1、,Unit,1,Urban Challenges,Book 4,1. How many large cities in the world can you think of? Try to list the names as many as you can.,Example Answers Shanghai, China; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Toronto, Canada; Tokyo, Japan; Seoul, South Korea, London, Britain; Istanbul, Turkey; Dhaka, Bangladesh; Lagos, Nigeri

2、a, etc.,Art and Music,2. Why are millions of people leaving the countryside and moving into crowded cities?,Art and Music,Example Answers Millions of people are leaving the countryside and moving into crowded cities mainly for economic reasons. There are more jobs in cities than in the countryside.,

3、3. What are the causes of traffic jams in large cities? How can cities solve this problem?,Art and Music,Example Answers Traffic jams in large cities are caused by people traveling from their homes to their work places in the morning and back to their homes again in the evening. Its not an easy prob

4、lem to solve, but cities can limit the days on which people can use their cars, provide as much public transportation as possible, and design streets and highways that can handle a lot of traffic.,A | Note-Taking. Listen to the lecture introduction. Which specific topic is this lecture about? Check

5、() the correct answer.,A Lecture,Listening 1, a. The problem of flooding. b. The MOSE project. c. Problems caused by tourists.,Listening 1,B | Listening for Main Ideas. Listen to the lecture and complete the main ideas about the problems and benefits of tourism.,cant handle so many people,revenue,fo

6、od,rent,housing,getting smaller,restoration,tourism,D| Listening for Details. Read the questions and answer choices. Then listen again and choose the correct answers.,Listening 1,1. How many tourists visited Venice in one holiday weekend? a. 60,000. b. 80,000. c. 21 million. 2. What is NOT found in

7、the Rialto Market area? a. Grocery stores. b. Souvenir shops. c. A beach.,b,c,D| Listening for Details.,Listening 1,3. What did a 1999 law make it easier to do? a. Convert residences to hotels or guesthouses. b. Increase the cost of garbage collection. c. Create affordable housing for young people.

8、4. How much revenue does tourism in Venice generate in a year? a. 2 million U.S. dollars. b. 20 million U.S. dollars. c. 2 billion U.S. dollars.,a,c,D| Listening for Details.,Listening 1,5. What is the population of Venice today? a. Around 120,000. b. Around 80,000. c. Around 60,000. 6. What did the

9、 lecturer say about the unemployment rate in Venice? a. It is higher than in the rest of Italy. b. It is lower than in the rest of Italy. c. It is lower in the summer than in other seasons.,c,b,Listening 1,Based on the lecture, what is the attitude of Venetian residents toward tourists?,Example Answ

10、ers The residents of Venice may resent tourists for driving up prices, making it harder to find housing, and causing some 60,000 residents to leave the city. In contrast, Venetians who work in tourism may be thankful that the tourists give them jobs and give the city a low unemployment rate.,Listeni

11、ng 1,2. What is the lecturers attitude about Venices future?,Example Answers The lecturers attitude about Venices future seems to be that the citys problems will not be solved easily or quickly.,Listening 1,3. Look at the cartoon. Do you think it is funny? Discuss the ways in which it relates to the

12、 lecture you have just heard.,Example Answer 1 Yes, I think the cartoon is funny because it exaggerates the problem of flooding. In reality, flooding damages buildings and might cause people to get their feet wet on some days, but the flooding isnt severe enough to make a scuba-diving suit necessary

13、.,Listening 1,3. Look at the cartoon. Do you think it is funny? Discuss the ways in which it relates to the lecture you have just heard.,Example Answer 2 No, I dont think the cartoon is funny because flooding is a real and serious problem in Venicenot something to laugh about.,Listening 2,1. What as

14、pects of Singapore do you think will be talked about in the conversation?,Example Answers In the conversation, they will probably mention Lee Kuan Yew, the Merlion, and perhaps the crowded, urban nature of Singapore.,Listening 2,2. Why do you think the Merlion was chosen as the symbol of Singapore?

