1、,主謂一致,主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和意義方面必須和主語(yǔ)保持一致。把握主謂一致問(wèn)題，主要解決的是對(duì)不同結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)的認(rèn)定，進(jìn)而選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語(yǔ)。,解決主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則： 語(yǔ)法一致原則 概念一致原則 毗鄰一致原則 很多情況下應(yīng)該綜合利用這三個(gè)原則來(lái)處理主謂一致，在不同情況下可能應(yīng)用三個(gè)原則中的不同原則，具體應(yīng)用哪種原則應(yīng)該視具體情況而定。總結(jié)如下：,一. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況 二. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 三. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)的情況,一.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況,1動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、名詞性從句做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 如： Buying clothes is ofte

2、n a time-consuming job. To understand them (be) impossible. Reading without comprehension (be) no good.,一.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況,2. 表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、面積、體積、容積等度量的名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 如： Two weeks was too long .Five times five makes twenty five. Seventy miles (be) covered in a single night.,3. 當(dāng)anybody, anyone, each, eit

3、her/neither, everybody, everyone, nobody 或 no one, one, somebody/someone 等代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式： Is anybody there? Neither of them knows the truth. Nobody is willing to give up their chance.,一.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況,注意,“either, neither 和 none + of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要用單數(shù)，但有些語(yǔ)法學(xué)家認(rèn)為應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式： Either of the girls is/a

4、re on their way home. Neither of them has/have replied. None of the suggestions was/were accepted.,4當(dāng)and 連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)形式的名詞作主語(yǔ)，在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如: law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水 fork and knife 刀叉 time and tide 歲月 trial and error 反復(fù)嘗試，不斷摸索 bread and butter 奶油面包,一.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況,His warmest a

5、dmirer and severest critic was his wife. 他的妻子是他最熱心的崇拜者和最嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)者。 Whisky and soda (be) always my favorite drink. War and peace (be) a constant theme in history.,一. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況,注意：在each and each, every and every 等結(jié)構(gòu)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則只能用單數(shù)形式： Each boy and each girl is asked to help. Every meeting room and every bed

6、room is occupied.,一.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況,5表示學(xué)科和某些疾病名稱(chēng)的名詞以及表示國(guó)家、組織等名稱(chēng)的專(zhuān)有名詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)候謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 arthritics關(guān)節(jié)炎 statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) measles 麻疹 phonetics 語(yǔ)音學(xué) optics 光學(xué) genetics 遺傳學(xué) General Motors 通用公司 the Netherlands 荷蘭 the New York Times 紐約時(shí)報(bào) the United Nations 聯(lián)合國(guó),如：Linguistics is a branch of study on human language .

7、 語(yǔ)言學(xué)是研究人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言的分支學(xué)科。 Statistics is an indispensable analytical tool in modern society. 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)必不可少的分析工具。 Measles (be) much less common now than it used to be . General Motors (be) a large multinational company.,一. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況,6. a pair of + 由兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞（如：shoes, scissors, glasses, jeans, pants, trouser

8、s 等）做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如： My new pair of pants is being altered. A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 但是這些名詞直接作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 如： My black trousers have worn out. 我的黑褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。,二. 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)情況 1.由and, both and, 連接的并列主語(yǔ)，和both ,a few, many ,several 等修飾語(yǔ)后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式 如： Few people know he and I were classmat

9、es when we were at college. 注意：此處應(yīng)注意 and 連接的并列主語(yǔ)的兩種情況。 見(jiàn)P8,二. 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)情況,2.集體名詞police, public, militia(國(guó)民軍), cattle ,class ,youth后常用復(fù)數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞 如：The Chinese people are brave and hardworking. The cattle are grazing in the sunshine .,二. 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)情況,3當(dāng)表示民族的詞與冠詞合用當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 翻譯：日本民族曾經(jīng)很具有侵略性。 The Japanese were

10、once very aggressive . 4某些形容詞前面加定冠詞表示一類(lèi)人，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) 翻譯：有錢(qián)人并不都自私。 The rich are not always selfish.,三. 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的情況,1 就近一致原則 這種情況下，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近該動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)，存在這種情況的主要由以下幾種可能：,就近一致原則,1） 由連詞 eitheror; neithernor; whether or; not onlybut (also) ; 等連接的并列主語(yǔ) 如： Neither money nor fame (have) influence o

11、n me . Not only you but also he (be) wrong .,就近一致原則,2) 在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后面的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致 如：1. Beside the gate stands a tall grave-faced policeman. 2. Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.,三. 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的情況,2 主語(yǔ)帶有（together/along）with, accompanied by, as well as, no less than, e

12、xcept, besides, combined with, in addition to , including, 等等附加成分，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)不受附加成分的影響仍然與主語(yǔ)保持一致. 如： The president of the college, together with the deans, (be) planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.,三. 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的情況,3一些表示數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)與名詞連用時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于名詞的數(shù)，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，反之就用單數(shù)。這些短語(yǔ)包

13、括： a lot of /lots of; plenty of/heaps of; half of; two thirds (three fourths) of; eighty (ten, twenty) percent; part of; rest of 等等,如： Two thirds of people present are women. Lots of damage (be) caused by the fire .,注意：all, half, some 及most 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及其相應(yīng)的代詞應(yīng)按照概念一致的原則，根據(jù)其表達(dá)的概念或所接of 后的名詞的數(shù)來(lái)確定。 All th

14、at he wants (be) a quiet room. All of the fruit (look) ripe. All of the cherries (look) ripe.,Most of the food tastes delicious. Most of the books are interesting. Some of the sugar is damp. Some of the students go there by us.,三. 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的情況,4集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)表示的意思和數(shù)，當(dāng)表示整體時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的個(gè)體時(shí)候

15、，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。 這些集體名詞如：army, audience, band ,government ,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop, crowd, firm, family 等等 The family (is/are) the basic unit of our society. The family (were/was) watching the TV .,三. 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的情況,5. 在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)形式+形容詞從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中， 關(guān)系代詞who, that 或which 的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是o

16、ne, 所以，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要按毗鄰一致的原則，采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 He is one of those persons who always think they are right. One of the tourist cars which (be) brand-new went dead because of a loose wire.,但是，如在one 前面有修飾the only 時(shí)， 關(guān)系代詞指代的則是one, 而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按語(yǔ)法一致的原則用單數(shù)形式： He is the only one of those boys who is willing t

17、o take on another assignment.,6某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的數(shù) 第一組： a great many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) a number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) the majority of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) 第二組； the number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) each/every of+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) neither/either of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) one and a half + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),第三組； more than one + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) many

18、 a + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),Lets do the exercises!,語(yǔ)法一致原則,語(yǔ)法上一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上一致，即根據(jù)主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞亦為復(fù)數(shù)： The content of these books is very good. The results of examination show that you have all made good progress.,概念一致原則,概念上一致指的是動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上的一致不是根據(jù)其外部語(yǔ)法形態(tài)，而是根據(jù)主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在涵義。有時(shí)，主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義