣的事；與某人無關(guān)的事His affairs were none of her

18、 concern.他的私事與她無關(guān)?！炯磳W(xué)即練8】（ ）The farmers are concerned _their farmland,because it is concerned _their food.A.for,aboutB.about,forC.about,withD.with,about【即學(xué)即練9】（ ）All the memories of his childhood had _ from his mind by the time he was 65.A.faded B.illustrated C.confined D.concerned【即學(xué)即練10】（ ）_money,

19、she is quite rich.However,this does not mean that she is happy.A.ConcerningB.As toC.In terms ofD.In the sight of10、shade n/v（1）un. 蔭；陰涼處：I saw him sitting in/under the shade of a tree. 我看見他坐在樹蔭下。重點詞組：in the shade在陰涼處，默默無聞：The actress still remains in the shade.a shade 少量，稍微：The results were a shade

20、better than we expected.結(jié)果比我們預(yù)計的稍（2）vt. 遮住光線， 遮蔽，蔽蔭：Trees shade the streets. 重點詞組：shadefrom/against使免受的照射She shaded her eyes from/against the sun. shade into sth漸漸與分辨不清，逐漸變成His impatience shaded into anger.他由不耐煩逐漸變成了憤怒。（3）shadow影子，陰影（是一個平面）；而shade是一個立體空間，指遮擋陽光的地方?！炯磳W(xué)即練11】（ ） (2009宜春期末)AIDS is spread

21、ing all over the world at a shocking speed. Where its dark _ appears，we see pain，tears and death.Ashape BshadowCambition DmarkE.symbol【即學(xué)即練12】（ ）Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the _in the financial system will drag down the economy.A.shallownessB.shakinessC.scantinessD.stiffness11、move

22、off離開；啟程；出發(fā) Last night he moved off without saying goodbye to me.其他move的短語：move about四處走動，轉(zhuǎn)換工作；move away搬走；move in遷入新居；move down下降等級；move up上升，晉升；move on開始做別的事，換話題；move out搬出去，遷出【即學(xué)即練13】（ ）It was decided to _ the search when there was no hope of finding the missing girl.Acall off Bmove offCkeep off

23、Dmove away【即學(xué)即練14】（ ）They had planned to _in the morning but were stopped by the storm.A.move outB.move overC.move awayD.move off12、worth adj 只能做表語 be (well) worth doing (很)值得做 （主動形式表被動意義）（1） 重點詞組：get ones money worth使某人的錢花的有價值；worth ones salt稱職的；for whats it worth不管怎樣；worth it有用的，值得的（2）worthy adj.值

24、得的值得做某事be worthy to be done =be worthy of being done =be worthy of + n. （牢記）（3）worthwhile adj. 值得做的；值得花費時間（精力）的；可作定語和表語a worthwhile experiment/job.The experiment is worthwhile.做某事是值得的 It is worthwhile to do sth；It is worthwhile doing sth；be worth ones while to do/doing（4）be worth +錢數(shù)：The bicycle is

25、worth 50.這輛自行車值50英鎊。【即學(xué)即練15】（ ）The problem he put forth at the meeting was _.Which one of the following is WRONG? A.worth thinking over B.worthy to considerC.worthy of being thought overD.worthy of consideration【即學(xué)即練16】（ ）I am sure this painting was not painted by Picasso.Its only an unsuccessful fa

26、ke and so its _.A.pricelessB.invaluable C.worthlessD.precious13、observe vt.（1）T not in progressive 看到，注意到，觀察到 observation n.觀察，預(yù)測，監(jiān)視observer n.目擊者；under observation在觀察中;在監(jiān)視中observe that：It was observed that 40 percent of patients had high blood pressure.observe sb doing/do sth：Officers observed him

27、driving at 90 miles per hour.（2）I,T 觀察，監(jiān)視，觀測：The police have been observing his movements.。（3）T 說，評論：Sid looks ill, Doherty observed. （4）T 遵守，奉行法律或協(xié)議observance n.（對法律、習俗的）遵守So far the ceasefire has been observed by both sides.遵守著?；饏f(xié)定。（5）T 遵守，奉行宗教或習俗，慶祝：Some people observe Christmas here. （6）表示“使，讓”的

28、動詞make, have等，以及感官動詞see , watch,observe, feel,hear,listen to,look at等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，成為主語補足語的不定式時，必須帶toHe observed her come across the street. She was observed to come across the street.【即學(xué)即練17】（ ）(2011廣西百校聯(lián)考)It is required that all traffic participants should_the traffic rules to make traffic safer and saf

29、er.A.performB.observeC.supportD.possess【即學(xué)即練18】（ ）All individuals are required to _to the laws made by their governments.A.obeyB.conformC.concedeD.observe14、respect v/n（1）v/n尊敬；敬重 respect for sb./ sth. 尊重某人/某事；gain/earn/win ones respect 贏得某人的尊重；show/pay respect for sb.尊敬某人；out of respect for sb出于對.的