15、Brainstorm some ideas.,Example Answers The lion is usually a symbol of strength and courage, and since Singapore is a young and successful country, the lion is a good symbol. The prefix “mer” refers to the sea, and the lower part of the Merlion looks like a fish. That may be because Singapore is an

16、island, and fishing could be important there.,A Conversation Between Classmates A | Meaning from Context. Read the statements. Then listen to the conversation and check () T for true or F for false.,Listening 2,Listening 2,Example Answers 1. T 2. F (Singapore does not have many natural resources.) 3

17、. F (The people of Singapore belong to many different ethnic groups.) 4. T 5. F (The spirit of kiasu means “afraid to lose”.) 6. T,C| Listening for Details. Read the sentences. Then listen again and complete the sentences with what you hear.,Listening 2,1. Singapore started off as a _ village. 2. Th

18、e size of Singapore is about _ square miles (699 square kilometers). 3. Singapore is _ percent urbanized. 4. Singapores economy was ranked the _ most innovative economy in the world. 5. Lee Kuan Yews ideas dominated Singapore politics for _ years. 6. Kiasu means “afraid to _”. 7. Singapore has one o

19、f the worlds best _. 8. Selling _ is illegal in Singapore.,fishing,270,100,second,50,lose,health care systems,chewing gum,1. Do you have the spirit of kiasu? Why or why not?,Example Answer 1 Yes, I have the spirit of kiasu because I always want to win. For example, I want to get the highest test sco

20、re in the class, or be a better athlete than others on the team.,Listening 2,1. Do you have the spirit of kiasu? Why or why not?,Example Answer 2 No, I dont have the spirit of kiasu because I think its fine to win sometimes and lose sometimes. I dont always need to be the best student in the class,

21、for example.,Listening 2,2. In Singapore you can be fined for spitting on the ground and for forgetting to flush a public toilet. Do you think these types of laws would be helpful in your city? Why or why not?,Example Answer 1 I do think these kinds of laws would be helpful in my city because my cit

22、y is quite dirty, and that can be bad for peoples health. Having strict laws might convince people to keep the city cleaner.,Listening 2,2. In Singapore you can be fined for spitting on the ground and for forgetting to flush a public toilet. Do you think these types of laws would be helpful in your

23、city? Why or why not?,Example Answer 2 I dont think these kinds of laws would be helpful in my city because theyre laws that are difficult to enforce. People would be unlikely to be fined or arrested for these minor offenses, so they wouldnt pay much attention to the laws.,Listening 2,1. It is the g

24、overnments responsibility to provide free housing for homeless people.,Example Answer 1 I think so too. There doesnt seem to be any other solution to homelessness.,1. It is the governments responsibility to provide free housing for homeless people.,Example Answer 2 I dont think so. Thats beyond the

25、scope of a governments responsibility.,2. It is the governments responsibility to provide free housing for homeless people.,Example Answer 1 I agree. Theres too much advertising, and we dont need to see it while driving.,2. It is the governments responsibility to provide free housing for homeless pe

26、ople.,Example Answer 2 Thats debatable. Successful businesses are good for the economy, and they need ways to advertise.,3. Pets should be allowed in restaurants, shops, and movie theaters.,Example Answer 1 I think youre right. People are happiest when theyre with their pets.,3. Pets should be allow

27、ed in restaurants, shops, and movie theaters.,Example Answer 2 I disagree. Some people are allergic to animals, and not all pets are well-behaved.,4. Everyone should be allowed to own firearms.,Example Answer 1 Exactly! Then anyone could stop criminals and fight crime.,4. Everyone should be allowed

28、to own firearms.,Example Answer 2 Thats crazy! Guns are dangerous, and having more of them creates more danger.,5. Smoking should be prohibited in all public places, both indoors and outdoors.,Example Answer 1 You can say that again! I shouldnt have to breathe other peoples cigarette smoke.,5. Smoki

29、ng should be prohibited in all public places, both indoors and outdoors.,Example Answer 2 No way! Smoking is legal, and people have a right to do it in public.,Example Answer 1 No kidding! Just look at the problems in some parts of the world.,6. It is impossible for people from different ethnic grou

30、ps to live together in peace.,Example Answer 2 Im not sure I agree. People from different ethnic groups get along just fine in many parts of the world.,6. It is impossible for people from different ethnic groups to live together in peace.,Example Answer 1 I agree. There should also be a limit to how

