1、Unit 8 Modern Agriculture,Agriculture and our life,Lesson 2,industry operation labor feed,Words to learn-2,Industry工業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè),Two hundred years ago, agriculture was American biggest industry. 兩百多年前，農(nóng)業(yè)是美國最大的產(chǎn)業(yè)。 The information industry is a new industry in our country. 信息產(chǎn)業(yè)在我國是新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。,Operation操作，運轉(zhuǎn),It is s

2、aid that farming in America today is three fourths computer operation and one-fourth physical labor. 據(jù)說當(dāng)今美國農(nóng)業(yè)四分之三由計算機操作，四分之一靠體力勞動。 The machine is in operation. 這臺機器在運轉(zhuǎn)。,operate vt. little less - least large population 人口多少 large - small in order to do 為了做。 increasing population. 增長的人口,2. Two hundred

3、 years ago, ninety-five percent of American workers were farmers, and agriculture was American biggest industry. Today less than two percent of American workers are farmers, and yet agriculture is still one of the biggest industries in America. American farmers used to grow only enough food to feed

4、their families and animals; now each farmer grows enough to feed 120 other people. All of these are believed to be the results of computerized machinery. It is said that farming in America today is three-fourths computer operation and one-fourth physical labor. The use machines to raise chickens, co

5、ws and other livestock.,two hundred years ago ago -before before - after ninety-five percent of 百分之九十五 - 95% less than 少于。 more than 多于。 used to grow used to do sth. 過去（常常）做。 feed their families and animals- feed 120 other people It is said that 據(jù)說。 three-fourths computer operation one-fourth physic

6、al labor raise chickens, cows and other livestock raise -feed,3. Computerized machinery in modern farming means the use of modern machinery with high intelligence on farms. By using the machines, the farmers can save both time and labor.,modern farming save both time and labor.,4. Computerized machi

7、nery has helped modern farming a lot, but whats troubling some farmers is that they have no proper farming machines for some special farming jobs. Though great efforts have been made, the problem is far from being solved.,whats troubling some farmers is that . great efforts have been made- make grea

8、t effort 做出很大的努力 The problem is far from being solved.問題還沒有解決。,What plays an important part in modern farming? Its a fact that _. Has America completely realized computerized farming? No. Its said that_. For some special farming jobs, whats the farmers trouble? What_ is that _.,Task4,computerized ma

9、chinery plays an important part in modern farming today,farming in America today is three-fourths computer operation and one-fourth physical labor.,they have no proper farming machines for some special farming jobs.,is troubling some farmers,Grammar,名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞 名詞從句又可分別稱為 主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。,引導(dǎo)名詞性從

10、句的連接詞 可分為三類： 連接詞： that, whether, if 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 連接副詞：when, where, how, why,注意： 1。that只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分， 本身也沒有詞義，賓語從句中可省略 2。不充當(dāng)介賓 3。 引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句,that不可省略。,名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞：,連接詞 ：that、if、whether,無意義,2. 連接代詞 ：who、 whom 、whose、 what、 which,3. 連接副詞： when、

11、where、why、how,“是否”,作主/賓/表,從句,名詞性從句,主語從句,形容詞性從句,副詞性從句,同位語從句,表語從句,賓語從句,定語從句,狀語從句,Prep.+賓語從句,Vt +賓語從句,英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型; 及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。 英語五種基本句型列式如下：,S V P S Vi S Vt O S Vt o O S Vt O C,主系表 主謂Vi 主謂Vt賓 主謂Vt雙賓 主謂Vt復(fù)合賓語,主系表 主謂Vi 主謂Vt賓 主謂Vt雙賓 主謂Vt復(fù)合賓語,“殺手锏”,-動詞-,主語從句,表語從句,3. S +

12、 Vt + that/wh-clause賓語從句,主 + 謂,主 + 系 + 表,主 + 謂 + 賓,介詞 + 賓語,1. That/wh-clause + V +主語從句,2. S +be/link.V + that/wh-clause表語從句,4. S + Vi + prep + wh-clause賓語從句,名 詞 性 從 句,名詞： 名詞的 性質(zhì)： 從： 句:,book; friend; Kate This is . is interesting. I bought today. likes the book. 從屬，服從，不獨立 句子，動詞表現(xiàn)為時態(tài)形式,同位語,賓語,主語,表語,Th

