1、A,1,英語語法,名詞與主謂一致,A,2,指出下列句子中的名詞 1. It takes two to make a quarrel. 一個巴掌拍不響。,一、名詞,【答案】 quarrel,A,3,2. Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻煩。,1,【答案】 第2、3個trouble,3. Facts speak louder than words. 事實勝于雄辯。,【答案】 Facts；words,A,4,1,表示人或事物(事件/行為)名稱的詞是名詞。,A,5,觀察各組單詞的特點，指出其類別 1family class s

2、chool 2pen man book 3idea communism style 4rice milk water 5 John China Japan,集合名詞,個體名詞,抽象名詞,物質(zhì)名詞,專有名詞,A,6,2,名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞 ；個體名詞與集體名詞；物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞；可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。,A,7,1可以直接用數(shù)目來計算的名詞是可數(shù)名詞；不可以直接用數(shù)目來計算的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞。 2一般而言，個體名詞和集合名詞是可數(shù)名詞；抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞。難點是有些名詞根據(jù)詞義的變化其性質(zhì)也發(fā)生變化，如“success(成功)”是個抽象的概念，常用作不可數(shù)名詞。但表示“成功的

3、實例(人或物)”時，用作可數(shù)名詞。另外，名詞是否可數(shù)，不能完全根據(jù)漢語的思維來確定。,A,8,指出畫線部分單詞的含義 1. Healthy diet should include vegetables.,【答案】 (各種各樣的)蔬菜,2. Its dangerous to cross waters around this island.,【答案】(很多的水體) 水域,A,9,不可數(shù)名詞一般無復數(shù)形式。偶有復數(shù)形式，用以表達種類的多，又如各種食物表達為“foods”；或表達數(shù)量的多，又如樹林表達為“woods”(很多樹)，沙地/灘/漠表達為“sands”(很多沙子)。,A,10,不可數(shù)名詞前一般

4、不能用不定冠詞，但在物質(zhì)名詞個體化或抽象名詞具體化的情況下，可以使用。如a coffee 意為“一杯咖啡”，此時coffee變成個體名詞； “He is a failure as a writer.”中的a failure意為“失敗者”，此時failure具體化，由抽象名詞變?yōu)閭€體名詞。,A,11,完成下列句子根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下列各個單詞，注意使用名詞后綴 1. 馬是有用的動物。 _ is a useful animal./_ is a useful animal./ _ are a useful animal. 2. 水對人類至關重要。 _ is extremely important to

5、 man.,名詞的泛指和特指怎么表達？,The horse,A horse,Horses,Water,A,12,3. 你提到的那個人拿走了我昨天買的所有的書。 _ you mentioned took away all the books I bought yesterday. 4. 這口井的水不能喝，里面有致癌礦物質(zhì)。 _ in this well isnt fit to drink, for it contains minerals causing cancer.,The man,The water,A,13,指出畫線部分充當?shù)木渥映煞?1. Basketball is my favori

6、te sports. 2. What you need is confidence. 3. His careless driving caused the accident. 4. We elected Mr. Li head of our school. 5. This kind of flower is called carnation. 6. Beijing, capital of China, is worth visiting.,名詞在句子中充當什么成分？,(主語),(表語),(賓語),(賓補),(主補),(同位語),A,14,7. Id like to buy a coffee c

7、up. 8. The meeting lasted 8 days.,(定語),(狀語),A,15,名詞在句子中分別充當主語，賓語，表語，賓補，主補，同位語，定語或狀語。,A,16,寫出括號中動詞的適當形式 1. I _ (be) the ninth letter of the alphabet. I 是字母表中第9個字母。 2. Both the touchmenot and the forgetmenot _(be) plants. 含羞草和勿忘我都是植物。,二、主謂一致,is,are,A,17,3. Attitude _(decide) everything. 態(tài)度決定一切。 4. Opi

8、nions about whether to go into details about the issue _ (vary) from person to person. 關于是否深入問題的細節(jié)這個問題，觀點因人而異。,decides,vary,A,18,能否將主謂一致理解為“主語是復數(shù)形式則謂語用復數(shù)，主語是單數(shù)形式則謂語用單數(shù)”？ 翻譯下列句子，標出句中的主語和謂語動詞 1. 書籍是人類的好朋友。,【答案】Books主 are謂 good friends to man,A,19,2. 一個流浪漢躺在公園的長凳上，雙手抖個不停。,【答案】 A homeless man主 was lying

9、 on謂 the bench in the park, with both his hands trembling.,3. 許多抽煙者把醫(yī)生的忠告當耳邊風。,【答案】 Many a smoker主 turns a deaf ear to謂 the doctors advice.,A,20,4. 當時一千英鎊是一大筆錢。,【答案】 One thousand pounds主 was謂 quite a big sum of money at that time.,5. 羊主要吃草。,【答案】 Sheep主 feed謂 on grass.,A,21,主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語不一定用復數(shù)(如例句4)；主語是

