1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí),動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 2012.10.14,時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn) 1、考查在語(yǔ)境中判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。?？嫉臅r(shí) 態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn) 行、過(guò)去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過(guò)去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn) 行、過(guò)去將來(lái)等。 2、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；主從 句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問(wèn)題。 3、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。 4、及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 5、系動(dòng)詞的用法特點(diǎn)。 6、某些以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞的用法。,16種時(shí)態(tài),study/ studies,am（is,are） studying,have(has) studied,have(has) been studying,st

2、udied,was(were) studying,had studied,had been studying,will(shall) study,will (shall)be studying,will (shall) have studied,will (shall) have been studying,would (should) study,would (should) be studying,would (should) have studied,would (should) have been studying,一.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)： 1.一般用法: 1表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常

3、與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): every, sometimes,at, on Sunday。 e.g. He often goes to the cinema. 2表示現(xiàn)在的能力、特征、職業(yè)等 , e.g. He sings well.（能力） 3表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí) 、格言以及不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在的事實(shí) , e.g. Knowledge is power. （客觀真理）,2.特別用法: 1主句是將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或表示將來(lái)意義,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),e.g. Ill write to her when I have time,2讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)

4、在時(shí)表將來(lái),e.g. Whether you help him or not, he will fail. Next time Ill do as he says. 3表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表 、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),e.g. The train leaves at 12:00.,二.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（ bev-ing ）: 1. 表示現(xiàn)在（指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情。e.g. Were having a meeting. （說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作） 2. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 He is teaching in a scho

5、ol. （目前這個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作） 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái), 表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,e.g. Im leaving tomorrow.,4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always/forever/constantly / continuously等連用,表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩,e.g. Shes always helping others. 5.動(dòng)詞be的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),表示一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)或暫時(shí)的狀態(tài),e.g. She is foolish.（生性如此） She is being foolish.（一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)） 能這樣用的形容詞多為angry, careful, clever, stup

6、id, kind, brave, friendly, rude, polite等動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞。,不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 1）表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。 2）表示心理狀態(tài),情感的動(dòng)詞，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imag

7、ine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如： I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。 He loves her very much. 他愛(ài)她很深。 3）瞬間動(dòng)詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如： I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。 4）系動(dòng)詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, sme

8、ll, feel, taste, 等。例如： You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點(diǎn)累。,三.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（have/hasp.p.） 1.基本用法: 1影響性用法:表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,已經(jīng)完成,且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果, e.g. He has left the city.（結(jié)果:他不在這個(gè)城市） Someone has broken the window.（結(jié)果: 窗戶仍破著） 2持續(xù)性用法:表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,且可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去或可能到此結(jié)束,e.g. We have been busy this afternoon.,2.用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的典型場(chǎng)合: 1“

9、since過(guò)去時(shí)間”或“since接that從句（從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）”則句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),e.g. I havent seen her since last week. Where have you been since I last saw you? 2句中有so far/in （for/during）the past （last）years（months ）/up to now/until now e.g. So far there has been no news. 3“It/This/That is the first （second/third）timethat從句” 或“It/T

10、his/That is the onlythat從句” 或“It/This/That is the 最高級(jí) that從句” e.g.,It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang. It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life. It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read. （注:以上句型把is改為was,則從句時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)）

11、,3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別: 1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過(guò)去。 2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 共

12、同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等,e.g. Ive lived here for ten years. （現(xiàn)在仍住在這兒 ） I lived here for ten years. （現(xiàn)在不住在這兒 ） He has bought a house. （現(xiàn)在已擁有這房子） He bought a house. （現(xiàn)在擁不擁有這房子,不知道,只是知道買了房子,現(xiàn)在可能擁有也可能賣掉了）,四.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（have/has been v-ing） 1.一般用法:表示現(xiàn)在以前一段時(shí)間里

13、一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 這一動(dòng)作可能仍在進(jìn)行,也可能已停止,e.g. It has been raining since two days ago.,-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work? -Yes, thats why I _ to work by train. have been going have gone was going to will have gone,現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài) 高考題點(diǎn)擊： Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific,

