1、Lesson 77 A successful operation,A dead body that has been treated（處理） with special oils and wrapped in long narrow pieces of cloth to prevent it from decaying（腐爛）, especially in ancient Egypt.,Mummy,temple,Egyptian,plate,figure,figure,section,temple,Egyptian,mummy,plate,mark,disease,survive,resin,l

2、ast,prove,skin,mark 1）n. 斑點(diǎn) 這匹馬頭上有一個(gè)白色斑點(diǎn) The horse has a white mark on its head 2）n. 分?jǐn)?shù) 我在拼寫(xiě)考試中得了滿(mǎn)分 I got full marks in the spelling test. 3）n. 標(biāo)記 他用鉛筆做標(biāo)記 He made marks with a pencil. 3）v. 標(biāo)記 商品上都標(biāo)有價(jià)格 Prices are marked on the goods.,last 1）vi. 持續(xù)，延續(xù) 常跟一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的名詞或短語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 會(huì)議進(jìn)行了3個(gè)小時(shí) The meeting lasts

3、three hours. 兩國(guó)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一直持續(xù)到1453年。 The war between the two countries lasted until 1453. 2） 最不可能的,最不的 (most unlikely) 他是我最不想見(jiàn)的人 He is the last man in the world I want to see.,Prove vi. 顯示，表明 prove +to be +adj. 結(jié)果證實(shí)他是那本書(shū)的作者 He proved to be the author of the book. vt. 證明，證實(shí) 我將會(huì)證明給你看 I will prove it to you.

4、首先你應(yīng)該證明你是在這買(mǎi)的東西。 You should first prove that you bought these goods here.,skin n. 人體的皮膚；指某人是什么顏色的皮膚（可與complexion互換） We are wet to the skin. He has a dark skin/complexion. leather n. 皮革 Shoes made of real leather have become very expensive. complexion n. 膚色 面色 氣色 Look at her rosy cheeks. She has a lo

5、vely complexion.,Skin,skin，leather and complexion,Section 1）切片 醫(yī)生在顯微鏡下仔細(xì)檢查從尸體上切下來(lái)的切片。 The doctor examined the section cut from the dead body under the microscope. 2）部分 飛機(jī)的尾部著火了。 The back section of the plane caught fire. 考試由四部分組成。 The test consists of four sections.,figure 1）n.（女人的）體形 那女人身材很棒。 The l

6、ady has a great figure. 你最好多運(yùn)動(dòng)一下來(lái)保持體形。 Youd better exercise more to keep your figure. 2）人像；人影 She screamed when she saw a dark figure in her bedroom. 當(dāng)她看到臥室的房間里有個(gè)黑影時(shí)尖叫了起來(lái)。,normally adv. 通常地,正常地 通常他的壞心情會(huì)持續(xù)一到倆天。 Normally his bad mood will last one or two days. 通常在早上路上的車(chē)會(huì)少些。 Normally there are less car

7、s in the morning.,survive v.幸免于，存活 沒(méi)有乘客在空難中幸存。 None of the passengers survived in the air crash. 我很想知道他們靠那么可憐的收入是怎么活下來(lái)的。 I wonder how they can survive on such poor income. survival n. 幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 victim n.死難者，受害者,Sentence and Expressions,The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has

8、 just had an operation. 國(guó)際上以耶穌誕生為起點(diǎn)，耶穌誕生為公元，在耶穌誕生之前叫“公元前”，耶穌誕生以后叫“公元后”，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“公元”。 BC = Before Christ AD = Anno Domini（拉丁文）意為主的生年,A.D. 應(yīng)該寫(xiě)在年數(shù)之前, B.C. 應(yīng)該寫(xiě)在年數(shù)之后 eg: 由公元前三百年到公元四百年 from 300 B.C. to A.D. 400,Operation have an operation (on sb) 動(dòng)手術(shù) 他鼻子動(dòng)了手術(shù) He had an operation on his nose. give an operation on

9、 sb for sth給某人做手術(shù) 醫(yī)生給他做了癌癥手術(shù) The doctor gave an operation on him for cancer be in operation 這條規(guī)定生效了嗎？ Is this rule in operation yet? come into operation 實(shí)施;生效 這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃什么時(shí)候?qū)嵤?When will the plan come into operation?,Sentence and Expressions,The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temp