30、尊敬；hold sb.in respect尊敬某人；give/send ones respects to sb待某人向某人問好（=remember sb to sb）（2）n.方面 重點詞組：in all respect=in every respect在各個方面；in respect of/to關(guān)于，對.來說；with respect to關(guān)于；in no respect無論在哪方面都不是，完全不是；without respect to不考慮；不管 （3）詞匯辨析1）respectable：of acceptable social position,decent and proper in

31、appearance or behavior of a moderately good standard or size,not bringing disgrace or embarrassment2）respected：admired by many people because of your good work or achievements3）respectful：feeling or showing respect，be respectful of/towards.4）respective：belonging or relating separately to each of the

32、 people or things already mentioned5）respecting：formal about or relating to sth【即學(xué)即練19】Complete the sentences with the words above:1、We were brought up to be _of authority.2、Go and make yourself look _.3、Economic growth has averaged at a _ 2.5 per cent.4、A discussion took place _the provision of sci

33、ence teaching.5、He is highly _ for his novels and plays.6、After the party we all went off to our _rooms.【即學(xué)即練20】（ ）-What do you think I should do?-I think you should call him back_.A.in all respectB.out of respectC.with respectD.in several respects【即學(xué)即練21】（ ）This is the most vital respect _civilized

34、 man can be distinguished from primitive communities.A.whichB.in whichC.with whichD.that【即學(xué)即練22】根據(jù)中文提示完成句子：1、他因誠實而深受大家的尊敬：He _ by everyone for his honesty.2、你認為這部電影在哪一方面有失偏頗？_ do you think the film is biased?【即學(xué)即練23】（ ）According to official statistics,retail sales in China rose 10% and 12.2% in the

35、first and the second quarter _this year.A.accordinglyB.correspondinglyC.respectivelyD.individually 15、argue vt/vi爭論，爭辯，說服，用辯論證明（1） 重點詞組：argue for.為而爭論；為而辯護；argue against爭辯(反對)argue with sb.on/about/over sth.與某人爭辯某事 argue o/out of doing sth.說服某人做/不做某事（=persuade sb into/out of doing）（2）argument

36、n.爭論，爭辯，論點：have an argument with sb 與某人爭論；an argument for/in favor of贊成的理由；put forward an argument提出論點【即學(xué)即練24】（ ）Mike often argues _his friend _small things angrily,which sometimes makes his friend very unhappy.A.with,forB.with,aboutC.to,forD.to,about【即學(xué)即練25】（ ）He argued _smoking and insisted that i

37、t was _argument that smoking was harmful to health.A.for,beyondB.against,overC.for,overD.against,beyond16、entertainment C,U（1）C,U 娛樂節(jié)目；娛樂活動The town provides a wide choice of entertainment.light entertainment (= comedy) 喜??；the entertainment industry/business/worldfun 娛樂業(yè)/界圈 重點詞組：find entertainment in

38、以.為樂；much to ones entertainment讓某人感到極有趣的是（2）U 招待，款待，招待會：the entertainment of friends招待朋友 重點詞組：give an entertainment to sb找待某人；give a farewell entertainment to sb為.進行歡送會（3）entertain I,T 使快樂；使有興趣A museum should aim to entertain as well as educate.博物館應(yīng)該致力于成為娛樂和教育功能并重的場所。entertain sb with sth：She entert

39、ained the children with stories, songs and drama.她又講故事又唱歌，還演戲，把孩子們逗得很開心?！炯磳W(xué)即練26】（ ）In this poor country,survival is still the leading industry,all else is _.A.luxuryB.accommodationC.entertainmentD.refreshment17、同源賓語：（1）live a happy/bitter life，live a dogs life過著困苦的生活（2）dream a .dream做.的夢：dream a str

40、ange dream（3）dance a .dance：dance a beautiful dance（4）sleep a good sleep（5）die a .death.地死去：die a heroic death英雄般的死去（6）sing a .song唱一首.的歌18、crowd v.（1）I always + adv/prep 群集，聚集；擁擠+ into Hundreds of people crowded into the church for the funeral.數(shù)百人擁進教堂參加葬禮。+ round/around We all crowded round the tab

41、le. be crowded together：the rapid spread of infection in areas where people are crowded together傳染病在人群聚集的地方迅速蔓延（2）T 擠滿，塞滿：Holidaymakers crowded the beaches.（3）T 想法或觀點塞滿腦子：Strange thoughts and worries were crowding his mind.（4）crowd in問題或想法涌上心頭，涌入腦海+ on She shut her mind against the fears that crowde

42、d in on her. 她克制自己不去想那些涌上心頭的恐懼感。Too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding in on me. 我心亂如麻（5）crowd sb/sth out 把擠出，排擠：Supermarket chains have crowded out the smaller shops. 【即學(xué)即練27】（ ）Memories _on him when he met the friend who he had heard nothing of for over thirty years.A.crowded inB.resulted i