10、單數(shù)形式謂語也不一定用單數(shù)(如例句5)。,A,22,“一致”是指句子成分之間或詞語之間在性、數(shù)等方面應保持一致。 “主謂一致”是指謂語動詞與主語必須在人稱、性、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語是復數(shù)，謂語也用復數(shù)形式，如are, were, have等，主語是單數(shù)，謂語要用單數(shù)形式，如：is, was, has, works等。,主謂一致定義,A,23,觀察每組句子中謂語動詞單復數(shù)形式與主語的關系，嘗試找出其中的規(guī)律 1. (1) Birds of a feather flock together. 物以類聚。 (2) Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意時。 2. (1) The

11、wounded need medicine and food. 傷員們需要藥品和食物。 (2) The wounded is his cousin. 那個傷員是他的表弟。,主謂一致有什么原則？,A,24,3. (1) Not only Beijing but also other cities in China have taken on a new look. 不僅北京而且中國其他城市的面貌也煥然一新。 (2) Not human resources but the system counts. 不是人力資源而是制度起決定作用。 4. (1) English as well as other

12、 languages has its own rules. 同其他語言一樣，英語也有其自身特點。,A,25,3,主謂一致原則有： 1. 語法一致原則。即主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。主語為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式(如例句1)。 2. 意義一致原則。即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式由主語表達的實際意義決定。同樣形式的主語含義不同時，謂語單復數(shù)形式有變化(如例句2)。,A,26,3,3. 就近原則。即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式由靠近謂語動詞的名詞確定(如例句3)。 4. 承前（就遠）原則。即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式由遠離謂語動詞的名詞確定(如例句4),A,27,4,完成下列句子，注意謂語動詞的形式 1. G

13、rowing in the field _(be) green crops. What a beautiful scenery! 2. There _(be) no reply from the company in charge up to now. 3. His family _(be) very large.,are,has been,謂語動詞單復數(shù)形式怎樣確定？,is,A,28,4. The doctor and teacher _(speak) good English thanks to having lived abroad for years. 5. Growing veget

14、ables _(need) constant watering. 6. To be a pilot _(be) his dream. 7. When he will be set free from the prison _(remain) a big problem. 8.Neither the hostess nor her children _ (like) hot food, so please dont add pepper.,speaks,is/was,needs,remains,like,A,29,9. Look! The mother cat with all her babi

15、es _(run) after a mouse. 10. Since all _ (be) ready and all of us _(be) here, lets begin our meeting. 11. Each book and each dictionary here _ (publish) by BNUP last year. 12. Many a visitor _(have) such an experience so far.,is running,are,is,was published,has had,A,30,13. More than one person _ (c

16、harge) with theft the other day. 14. Gone _ (be) the days when teachers were looked down upon.,was charged,are,A,31,1謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式一般是根據(jù)主謂一致的原則來確定： 主謂一致遵守的“就近原則”句型中，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式由靠近謂語動詞的名詞確定。此類句式有：Neither A nor B/Either A or B / Whether A or B /Not only A but also B /A or B /Not A but B /There be A and B。謂

17、語動詞的單復數(shù)形式由靠近謂語動詞的名詞B確定。,4,A,32,主謂一致遵守的“承前（就遠）原則”句型中，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式由遠離謂語動詞的名詞確定。此類句式有：A with B/A along with B/A together with B/ A as well as B/A including B/A except/(but) B/ A like B 謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式由遠離謂語動詞的名詞A確定。,A,33,all, some, the rest of分數(shù)/百分數(shù)等作主語，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)根據(jù)實際意義確定。all指物， 表示“一切”時，謂語用單數(shù)，指人時謂語用復數(shù)。 集合名詞作主語強調(diào)

18、整體，謂語用單數(shù)。強調(diào)成員，謂語用復數(shù)。如： My family were watching TV when the electricity was cut off。 There be 的主語在后面，謂語的單復數(shù)與主語一致。,A,34,2確定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式還有以下幾種情況： 不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)形式。 and連接的兩個名詞表達同一概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。這類名詞如 knife and fork(刀叉)；bread and butter(黃油面包), horse and cart(馬車)等。 動名詞短語作主語，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式。 不定式短語作主語，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式。,A,35,從

19、句作主語，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式。 當every A and every B/each A and each B/ no A and no B/ many a A and many a B作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。 Many a 單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 More than one 單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。,A,36,One and a half 復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 進行時中的現(xiàn)在分詞提前，主語在后，謂語單復數(shù)與主語一致。,A,37,1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe 2Neither my wife

20、nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe 3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe 4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe,高考鏈接,A,38,5Nobody but Betty and

21、Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been 6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come 7No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known 8The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading 9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed,A,39,10. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination