1、英 語(yǔ) 高 考 語(yǔ)法 講 解,(虛擬語(yǔ)氣專題) 劉麗紅,一、非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(if 引導(dǎo)) 二、賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 三、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 四、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 五、狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 六、幾種特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。,1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句 if 從句 主句 現(xiàn)在 過(guò)去式 would (should, could, might)+動(dòng)原 將來(lái) 同上 過(guò)去 had done would (should, could, might)+ have done,過(guò)去式,

2、should+動(dòng)原,were to+動(dòng)原,考題點(diǎn)擊： I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go 2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would p

3、revent D. were, would have prevented 3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, ask,學(xué)習(xí)虛擬條件句還要注意以下4點(diǎn)：,（1）省略if 若虛擬條件句中有 were, had, should 時(shí)，可省略 if 而將 were, had, should 移到句首。如： （1）If I were in school again, I would work harder. （2）_ for

4、the doctors careful treatment, he _till last year. A. If it is not, cant live B. Were it not, couldnt live C. Had it not been, couldnt have lived D. If they were not, couldnt live,Were I in school again,.,1.If you had finished writing the book last month , it would be published next month.,2.You wou

5、ld be much better now if you had taken my advice.,錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句,3. If you had met him yesterday, you would know what to do now.,（2）錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句 虛擬條件句與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間有時(shí)不一致，要注意主從句謂語(yǔ)形式。 考題 It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in

6、 my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall,有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來(lái)，而是通過(guò)一個(gè)介詞來(lái)表示或通過(guò)上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及“but that ” “ except for和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虛擬： But for your help,I would have failed. Without the money,I would not be alive now.,（3）含蓄虛

7、擬條件句,Supposing there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.,She would leave her husband except for children. 如果沒(méi)有孩子的話,她就會(huì)離開(kāi)她的丈夫的,考題點(diǎn)擊： 1.I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.

8、could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken,D,2.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored,D,3. Without liberation we _ a new life. A. would not begin B. would not have been begun C. had not b

9、egun D. would not have begun,D,if only,過(guò)去完成時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí),對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬,對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬,could + 完成時(shí),（4）if only 從句 if only 若是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 只要.就好,If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes. If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had lived a little longer. 3. If only he had arrived in t

10、ime.,would /could/might +動(dòng)詞原形,對(duì)將來(lái)虛擬,比較if only與only if only if 表示“只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 考題 1. If only grandmother _ this together with us now. A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should see,B,2. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A

11、. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie (lie 躺，lay, lain),C,二、賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,1.wish后面賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示 與事實(shí)相反的愿望。其表達(dá)形式一般是將從句的謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞退后一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。例如: 1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 : I wish I were as healthy as you. I wish that I had a plane. 2)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 : I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish you had written to him. 3)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相

12、反 : I wish he would forgive me.,wish + (that)+did(were),wish + (that)+had done,wish + would/could/might+do,2. 在某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用should+動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式?！皊hould”可以省略。 常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有:一個(gè)堅(jiān)持insist; 兩個(gè)命令order, command ; 三條建議suggest , advise, propose; 六項(xiàng)要求demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire, 注意: suggest表 暗示表明 時(shí) ins

13、ist表堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once.,考題點(diǎn)擊： Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take 2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. wou

14、ld tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed,D,B,B,三、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,基本句型： 1. It be+過(guò)去分詞+that+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形+,過(guò)去分詞：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, demanded, arranged, desired, advis

15、ed,It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.,2. It be+形容詞+that+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形+ 形容詞:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprising,It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now. Its important tha

16、t we (should) take good care of the patient. How strange that you should not have heard it! It is quite natural that she should succeed.,3. It be+名詞（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+動(dòng)詞原形+,It seems such a pity that you should have to spend the day at the hotel. 你得在旅館里度過(guò)一天看來(lái)是一件遺憾的事情.,It is

17、a burning shame that little children should have to beg in the street. 小孩們得在街上乞討,這是一件嚴(yán)重的可恥的事.,It is no wonder that she should not write to you. 她不給你寫(xiě)信一點(diǎn)也不奇怪.,四、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice , decision等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中 要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。,My suggestion is that

18、we (should) leave at once.,1)表語(yǔ)從句:,2)同位語(yǔ)從句:,I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,考題點(diǎn)擊： His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try 2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped 3.My sug

19、gestion is that a few more people _ there to help me. A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent,A,C,A,as if/as though,過(guò)去完成時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí),would /could/might +動(dòng)詞原形,對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬,對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬,對(duì)將來(lái)虛擬,They talked as if they had been friends for years. She takes care of the orphan as if he were her own child. It is so cool

20、 as if it were autumn. She looks as though she had been ill. It looks as if it might rain.,五、狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用在lest(惟恐,免得), for fear that(以免,為防止起見(jiàn))和in case引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞原形。,1. She closed the windows lest she catch cold. 2. He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain. 3. She put her

21、coat over the child for fear that he should catch cold. 4. Heres some money in case you should need it.,lest /for fear that/ in case,+ 句子(should +動(dòng)詞原形),考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. We felt as if we _ each other for years. A.knew B.were knowing C.had known D.have knowing 2. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it

22、_. A. may explore B. exploded C. explode D. had explode,C,C,幾種特殊句式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣:,would rather + do something(寧愿做某事),would rather+ 句子(虛擬),過(guò)去完成時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí),對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬,對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬,對(duì)將來(lái)虛擬,I would rather you posted the letter right away. I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you

23、came next weekend. Id rather she hadnt done that.,It is (high, about,low) time that,一般過(guò)去時(shí),should + 動(dòng)詞原形,此處的should一般不省略,注意: 此句型與下面的句型的區(qū)別:,It is time for somebody to do something. It is the first time that從句用 It was the first time that從句 用,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),It is time for us (have)dinner. It is (about/high)

24、 time that we （have）dinner.,It is the first that he (go) there. It was the first time that he (go) there.,to have,had,have gone,had gone,Would you mind + if從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用一般過(guò)去時(shí).,Would you mind if I opened the window? 如果我打開(kāi)窗戶, 你不反對(duì)嗎? Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽煙你不介意吧?,注意: would you mind doing sth. Would yo

25、u mind my smoking?,高考鏈接: 1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come (MET94) 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken (MET95),D,C,3. You didnt let me drive. If we_ in turn, you_so tired. A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wou