43、nC.joined inD.gave in19、inspire vt （1）鼓舞,激勵 inspire + n. / sb. to n. / sb. to do：We were inspired by his speech.（2）激起,引發(fā)(感情,思想) inspire sth. in sb. / inspire sb. with sthThe father inspired confidence in his son.= The father inspired his son with confidence.（3）賦予.靈感,給.以啟：The memory of his childhood

44、inspired his first novel.（4）派生：inspiration: n.鼓舞；靈感；啟示；inspired: adj.(人、作品)得到靈感的；有靈感的 ；inspiring: adj.鼓舞的，激勵的（5）后綴-spire表示“呼吸”之意：aspire v.熱望；立志（a加強+spire看到渴望的東西加強呼吸熱望）conspire v.同謀（con共同+spire同呼吸同謀）expire v. 斷氣；期滿（ex出+spire只出氣不進氣斷氣）inspire v.吸氣；鼓勵（in進+spire吸氣進去，引申為鼓勵）perspire v.出汗（per全部+spire全身呼吸出汗）

45、respire v.呼吸；恢復(fù)精神(re再+spire再呼吸恢復(fù)精神）【即學(xué)即練28】（ ）It is very strange but I had an _that the plane would crash.A.inspirationB.intuitionC.imaginationD.incentive【即學(xué)即練29】（ ）He had lived illegally in the United States for five years after his visitors visa(簽證)_.A.abolishedB.expiredC.amendedD.constrained20、su

46、pport（一）v 【主要掌握13點的意思和用法】（1）支持；贊成；擁護support sb in (doing) sth：We need to support our teachers in their efforts to raise standards.我們必須支持我們的教師為提高教學(xué)水準所作的努力。（2）支持，幫助，援助處于困難時期的人My wife supported me enormously.（3）供養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)support sb by (doing) sth：She supports her family by teaching evening classes.她靠教夜課養(yǎng)家。s

47、upport yourself：I have no idea how I am going to support myself.我不知道如何來養(yǎng)活我自己。（4）出錢幫助，為提供資金，資助：There are a handful of charities which I support regularly. （5）支撐，承受某物的重量The middle part of the bridge is supported by two huge towers.橋的中部由兩個巨型橋塔支撐。（6）證明，證實 ：The results support our original theory.這些結(jié)果證明了

48、我們原先的理論。（7）維持的生存：healthy soil that can support plant life可維持植物生長的健康土壤（8）support a habit支付（不良）習慣的花費，用錢維持（不良）習慣尤指吸毒He turned to crime to support his habit. 為了維持自己的惡習，他走上了犯罪道路。（二）n（1）U 支持；擁護；贊同 + for There was widespread support for the war.in support(of)：He had the full support of the general committe

49、e.（2）U 同情；鼓勵；幫助I couldnt have made it through those times without the support of my boyfriend Rob.（3）U 資助；贊助：with sbs support：With your support, we can help these youngsters.（4）C,U 支撐物；支柱；支架；支座：for support：She grabbed at his shoulders for support. （5）U 、證明，證據(jù)+ for My own research provides some suppo

50、rt for this view.我自己的研究為這一觀點提供了一些證據(jù)?！炯磳W(xué)即練30】（ ）Bobs father didnt _him to be a musician.A.standB.holdC.carryD.support21、refer to (referred; referring) vi. （1）提到，談到：We agreed never to refer to the matter again.+ as He likes to be referred to as Doctor Khee.他喜歡別人叫他“基博士”。+ by The hospital now refers to

51、patients by name, not case number.（2）參考，查看，查閱reference n.參考（書），介紹信：a reference book參考書；a reference library參考書閱覽室He gave the speech without referring to his notes. 脫稿（3）認為.起源于；涉及，關(guān)于；有.歸屬于；歸咎于；歸于The figures refer to our sales in Europe.這些數(shù)字是我們在歐洲的銷售額。Mr White referred his success to his hard work.懷特先生

52、說他的成功是靠勤勞工作而獲得的。The scientists referred the tiger to the cat family. 科學(xué)家將虎歸入貓科。（4）refer sb/sth to sb把某人介紹給某人以求幫助/把某事物交給某人解決My complaint was referred to the manufacturers.我的投訴已轉(zhuǎn)給制造商受理。（5）適用于：These regulations refer to every foreigner.（6）重點詞組：have reference to和.有關(guān)系；with/in reference to 關(guān)于；without refe

53、rence to與無關(guān)，不管；make a reference to說道，談到，參考，參照【即學(xué)即練31】（ ）The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _his notes. A.bringing up B.referring to C.looking for D.trying on【即學(xué)即練32】（ ）I require the thief _into prison.A.referred to being putB.referred to be put C.referred be putD.

54、referred should be put22、generation n （1）C also + plural verb BrE 一代（人）+ of the post-war generation of writers戰(zhàn)后的一代作家（2）C家族中的一代，一輩Friction is common when three generations live together.三代同堂，摩擦是難免的。for generations：Some families have lived here for generations.有些人家祖祖輩輩都住在這里。from generation to generation一代一代地（4）C 產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的代the first generation of nuclear power stations