1、Copyright Allyn Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Conception and Implantation,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Periods of Prenatal Development,Copyright Allyn & Baco

2、n 2007,The Placenta and Umbilical Cord,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Prenatal Development and Later Health,Low Birth Weight Greater chance of Heart Disease Stroke Diabetes High Birth Weight Greater chance of breast cancer,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Sensitive Periods in Prenatal Development,Copyrigh

3、t Allyn & Bacon 2007,Factors AffectingHarm from Teratogens,Dose Heredity Other negative influences Age at time of exposure,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Teratogen Substances,Drugs Prescription Nonprescription Illegal Tobacco Alcohol Radiation Pollution,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Maternal Factors in

4、 Healthy Prenatal Development,Infectious Diseases Nutrition Emotional Stress Rh Blood Factor Age Previous Births,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Complications and Maternal Age,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,The Three Stages of Birth,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,The Apgar Scale,Appearance Pulse Grimace Ac

5、tivity Respiration,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Elements of Natural, or Prepared, Childbirth,Classes Relaxation & Breathing Techniques Labor Coach Social support,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Birth Complications,Oxygen Deprivation (Anoxia) Breech Position Rh Factor Incompatibility,Copyright Allyn & B

6、acon 2007,Medical Interventions in Childbirth,Fetal Monitoring Medication Analgesics Anesthetics Cesarean Delivery,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Low Birth Weight and Disabilities,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies,Preterm Born weeks before their due date May be appropriate

7、 weight for length of pregnancy,Small-for-Date May be born at due date or preterm Below expected weight for length of pregnancy,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Interventions for Preterm Infants,Isolette Respirator Feeding tube Intravenous medication,Special Infant Stimulation Kangaroo care Parent Train

8、ing in Caregiving,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Infant Mortality Around the World,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Newborn Reflexes,Eye Blink Rooting Sucking Moro,Palmar Grasp Tonic Neck Stepping Babinski,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Infant States of Arousal,Regular Sleep Irregular Sleep Drowsiness Quiet

9、 Alertness Waking Activity and Crying,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Ways to Soothe a Crying Baby,Hold on shoulder and rock or walk Swaddle Offer a pacifier Go for a ride Massage Combine methods Let cry for short time,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Newborn Sense of Touch,Sensitive to touch on mouth, pal

10、ms, soles, genitals Highly sensitive to pain Relieve pain with anesthetics, sugar solution, gentle holding Physical touch releases endorphins,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Newborn Senses of Taste and Smell,Prefer sweet tastes at birth Quickly learn to like new tastes Have odor preferences from birth

11、Can locate odors and identify mother by smell from birth,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Newborn Sense of Hearing,Can hear a wide variety of sounds at birth Prefer complex sounds to pure tones Learn sound patterns within days Sensitive to voices and biologically prepared to learn language,Copyright All

12、yn & Bacon 2007,Newborn Sense of Vision,Least developed sense at birth Visual structures in eyes and brain not fully formed Limited acuity Scan environment, track moving objects Color vision improves in first two months,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007,Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS),Evaluates newborn: Reflexes State changes Uses include: Discovering individual & cultural differences Helping parents get to know their babies Not a good predictor of later development,Responsiveness to physical and social stimuli Other reactions,Copyright Ally