1、英漢有關(guān)動(dòng)物習(xí)語的翻譯,by 劉敏 劉淑璇 羅園 錢霜,習(xí)語,Strictly speaking, idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual constituents (component part ). In a broad sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs, etc. semantically ine

2、xplicable.,習(xí)語( idiom)是某一語言在使用過程中形成的獨(dú)特的、固定的表達(dá)方式。習(xí)語包括比喻性詞組(metaphorical phrase)、俚語( slang)、俗語( colloquialism)、諺語( proverb)、典故( literary quotation)等, 是語言詞匯的重要組成部分., 英漢習(xí)語動(dòng)物意象比較,由于中西方文化存在差異，動(dòng)物所表達(dá)的內(nèi)涵不太一樣，在翻譯與動(dòng)物類有關(guān)的習(xí)語時(shí)應(yīng)注意這個(gè)問題。,(一)同一動(dòng)物有相同或相近的內(nèi)涵,(二)同一內(nèi)涵不同動(dòng)物形象,(三)同一動(dòng)物有著截然不同的內(nèi)涵,英語 漢語 as sly as a fox 如狡猾的狐貍 as

3、mild as a lamb 溫順如羊 as black as a crow 像烏鴉般黑 as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一樣勞碌 as proud as a peacock 極其驕傲(驕傲得像只孔雀) as elegant as a swan 如天鵝般的優(yōu)雅,(一)同一動(dòng)物有相同或相近的內(nèi)涵 如,“fox ”狐貍, 狡猾 ; “sheep ”綿羊, 膽小溫順; “ pig ”豬,骯臟貪吃; “wolf ”狼, 兇殘好殺; “swan”天鵝, 優(yōu)雅美麗;“snake ”蛇,陰險(xiǎn)狠毒; “dove ”鴿子, 安靜平和;“monkey ”猴子, 頑皮淘氣等。 其反映在語言中表現(xiàn)為：,(二)

4、同一文化內(nèi)涵不同動(dòng)物形象,如，漢語中的“虎威 ”在英語卻不用“tiger ”(虎), 而用“l(fā)ion ”(獅)來表示; “講大話” 英語中借助 horse 這一形象, 而漢民族卻借助“牛”這一形象, 因此英語有短語“talk horse”,而漢語有短語“吹?！?其他如: 英語 漢語 a rat in a hole 甕中之鱉 as bold as a lion 如虎般兇猛 like a hen on a hot girdle 熱鍋上的螞蟻 as strong as a horse 健壯如牛 ,漢語 英語 膽小如鼠 as timid as a rabbit 對(duì)牛彈琴 to cast pearls

5、before swine 害群之馬 black sheep of the family 如魚得水 like a duck to water,(三)同一動(dòng)物有著截然不同的內(nèi)涵,如，龍?jiān)跐h民族的文化中象征著皇權(quán), 吉祥 ,而在英美民族中 是邪惡的象征, 英語中把與上帝作對(duì)的惡魔撒旦( Satan)稱為the great dragon。 “狗” dog 一詞在英美文化中常作褒義詞, 是“Man s best friend.西方人對(duì)狗有極大的好感, 英語中有關(guān)狗的隱喻幾乎都是褒義的,而在漢語中,狗多為貶義詞。,翻譯習(xí)語的策略 （一）直譯,(一)直譯 在不違背譯文語言規(guī)范以及不引起錯(cuò)誤聯(lián)想的條件 下,在

6、譯文中保留原習(xí)語的比喻形象和民族色彩。,eg: 1.When the fox preaches, then be aware of your geese. 狐貍說教時(shí), 要當(dāng)心你的鵝。 2.a wolf in sheeps clothing 披著羊皮的狼 3.crocodiles tears 鱷魚的眼淚 4.A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush. 一鳥在手勝過雙鳥在林。,5.好馬不失蹄 Its a good horse that never stumbles. 6.Agood horse often needs a good spur

7、. 好馬常需好靴刺。 7.黑馬 dark horse 8.叫狼看守羊 set the wolf to keep the sheep 9.一箭雙雕 to kill two birds with one stone 10.路遙知馬力, 事久見人心 A long road tests a horses strength and a long task proves a mans heart.,(二)意譯 動(dòng)物習(xí)語以其喻義而有生命力, 因此抓住其喻義便是 抓住了其文化內(nèi)涵。 eg: 1.swan song 最后的作品 2.rain cats and dogs 下傾盆大雨 3.Kings and bea

8、rs often worry keepers. 伴君如伴虎 4.A living dog is better than a dead lion. 好死不如賴活 5.as poor as a church mouse 一貧如洗,（二）意譯,6.a snake in the grass偽裝成朋友的陰險(xiǎn)人 7.Every dog has its day 士別三日,刮目相看 8.You cannot make a crab walk straight. 江山易移,本性難改 9.pigs might fly 無稽之談, 奇跡可能會(huì)發(fā)生 10.lead a dogs life 過著窮途潦倒的日子 11.t

9、alk turkey 直率地說 12.have ants in ones pants 坐立不安 13.make an ass of oneself 出洋相,干傻事 14.like an ass between two bundles of hay 優(yōu)柔寡斷,猶猶豫豫 15.to fish in the air 水中撈月,16.put the cart before the horse 本末倒置 17.非驢非馬 neither fish nor fowl 18.望子成龍 to expect ones son to become an out standing personage 19.一人得道,

10、雞犬升天 even the dog swaggers when itsmaster wins favor 20.鷸蚌相爭(zhēng), 漁翁得利 Two dogs fight for a bone,and a third runs away with it. 21一朝被蛇咬, 十年怕井繩 A scalded dog thinks cold water hot. 22.狗急跳墻 Even a worm will turn. 22.塞翁失馬,焉知非福 a blessing in disguise,23.亡羊補(bǔ)牢未為晚也 Never too late to mend. 24.魚與熊掌, 不可得兼 You can

11、not eat your cake and have it. 25.螳螂捕蟬,黃雀在后 The wolf has a winning game when the shepherds quarrel. 26.一言既出,駟馬難追 A word spoken is past recalling. 27.羊毛出在羊身上 Like tree, like fruit. 28.不入虎穴,焉得虎子 Nothing brave, nothing have. 29.老馬識(shí)途 The devil knows many things because he is old. 30.人心不足蛇吞象 No man is co

12、ntent. 31.雞鳴狗盜 small tricks,(三)增譯 直譯兼意譯, 因?yàn)橐恍﹦?dòng)物習(xí)語直譯后雖不會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖 突,卻會(huì)造成語用失誤。譯文可直譯其字面意思時(shí), 再點(diǎn) 出隱含意思, 使譯文形象生動(dòng), 可收到畫龍點(diǎn)睛之效。,eg: 1.Dont change horses in the middle of the river. 不要在河中間換馬-太危險(xiǎn) 2.It was packed like sardines. 塞得像沙丁魚罐頭一樣,擁擠不堪。 3.Teach the dog to bark. 教狗怎么叫,多此一舉。 4.Each bird loves to hear himself si

13、ng. 鳥兒都喜歡聽自己唱歌, 孤芳自賞。,（三）增譯,5.Beware of a silent dog and still water. 警惕無聲之狗會(huì)咬人,平靜之水會(huì)覆舟 6.Every bird likes its own nest. 人愛其家, 鳥愛其巢 7.You can take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink. 牽馬河邊易, 逼馬飲水難; 不要逼人做他不愿做的事。 8.One sheep follows another. 一羊跟一羊, 盲從 9.Carrion crows bewail the dead sh