14、 and we met no storms. （05遼寧卷） Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called,B,說(shuō)明：本題的干擾源為上下文的過(guò)去時(shí)，但“被稱為太平洋”是客觀現(xiàn)狀，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. (2001 N) A. will play B. have played C. played D. play,說(shuō)明：常識(shí)告訴我們，一個(gè)人一旦獲得某種技能，一般是不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)失去

15、的，所以需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,D,3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷） A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning,說(shuō)明：自從我贏了大獎(jiǎng)，人們不停地打電話來(lái)問(wèn)我將怎樣使用這筆錢。此處的 are phoning 表示“不停的打電話”。,D,4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use

16、is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (2001 N) A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changedD. will change,A,說(shuō)明：選擇移動(dòng)電話難的原因是由于科技正在飛速發(fā)展，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；況且進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)常給人一種情感上的描述，表示說(shuō)話者的一種“感慨、贊賞、憤怒、斥責(zé)”等。,5. _ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （05北京春季） A. Id phoned B. Ive been ph

17、oning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning,說(shuō)明：此題的干擾源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次電話是用來(lái)表示結(jié)果的，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；而每次她都占線是表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。,C,6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I wish to go there! (98 N) A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I havent C. No, I haveD. No, I havent,D,說(shuō)明：從補(bǔ)充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”沒(méi)到過(guò)北京

18、。,7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. (98 N) A. paintedB. had painted C. have been paintingD. have painted,說(shuō)明：這句話的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“一直在做”。,C,8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_ going back to school, but she hasnt decide

19、d yet. （04北京） A had consideredB has been considering C consideredD is going to consider,說(shuō)明：她“一直在考慮返?！笔乾F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，“還沒(méi)作決定”是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。,B,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比較 Its

20、time that 結(jié)構(gòu)： It is high time that we went to school.,2）This is the that結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。,典型例題(1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. hav

21、e been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month.（對(duì)）I havent received his letter for almost

22、 a month.,B,D,五.一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（did式）: 1.基本用法: 1表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài):時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等 He bought the computer five years ago. 2) 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,e.g. We often played together when we were children. 注:表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,可用would, used to, e.g. He used to go to work by bus.,2.特別

23、用法: 過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣: 1) 動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等: I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。 2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would。 e.g. Could you lend me your bike? 能借用一下你的自行車嗎？,六.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（was/were v-ing ） 1. 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, He was playing while I was studying.,-Hey, look where you are going! -Oh, Im terri

24、bly sorry._. A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent notice D. I dont notice,七.過(guò)去完成時(shí)（had p.p.） 1.表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once e.g. I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 用好過(guò)去完成時(shí),關(guān)鍵在于理解它的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 2.want /think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)不定式的一

25、般式（等于這些動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算、想法等e.g. I had meant to come, but something happened.（ I meant to have come, but something happened. ） I had intended to speak at the meeting, but time didnt permit. （ I intended to have spoken at the meeting, but time didnt permit. ）,3.一些特殊句型中的過(guò)去完成時(shí): 1“It/Thi

26、s/That was the first （second/third）timethat從句”或“It/This/That was the onlythat從句”或“It/This/That was the 最高級(jí) that從句” 2by（ the end of ) / by the time 過(guò)去時(shí)間, e.g. We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term. By the time he came back, we had repaired the machine. 3no sooner than ; hardly /scarcely w

27、hen No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his classmates. Hardly had he heard the news when he cried.,2、過(guò)去時(shí) 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! (98 N) A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised,說(shuō)明：Nancy 答應(yīng)要來(lái)這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在過(guò)去，是過(guò)去作出的承諾。,B,2. My unc

28、le _ until he was forty-five. (2000 上海) A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry,B,說(shuō)明：until 用在肯定句中時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示該動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到 until 后的時(shí)間為止；短暫性動(dòng)詞只能用在否定句中，表示直到此時(shí)該動(dòng)作才開(kāi)始。本題中 marry 是短暫性動(dòng)詞，所以只能用在否定句中。,3. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (N2002) - Im so

29、rry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say,說(shuō)明：本題的干擾源來(lái)自上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)，上文用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，下文用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以有些人就誤以為此處該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)了。但根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的意思不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒(méi)有說(shuō)出自己的評(píng)價(jià)是在這段對(duì)話以前的事了，所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。,D,4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. (95 N) A. read/was falli

