1、英語語法知識匯總-五B第一課時名詞復(fù)數(shù)重點：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則。難點：靈活運用。各種不同情況變化方法例詞一般情況直接加-sbook-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾加-esbus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches peachpeachesglass-glasses以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i, 再加-esfamily-families study-studies以“f或fe”結(jié)尾變f或fe為v，再加-esknife-knives不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)man-men woman-wome

2、n policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice foot-feet child-children fish-fish Chinese-Chinese這里強調(diào)兩點：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is.1.一般+s 如mapmaps， bagbags等2.特殊：以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的單詞+es如busbuses， watchwatches等； 3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，去掉y加上ies，以元音字母+y結(jié)尾加上s4.以f或fe結(jié)尾，去掉f/fe加上ves。如 knifeknives leafleaves wolfwolves w

3、ifewives lifelives thiefthieves5.有時可數(shù)，有時不可數(shù)：典型例詞：fish 當(dāng)它解釋為魚肉時是不可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)它解釋成同一種魚時，單復(fù)數(shù)同形，復(fù)數(shù)即為fish，當(dāng)它解釋為不同一種魚時，+es,即為fishes.6.以o結(jié)尾，a) photophotos ，pianopianos,radioradios，zoozoos b）加es的名詞有：potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes7.特殊詞：child-children(小孩) man-men（男人） woman-women(女人）8.單復(fù)數(shù)同形(單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)一樣）people(人）sheep(綿羊)

4、 deer（鹿）)9.國人變復(fù)數(shù) :口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面。 Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen American-Americans等等10. 字母、數(shù)字、引語、縮略語變復(fù)數(shù)，在其后加s或s。 eg. There are two ts in the word “bottle. There are two 1s in the number “2011.一、用所給的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)的正確形式填空：1 There are three _(chair) in the classr

5、oom. 2These _(tomato) are red.3My brother looks after two _(baby) 4 My father likes to eat _(potato). 5Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles.6I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom.7I help my mother wash _(dish) in the kitchen. 8I have two _(pencil-box). 9There are some _(bus)in the street.10Peter has

6、eight _(foot).二、選擇填空 ( )1I can see three _ in the zoo. A monkeys B monkeyes C monkey ( )2.The pig has four _. A. foot B. feet C. foots ( )3.My two brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen ( )4.I can see ten _ in the picture. A. sheep B. dog C. pig ( )5.The _ has three_. A. boys,

7、watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches ( )6.Can you see _on the plate? A. bread B. breads C. breades( )7.The girl often brushes her_ before she goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth ( )8.Mr Black often drink some _.A. milk B. milks C.milkes ( )9.There are some _on the floor. A. child B. water C. b

8、ooks( )10.Lucy will show us some new _ of hers. A. photo B. photos C. Photoes第二課時2、人稱代詞和物主代詞 人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性形容詞性第一人稱I（我）mewe（我們）usmy（我的）our（我們的）第二人稱you（你）youyou（你們）youyour（你的）your（你們的）第三人稱he（他）himthey（他/她/它們）themhis（他的）their（他/她/它們的）she（她）herher（她的）it（它）itit（它的）重點：區(qū)分人稱代詞和物主代詞。 難點：詞性。人稱代

9、詞：有主格和賓格之分。一般動詞前用主格，動詞后用賓格。1、 用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞填空： 1. _ is my aunt. we often visit _. ( she ) 2. china is a developing country. _is in the east of asia. ( its ) 3. what day is _ today? _ is thursday. (its) 5. i own a blue bike. the red one isnt _. ( i ) 二、用形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞填空 1. i ate all _ sandwiches yesterd

10、ay.( i ) can i have one of _ ? ( you ) 2. george has lost _ ( his ) pen. ask mary if（是否）she will lend him _ . ( she ) 3. jack has a dog and so have i. _ ( he ) dog and _( i ) had a fight (打架). 4. the teacher wants you to return that book of _ ( he ) 5. mr. and mrs. green and a friend of _ are coming

11、 to see us. ( they )三、用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞和物主代詞填空 a. 從括號內(nèi)選擇正確的代詞填空1. your football clothes are on the desk. please put _(they，them，their，theirs) away.2. (we，us，our，ours)_ english teacher is mrs. green. we all like _(she，her，hers).3. (i，me，my，mine)_ cant get my kite. could you help _(i，me，my，mine)? b. 填入正確的人稱代詞和

12、物主代詞 1. this isnt_knife. _ is green. ( she ) 2. these are your books，kate. put _ in the desk，please. (they ) 3. _ must look after _ things. ( you ) 4. wei fang，is that _ ruler? yes，its.( you ) 5. they want a football. give _ the green one，please. ( they)四、用括號中的適當(dāng)形式填空（1）are these _（you）pencils? yes,

13、they are _（our）. （2）whose is this pencil? its _（i）. （3）i love _（they）very much. （4）she is_（i）classmate. 第三課時冠詞指近處指遠(yuǎn)處單數(shù)this （這個）that （那個）復(fù)數(shù)these（這些）those（那些）有a、an、the。 a和an的區(qū)別：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u）前，a用于輔音音素前。基本用法當(dāng)代語法把冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞（即不用冠詞）三種。冠詞是一種虛詞，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定詞，放在名詞（或名詞化的形容詞分詞）前面，說明其所指的人