31、 many cars can travel on crowded city streets.,7. In crowded cities, the government has the right to limit the number of cars a family can have.,Example Answer 2 I dont think so. People should be able to own as many cars as they can afford.,7. In crowded cities, the government has the right to limit

32、 the number of cars a family can have.,Example Answer 1 I think youre right. Tourists harm the places they visit.,8. For tourist places, it is necessary to limit the number of visitors.,Example Answer 2 Im not so sure about that. More tourists bring in more money.,8. For tourist places, it is necess

33、ary to limit the number of visitors.,C | Organizing Ideas. With your group, select a city that you know well. Make notes in the chart about the positive effects (pros) and negative effects (cons) that tourism has on your chosen city.,City:_ Positive Effects (Pros): _ _ _ Negative Effects (Pros): _ _

34、 _,Sanya, supporting local businesses creating jobs improving citys reputation, causing traffic jams & high prices influencing local peoples normal life creating more garbage & other problems,1. Some Tuareg farmers live next to Lake Gossi. Why do you think they live there?,Example Answers The farmer

35、s might live next to Lake Gossi in order to have water for themselves and for irrigating their crops.,Before Viewing,2. Some Tuareg farmers live next to Lake Gossi. Why do you think they live there?,Before Viewing,Example Answers The elephants might stay at the lake during the dry season because the

36、re is water in it even when it hasnt rained for a long while.,3. What problems can you imagine between the farmers and elephants at Lake Gossi?,Example Answers The elephants might be a danger to farmers when the farmers get water from the lake. The elephants might want to eat the farmers crops. The

37、farmers might want to harm the elephants to prevent their eating the crops.,Before Viewing,B | Viewing for Main Ideas. Watch the video again. What do the farmers do to keep elephants out of their gardens? Check () Yes for the things you see and No for the things you dont see.,While Viewing,1. Do Chi

38、nese farmers face the same problems as the Tuareg farmers? If they do, have they found any solutions?,Example Answers Some Chinese farmers also face the same problem as the Tuareg farmers. For example, in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, some wild elephants also rob crops from farmers. One solution t

39、hey have is that farmers can get ompensation from the insurance company if they have a loss.,After Viewing,2. What other problems are the Chinese farmers having? How do they solve their problems?,Example Answers Chinese farmers are having a number of other problems that are not easy to solve. There

40、is a shortage of land for farming, and some of the soil has been seriously depleted and is no longer very productive. In addition, farmers earn much less money than people living in cities, so many Chinese farmers have quit farming and moved to cities.,After Viewing,Example Answers Problems affectin

41、g my city: heavy traffic and air pollution high rate of unemployment thefts / street crime lack of parks and green spaces poor public transportation,Giving a Group Presentation,Giving a Group Presentation,Example Answers,A | Listen to a report about the ways that some cities are meeting new challeng

42、es. Complete the chart.,Listening 1,finding affordable land for housing,building “microhomes”,regulating the amount of air pollution and smog,smog-eating materials in roof tiles,finding land for public parks, gardens, and outdoor areas,the High Line, an elevated urban park, has been built on a struc

43、ture that once supported railroad tracks,B | Read the questions. Then listen again and answer the questions.,Listening 1,1. Why do some people in Tokyo live in “micro-homes”? _ _ _ 2. What are those “micro-homes” like? _ _,Some people in Tokyo live in “micro-homes” because they allow people to live

44、close to central Tokyo and cost much less than other homes in the city.,Many “micro-homes” have several floors and big windows that maximize sunlight.,Listening 1,3. How can the cement developed by the Italian company reduce pollution? _ _ _ 4. What was the High Line in New York City once used for?

45、_ _ 5. What can people do in the High Line today? _ _,The cement developed by the Italian company minimizes pollution because it contains a substance that converts pollution into harmless chemicals.,The High Line in New York City was once used as a structure to support railroad tracks.,Today, visitors in the High Line can walk through the gardens, relax on the sun deck, and attend public art exhibits and special events.,A | Read the question