30、ng B. was reading /fell C. was reading /was falling D. read fell,說(shuō)明：一般來(lái)說(shuō)在復(fù)合句中的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作大都用進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性的動(dòng)詞用一般時(shí)，表示在某個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的過(guò)程當(dāng)中另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。,B,5. The manager had fallen asleep where he _, without undressing. （05安徽卷） A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied,B,說(shuō)明：該題的意思為“經(jīng)理躺在那兒睡著了，衣服也沒(méi)脫”?！疤伞笔且粋€(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)

31、去式和過(guò)去分詞為“l(fā)ay; lain”。lay 是及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為 laid；lied 是“說(shuō)謊”的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。,6. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (02 北京) A. had cried, lost B. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lost D. cries, has lost,說(shuō)明：哭得傷心發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而丟玩具熊發(fā)生在哭之前。兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，之前

32、發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，之后發(fā)生的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。,B,7. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. (05江西卷) Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone,D,說(shuō)明：“他沒(méi)叫我就走了”這個(gè)動(dòng)作明顯發(fā)生在“我認(rèn)為”之前。所以必須用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。,八.一般將來(lái)時(shí)（will/shalldo）: 1.will表示沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮,而是在說(shuō)話的時(shí)候才決定做某事,e.g. -You forget to close the d

33、oor. -Oh, Ill close it at once. will表意愿 Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.,2. be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。 主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。 e.g. What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 e.g. The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開(kāi)播。

34、c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。 e.g. Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。,3. be +不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或安排將發(fā)生的事; 命中注定的事; 命令。 e.g. We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。 4. be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。 e.g. He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。 注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next w

35、eek 等表示明確將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 5. be due to與時(shí)間表,旅行計(jì)劃等有關(guān)。 e.g. The train is due to leave at 7:00.,九.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)（will/shallbe v-ing） 1.基本用法:表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,e.g. When I get home at 9:00 tomorrow, my son will be watching TV.,-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work? -Yes, thats why I _ to work by train. have been going h

36、ave gone was going to will have gone,十.將來(lái)完成時(shí)（will/shallhave p.p.） 1.表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間為止會(huì)完成的動(dòng)作,e.g. When we get there, shell have gone to work. 2.by（ the end of ）將來(lái)時(shí)間, e.g. We will have learnt 3,000 words by the end of next term. By the time he comes back, we will have repaired the machine. 3.與用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)一樣,

37、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句須用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來(lái),e.g. Ill go with you when I have finished my work.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。,3、將來(lái)時(shí) 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. (95 上海) A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should,說(shuō)明：此句的意思為“如果一個(gè)人想要成功，就必須盡力而為”。If 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，不能用將來(lái)時(shí)。而 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)雖然表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，但它不屬于將來(lái)時(shí)。,B,2. - Youve

38、left the light on. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. (2000 N) A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going,A,說(shuō)明：本句的重點(diǎn)是“并行結(jié)構(gòu)”，關(guān)鍵是看后面的 turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。,3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left,C,說(shuō)明：by the time 表

39、示“到為止”“在之前”，如果主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一般需要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果是將來(lái)，就需用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。,4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. (93 N) A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left,說(shuō)明：that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作“離職”應(yīng)該發(fā)生在“were surprised” 之后，故需用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。,B,4、狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when

40、you _ a bit older. (94 N) A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got,說(shuō)明：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有將來(lái)時(shí)，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)。,A,2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. (2001上海) A. have survivedB. are to survive C. would surviveD. will survive,B,說(shuō)明：條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不用將來(lái)時(shí)，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式。,3. H

41、e will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. (2002上海) A. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate,說(shuō)明：by the time 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故不能使用將來(lái)時(shí)。D選項(xiàng)雖可考慮，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)大多用來(lái)表示“義務(wù)、決定、職責(zé)、約定”等，與句意不合。,C,4. It _ long before we _ the result of the exp

42、eriment. (2002上海春季) A. will not be, will know B. is, will know C. will not be, know D. is, know,C,說(shuō)明：before 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)將來(lái)時(shí)，而主句應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)。,動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be/ get + 過(guò)去分詞 注意1. 主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)（位置不變）；（作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的）不定式前需加to。 The boss made him work all day long. He was made to work all day long(by the boss) 2. 短語(yǔ)

