1、Chapter III Discovery and Colonization of the New World,(1492-1679),Discovery of the New World Colonization of the New World,Discovery of the New World,1. Background of the New World 2. Purpose for exploring the unknown world 3. Process of the voyages between 1488-1534,1. Background of the discovery

2、,1) inhabitants-American Indians They were migrants from eastern Siberia and belong to the Mongoloid peoples. They traveled into the New World more than 20,000 years ago, and spread all over North and South America from Alaska to Cape Horn.,2) settlers-European people (the change of Europe),a. About

3、 A.D 1000, the Norsemen from Scandinavia happened on America, but didnt exert great influence in the world. Europe was poor; politically fragmented beset by local wars civil disorder largely illiterate,b. By the end of 15th century, the modern European world was to be formed. the growth of trade and

4、 commerce the rise of the middle class the revolution of national states the reformation of the Christian church the development of representative government led to the discovery of the New World,2. background for exploring the unknown world,Reason: Venice had built a monopoly on the Mediterranean t

5、rade: other nations, England, France, Spain and Portugal wanted to break it and get their fair share of it-so they have to send out explorer to seek other routes to the East. Conditions: 1) Improvement in navigation and naval architecture: better maps and charts maneuverable and stable ships compass

6、 2) The great spirit of adventure and enthusiasm swept over the people of Europe, which started by the Renaissance,3. Process of the voyages between 1488-1534,In 1488, Bratholomeu Diaz, sailing under the Portuguese flag, went to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern Africa; In 1492, Christopher Colu

7、mbus, financed by the king and queen of Spain, sailed west in search of East Asia and discovered the Islands of the Caribbean which he called West Indians. In 1499, Amerigo Vespucci, under the Spanish flag, sailed west and discovered the continent of South America. It was named after him, America. E

8、ngland send John Cabot, an Italian explorer, across the Atlantic in 1497 and in 1498 to explore the coast of North America. England rested its claims to the lands. In 1498, the Portuguese explorer, Vasco da Gama completed the work of Diaz and sailed around the southern tip of Africa and reached Indi

9、a. In 1519, Spain send Ferdinane Magellan with five ships to sail around the world for the first time. In 1534, the French succeeded in planting their flags in the New World by the voyages of Jacques Cartie to Canada.,Colonization of the New World,the ownership of the New World the forming of the 13

10、 colonies governmental and social structures of the 13 colonies,1. the ownership of the New World,Portuguese , Spanish-overrun the vast land of what is now called Latin America English, French- settled the present day United States and Canada slowly, but cruelly English-Most of east coast, south of

11、the St. Lawrence River, north of Florida and strentching inland as far as the Appalachians in the west was in the hands of the British.,2. The forming of the 13 colonies,In April 1607, three ships with 104 English settlers arrived off the Virginia coast and built the first successful settlement call

12、ed Jamestown. In 1620, a tiny ship called “May Flower” sailed from England for the New World with 102 passengers. About half of them were pilgrims who were the first group of Puritans to settle in North America. They landed to far Virginia, in what is now Massachusetts; They set up their own governm

13、ent agree to stick together “May Flower Compact” ( beginning abide by majority role of the US democracy) have a right to choose their leader,3) The 13 colonies New England colonies: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut New Hampshire; Middle colonies: New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania,

14、 Delaware, southern colonies: Virginia, North and South Carolinas, Georgia.,3) The 13 colonies different developing directions the New England-became a center for fishing and shipbuilding, and the successful merchants and prosperous ship-builders laid the foundation for the later appearance of the A

15、merican big bourgeoisie. the middle colonies-became the most productive area for general farming. Wheat and potatoes were the major staple. the southern colonies-developed a plantation system, with the exploitation of slave labor. Tobacco was the main crop.,3. Governmental and social structures of t

16、he 13 colonies,The governmental structure Governmental structure eight of the colonies-royal colonies three colonies-under proprietors two colonies-under self-governing charters. Two house legislative body the upper house (council) the lower house The social structure-like a pyramid the top-merchant

17、s and landlords the base-refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa, and native Indians,New England-Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut The Middle- Pennsylvania, New York New Jersey, Delaware The south Virginia, Maryland North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,The Royal Colon

18、y- Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey Virginia, Georgia, North Carolinas, South Carolinas. The Proprietor Colony- Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland. The self-governor colony- Rhode Island, Connecticut,*the Thanksgiving Day,During the first iced winter in the dwelling place called Plymouth, the Pilgrims, the first settlers, suffered much hardship and about half of