14、或物。 此類問題很多人都會陷入誤區(qū)，認(rèn)為見到a,e,i,o,u前面就該用不定冠詞an,如果不是就用a，這是不對的哦，其實正確的理解應(yīng)該是當(dāng)單個字母或單詞發(fā)音以元音開頭就用an,否則用a，可以說當(dāng)用an時與是否出現(xiàn)元音字母無關(guān)。 a用于輔音前；an用于元音前。一般說來，元音字母發(fā)元音，輔音字母發(fā)輔音。 但需請注意以下3點： (1拼寫以輔音字母開頭讀音卻以元音開頭的單詞 hour, honest, honor等單詞的拼寫雖然以輔音字母h開頭，但其讀音卻以元音開頭，因此，前面要用an。 (2) 拼寫以元音字母開頭讀音卻以輔音開頭的單詞 useful, university, usual, unite

15、d, European, one-eyed, one-way等單詞的拼寫雖然以元音字母開頭，但其讀音卻不以元音開頭，因此，前面要用a。 (3)在26個英文字母中，a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x這12個字母的讀音是以元音開頭的，其余字母的讀音則是以輔音開頭的1. In America, _ car is _ popular means of transportation（交通設(shè)施）.A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a2. - What happened? - They left in such _ hurry

16、that they forgot to lock _ door.A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a3. There were two small rooms in the house, _ smaller of which served as _ kitchen.A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a4. I ordered _ book some time ago. _ book has arrived.A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The5. Mr Smith is _ Eur

17、opean and his wife is _ American.A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a第四課時特殊疑問句表示疑問，有疑問詞（在開頭），回答有很多種可能。常用疑問詞： 疑問詞意思用法What time什么時間問具體時間，如幾點鐘Who誰問人Whose誰的問主人Where在哪里問地點What什么問東西、事物What colour什么顏色問顏色How old多大年紀(jì)問年紀(jì)How many多少數(shù)量（可數(shù)名詞）問數(shù)量How much多少錢；多少數(shù)量（不可數(shù)名詞）問多少錢或數(shù)量（不可數(shù)）把下面的句子變成否定句。1. She is watching TV n

18、ow. 2. We go to school on Sunday. 3. His father works hard. 4. Jacks mother is a nurse. 5. The cat runs fast. 把下列句子改為一般疑問句。1. We need some masks. 2. They like making the puppet. 3. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house. 4.I put a book on my head. 6. They sing “In the classroom”together. 第五課時一般現(xiàn)在時表示

19、某動作或者某狀態(tài)是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情,或者是自然規(guī)律。 主語+be動詞（am, is , are) 主語+動詞原形（注意動詞要根據(jù)主語變?nèi)龁危?）一般現(xiàn)在時中的be動詞：一般用原形：am is aream用于第一人稱單數(shù)（I）；is用于第三人稱單數(shù)（he she it和其他人名或稱謂，如：Ben his sister等）；are用于第二人稱單數(shù)（you）和所有復(fù)數(shù)（包括第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)we、第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)you；第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)they和其他復(fù)數(shù)，如the children 、 his parents等）。（2）一般現(xiàn)在時中的動詞：第一種情況：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)（he she it 和其他，如Helen

20、、her cousin 等），動詞后一般加s或es。第二種情況：主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞都用原形。（4）一般現(xiàn)在時判斷依據(jù)（如何判斷一個句子是一般現(xiàn)在時）：be動詞是am、is、are 動詞用原形或加s、es沒有時間狀語或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具體的時間專項練習(xí)：一、 單選1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2 One of the boys_ a bla

21、ck hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain Bdidnt rain Cdoesnt rain Disnt rain4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets二、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(

22、know)English?3Her home_ _ _(遠(yuǎn)離 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?第三人稱形式易出錯例：1 He plaies (play) football very well.2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.解析：1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es；2與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不同，變第三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.2、 在句式變換時易出錯例：1 Does Jenny has (ha

23、s) a good friend?2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China.解析：單三人稱做主語的一般現(xiàn)在時做句式變化時，可記住如下口訣：“見助動，用原形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時態(tài)中。e.g. He didnt go home yesterday.對do的理解易出錯例：We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon.解析：do是一個比較難理解的詞，它有三個含義:a)是所有行為動詞的總稱；b)是助動詞，無實義；c)是一個具體的行為動詞“做，干”。此句中給出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，?/p>

24、須在do前加助動詞dont。五、對主語的數(shù)判斷有誤例： Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.解析:表面一看是“我和李明兩個人在北京”，但with在此做伴隨狀語，不能做主語，故用is.另外，賓語從句中，從句部分若是表示客觀真理，不管主句是何時態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時；在時間和條件狀語從句中，主句表將來，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。第六課時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（1）構(gòu)成形式：Be動詞+動詞的ing形式 這里強調(diào)一點，兩者缺少其中任何一種都不可以構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。（2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示動作正在進(jìn)行或事情正在發(fā)生。（3）有用的依據(jù)：一個句子中既有be動詞，又有動詞，且動詞加了ing 該句

25、是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（4）句中往往有now、look、listen等詞。動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化見下表：詞尾情況變化方式例詞一般情況加ingplay玩playing do做doinggo去going jump跳jumpingsing唱singing ski滑雪skiingsee看見-seeing以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾去e加ingmake做making take拿到takinglike喜歡liking come來comingwrite寫writing dance跳舞dancinghave有having close關(guān)closing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，中間只有一個元音字母，詞尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加ingswim游泳swimming sit坐sittingrun跑running get得到gettingput放putting begin開始beginningjog慢跑jogging練習(xí)：1Mr Zheng (read) a book now.2. The rabbits (jump) now.3. Look ! Tom and John (swim).4.