43、動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。 Your pronunciation should be paid attention to. 3. 當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式:（A）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。（B）用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)在后面用從句來(lái)表示。如： He is said to be a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy.,.,不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況 1. 不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 例如： （錯(cuò)）

44、The price has been risen. （對(duì)） The price has risen. （錯(cuò)） The price has raised. （對(duì)） The price has been raised. （錯(cuò)） Please seat. （對(duì)） Please be seated. 要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。 2. 系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：

45、It sounds good. 聽(tīng)上去不錯(cuò)。,主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1.表示主語(yǔ)特征、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： The book sells well.這本書銷路好。 2.be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。例如： I was to blame for the accident. 事故發(fā)生 了，我該受指責(zé)。 3.在need, require, want, worth （形容詞）, deserve后 例

46、如： The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired. 門該修了。,4. 在“be + 形容詞 + to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。 This kind of water isnt fit to drink. The girl isnt easy to get along with. 5. 用來(lái)做定語(yǔ)和被修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞不定式。 I have something to tell you.,高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. I need one more stamp befo

47、re my collection _. (94 N) A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed,說(shuō)明：集郵冊(cè)只能被完成，且在 before 從句中沒(méi)有將來(lái)時(shí)，故只能選D。,D,2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.(98 N) A. payB. paying C. paid D. to pay,C,說(shuō)明：該句的意思為“在大城市中清潔女工的工資通常是按小時(shí)支付的?！焙苊黠@該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,3. Books of this kin

48、d _ well. (99 上海) A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold,說(shuō)明：sell 既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)用作“銷售情況如何”時(shí)，sell 為不及物動(dòng)詞，故沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 類似的詞還有：wash, translate, write 等。,A,4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (01 北京春) A. lose B. will be lost C. are lostD. will lose,B,說(shuō)明：lose job 為“失業(yè)”，job 只能被失去，且動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在將來(lái)。,5. A

49、new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. (2001 北京春季) A. will be builtB. is built C. has been builtD. is being built,說(shuō)明：從后句可知電影院應(yīng)該正在修建。需要注意的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式。,D,6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.(2001上海) A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. w

50、ould be designed,說(shuō)明：by the end of 短語(yǔ)一般都與過(guò)去完成時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)連用。,B,7. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. (2002 北京春季) A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing,說(shuō)明：不要被前面使用的現(xiàn)在時(shí)所蒙蔽，在地震中搶救小孩并獻(xiàn)身的動(dòng)作只能在過(guò)去。,C,8. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoile

51、d child. (2002上海) A. is to blameB. is going to blame C. is to be blamedD. should blame,A,說(shuō)明：be to blame 是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。,9. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春季) A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut,說(shuō)明：該句

52、的意思為“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和燒毀以至于在不久的將來(lái)它們就會(huì)消失?！睆恼Z(yǔ)境中可以看出應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。,C,1.Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People_to ask how I am going to spend the money. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 2.-Im sorry, but you are fined $50! You know you_ 120 km an hour, dont you

53、? A. are driving B. were driving C. have driven D. had driven,D,B,3. They_ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ on it as no good results have come out so far. A. had been working, are still working B. had worked, were still working C. have been working, have worked D

54、. have worked, are still working,A,4. -You are drinking too much . -Only at home . No one _ me but you . is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw 5. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power_increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 6.Who is Jerry Cooper? -

55、_ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt you met him yet C. Didnt you meet him yet D. Havent you met him yet,c,C,D,7. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 8. The crazy fa

56、ns_patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived. A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait 9. -I hear Janes has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. -Oh, how nice！Do you know when she_ ? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left,C,B,D,10. I

57、dont know if he _.If he _, Ill let you know. A. will come; will come B. comes ; comes C.will come ; comes D. comes ; will come 11. -Kate has come back home from her long holidays abroad. -Oh, really ?I_ . _ visit her. A.didnt know; Ill go and B.dont know; Ill go and C.dont know ; I,m going to D.didn

58、t know; I m going to,C,A,12.I really dont think ketty will mind it,but youd better go and see her in case she _. A.does B.do C.will mind D. has minded 13.-How are the team playing? -They are playing well ,but one of them _hurt. A. got B.gets C.are D.were 14.Dont disturb her. She _ letters all the morning and has finished eight. A. was writing B. has written