13、e book,a book,the book,My friend,Kate,辨別下列名詞性從句的類別： 1.How the book will sell depends on its author. 2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5.He will talk

14、 to us about what he saw in U.S. 6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句,賓語從句,主語從句,看看我們都會哪些主語從句？ It is said that Its reported that . It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.,It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting. 看看來歷: Its difficult for sb. to

15、do sth.,_ China has the largest population in the world,名詞性從句,的健康問題,That,_ _,is a big problem,It,避免名詞性從句頭重腳輕摔跟頭,看看我們學(xué)過的賓語從句！,A: What is Peter doing now? Do you know?,B: I know (that) _ _ _ now.,Peter is,fishing,Peter: Im fishing now.,A: What did Peter say?,B: He said (that )_ _ _.,he was fishing,Loo

16、k at the pictures,He will be back in an hour. I hear. I hear _ he _ be back in an hour. They miss us very much. She said. She said _ they _ us very much. The earth travels round the sun. The teacher told us. The teacher told us _ the earth_ round the sun.,that,will,that,missed,that,travels,Change th

17、e sentences,Kate: Is Mary reading an English book?,A: What does Kate ask? B: She asks _ _ _ _ an English book.,Mary is,reading,if/ whether,Will he go to the park with us? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ go to the park with us. Have you finished your homework? My mother asked.,if/whether he will

18、,Change the sentences,一主語從句,主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,1. It 作形式主語,It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.,what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時在句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則不然。例如： 1) _you said yeste

19、rday is right. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing.,It is right what you said yesterday.,It is a good thing that she is still alive.,What,That,2. what 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)別,二賓語從句,賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之后。,1. 作動詞的賓語 (1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that he joined the army

20、. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.,2. 作介詞的賓語，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）with one another.,3. 作形容詞的賓語，例如： I am af

21、raid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.,4. it 可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 例如： We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.,5. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，

22、一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。 例如： 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。 _,I dont think the dress fits you well,三表語從句,表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動詞表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。另外，常用的還有the reason is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This

23、 is _ we cant get the support of the people. 3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus.,whether/how,why,that,why,that,四同位語從句,1. 同位語從句的功能 同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner

24、would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.,同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。,2. 同位語在句子中的位置 同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別,(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，

25、同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。,(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行具體內(nèi)容的補充說明。例如：,1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by

26、 him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）,考點：連接詞： that 與 what 的區(qū)別,What he said makes me happy. That a new teacher will come is true .,that 只起連接作用，無意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任 何成分, 且在賓語從句中有時可省。 what 既起連接作用, 又在從句中作 主語, 賓語, 表 語 (且在名詞性從句中只有what可作表語）,what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在從句中作主語，賓語或表語。,_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.

27、 2. China is no longer _ it used to be. 3. There were even some grandparents who came to see _ it was all about. 4. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. 5. At last the soldiers reached _ the locals called the Three Gorges.,What,what,what,what,what,what,It is widely accep

28、ted _ the earth goes around the sun. 2. The problem is _ we cant finish the work in time. 3. We express the hope _ they will come to visit China again. 4. We all hope _ the 2008 Olympic Games will be the best ever, and _ the athletes and visitors will enjoy China and Beijing.,that,that,that,that,tha

29、t/-,that,That the earths goes around the sun is widely accepted.,1. _ he said so made us angry . _ he said at the meeting made us angry. 2. A computer can only do_ you have instructed it to do. （01全國） 3. 中國不再是過去的樣子了。 4. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. （04天津） A. what

30、 B. which C. that D. where,That,What,China is no longer _ it used to be.,what,what,用if 或whether 填空,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it m

31、atters little to us. 6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,1.他犯了那樣一個錯誤真是遺憾。 _ is a pity . 2.他來不來不重要。 _doesnt matter.,It doesnt matter whether,That he made such a mistake,It is a pity that,考點 ：it作形式主語,形式賓語,it 作形式主語,Whether he will come or no

32、t,用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu),(1) It is 名詞 從句 It is a fact that 事實是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that 是常識 (2) It is 形容詞 從句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) It is 不及物動詞 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 (4) It 過去分詞 從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報道 It has been proved that 已證實 It is said that 據(jù)說,It is reported/ thought/said that It is cle