10、le of Thebes.,that 用以指代前面的 the mummy，以避免重復(fù)。在指代特指的事物時(shí)，尤其是在比較狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用that 和those 指代前面提到的事物。 這里的生活費(fèi)用比倫敦的要低。 The cost of living here is lower than that in London. that of 和those of 一般用于較正式的文體中 美國(guó)的面積比英國(guó)的大。 The area of the USA is larger than that of Britain. 湯姆的筆比其他男孩的要好。 Toms pen is better than that of t

11、he other boys.,Temple of Thebes,Luxorlks: Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple located on the east bank of the River Nile in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 BC.,Sentence and Expressions,As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, do

12、ctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. 表原因的連詞：as, for, since, because, etc. The production will be reduced from this month, as the sales go down continually. I ate the apple pie for I was very hungry. Since youre not interested, I wont tell you about it. Because

13、 cats have hair, they dont get cold outside.,Sentence and Expressions,表示死的原因，die of 和die from 的區(qū)別：一、若死因存在于人體之上或之內(nèi)（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因)，一般用介詞 of。如：die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病 (心臟病，癌癥，發(fā)燒等)二、若死因不是存在人體之內(nèi)或之上，而是由環(huán)境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介詞 from 。 如： die from an earthquake (a traffi

14、c accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震(交通事故，雷擊等)三、若死因是環(huán)境影響到體內(nèi)，即兩方面共有的原因，則可用 of, from 均可。如：die of from a drink ( a wound, overwork, starvation, hunger and cold, etc) 死于飲酒(受傷，勞累過(guò)度，饑餓，饑寒等)。實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，兩者混用的情況較多。,Sentence and Expressions,die of - 因病死 eg. die of an illness die off - 相繼死亡, 種群突然急劇的衰減 eg. R

15、abbits were dying off in that county. die out - 滅絕完全的滅亡, 滅絕 eg. This tribe and the tribal customs died out centuries ago. be dying to/for - 渴望 eg. She was dying to see the exhibit. I am dying for thirsty.,The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved

16、 to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. which 引導(dǎo)的分句為非限定性關(guān)系從句。 定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性?xún)煞N。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is ve

17、ry nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。（非限制性）,Sentence and Expressions,Sentence and Expressions,The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. Remove 1）除掉 衣服上的這些墨水污點(diǎn)洗得掉嗎? Can the ink be removed from the clothes? 2）移開(kāi) 有一會(huì)兒他的視線(xiàn)沒(méi)有從她的面孔上移開(kāi) For a moment he did not remove his eyes from her face

18、.,They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. Duamutef 杜瓦木特夫，埃及神，荷魯斯四子之一，死者胃的保護(hù)者。 wax n. 蠟（不可數(shù)名詞） All the figures in this shop are made of wax. candle n. 蠟燭（可數(shù)名詞） I keep a candle by my bed in case the lights go out suddenly.,This god which h

19、as the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. Duamutef was one of the Four Sons of Horush:rs （古代埃及的太陽(yáng)神） and a protection god of the Canopic jars卡諾皮克罐 .,Duamutef, son of Horus,荷魯斯四子（Four Sons of Horus）：冥王身體的 守護(hù)者。 艾謝特（Amset）：荷魯斯四子之一，死者肝臟的 保護(hù)者。 哈碧（Hapi，Golden Dawn，Ahephi）：荷魯斯四 子之一，死者肺的保護(hù)者。 杜

20、米特夫（Duamutef，Tuamutef;Golden Dawn， Thmoomathph）：荷魯斯四子之一，死者胃的保護(hù)者。 奎本漢穆夫（Qebhsenuef）：荷魯斯四子之一， 死者腸的保護(hù)者。,Sentence and Expressions,The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. 1、yet 表達(dá)“還，尚，仍”，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，大多與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞連用。 I have not met Eric yet. Have you had your lunch yet?,2、what 對(duì)名詞提問(wèn)，how對(duì)副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。 how在這里是對(duì)of sth.提問(wèn)的。要想用what提問(wèn)，died后面加of。The doctors have not yet decided what the woman died of. 3、decide v. 做出最終的判斷，對(duì)下判決，解決（懸案） The police cannot decide yet which of the two men is guilty.,They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but for