1、Subjunctive Mood 虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用來(lái)表示說(shuō)的話(huà)不是事實(shí)， 或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況， 而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的 語(yǔ)氣叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,Part 1 在非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中 If , 。 1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反： If + 主語(yǔ) +_ , 主語(yǔ)+ _ _ . If I _ time now, I _ with you. (have, go),had,would go,did/were,would/should/could/,might do,2. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反： If +主語(yǔ)+_, 主語(yǔ)+ _ _ . If I _ hard, I _ in the exam. (not study, f

2、ail),had not studied,would have failed,had done,would/should/could,/might have done,3. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反： If 主語(yǔ) + , 主語(yǔ)+ _ sth. 1.If I _ live long enough to have a job, I _ to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients. (choose) 2.If there _ another flood, he _ his mistake. (realize),did/were should do were to d

3、o,would /should/could/might do,were to/should,would choose,should be,might realize,用法歸納:,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法,主從 句,構(gòu) 成,時(shí)態(tài),虛擬條件 從句(if ),主 句,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的 假設(shè),與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的 假設(shè),If + 主語(yǔ) + did (be用 were),主語(yǔ) + would/ should/could/ might +do,If + 主語(yǔ) + had done,主語(yǔ) + would/ should/could/ might have done,主從 句,構(gòu) 成,虛擬條件從句(if),

4、主 句,與將來(lái)情況相反的 假設(shè),If + 主語(yǔ) + did If + 主語(yǔ) +were to do If + 主語(yǔ) + should do,主語(yǔ) + would/ should/ could/ might do,時(shí)態(tài),Fill in the blanks with proper forms: 1. If I _ (have) more time, I _ (learn) another foreign language. 2. If he _ (be) here now , he _ (show) us how to perform the experiment. 3. If I _ (rec

5、eive) your e mail then, I _ it . (answer),had,would learn,were,would show,had received,would have answered,Practice,4. If we _ (not rely) on our own strength, we _ (die) of starvation.,hadnt relied,would have died,5. If I _ (tell) him tonight, he _ (be) greatly surprised. 6. I _ (ask) him to ring yo

6、u up if I _ (see) him. 7. If you _ (get) back next week, we _ (go) camping together.,told/were to tell /should tell,would be,would ask,saw / should see / were to see,got/should get /were to tell,would go,1. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句,If you had listened to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble now. If the doctor had come

7、 in time, Amy would still be alive. If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.,幾種特殊情況,2. If 可能被省略,從句要倒裝,Were she in charge (= If she were in charge) , she would do things differently. Had I known your address (= If I had known your address) , I would have written before. Should

8、 you change your mind (= If you should change your mind), no one would blame you.,3.不含條件從句, 但有條件假設(shè)意義,Without your help, I couldnt have achieved all this. ( If it hadnt been for your help) 2.But for his pension, he would starve. ( If it were not for his pension),1Without examinations，students today _

9、 (live) a much happier life. 2.I was busy yesterday, or/otherwise I _ (come) to help you. 3.He_ (succeed), but he was too careless. Note : 有時(shí)不用條件狀語(yǔ)從句, 而用介詞短語(yǔ), or, otherwise 或but 引導(dǎo)的并列句等來(lái)表示某種假設(shè)的情況, 叫做含蓄條件句。,would live,would have come,could have succeeded,1 If he had not lost his money, he _ the piano

10、 last week. A would buy B had bought C bought D could have bought 2 If we were to be 200 years old, we _ everything. A will change B can change C could change D changed 3 If you _ that film last night, you would not be so sleepy now. A didnt see B havent seen C wouldnt seen D hadnt seen,4 You are la

11、te. If you _ a little minutes earlier, you _ him. A came, would meet B had come, would have met 5 But for the storm, we _ a pleasant journey. A should have B have had C would have D should have had 6 _ earlier, I could have done something. A Have I been informed B Had I been informed C I had been in

12、formed,7 _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A If were I B I were C Were I D Was I 8 Without the computer, the problem _ in such a short time. A couldnt be solved B wouldnt have solved C couldnt have been solved 9 Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A will be B woul

13、d be C is,Wish,In Subjunctive mood,Part2,I wish I were as tall as you.,I wish I were a butterfly.,I wish every day were my birthday.,I wish I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.,1)as if / as though,as if / as though + past subjunctive,Part 3,He talks about Rome as though hehad been there himself.,在 comm

14、and, order , require ,demand, request, insist, propose, suggest等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) +動(dòng)詞原形 We suggest that we (should) have a meeting. We insisted that they (should) go with us.,記?。篿nsist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要用不同的語(yǔ)氣 Insist 表示“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，用虛擬形式，即 should + do; Insist 表示“堅(jiān)稱(chēng)，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示事實(shí)。 Suggest

15、 表示“建議”時(shí)，用虛擬形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。,1.He suggested that we _ it at once.(do) 2.His pale face suggested that he _ ill. (be) 3.We insisted that the meeting _ off.( put) 4.Mike insisted that he _ nothing.(steal),should do,was,should be put,stole,虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句中。 名詞advice, order, demand, proposa

16、l, command, requirement, insistence,suggestion, request等的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成是(should) +動(dòng)詞原形 We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for our summer vocation.,.在主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應(yīng)如此等主觀的情感,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) +動(dòng)詞原形。 1.It is important that we (should) clean the room

17、every day. (necessary, natural, strange,etc. ) 2.It is a pity that you (should) be so careless. (a shame, no wonder, etc.) 3.It is suggested that Miss Liu (should) give a performance at the party.( decided, ordered, requested, proposed,etc),It is (high) time that did/should do （should不可?。?It is time

18、 that we left school. would rather that did/had done I would rather Tom played with me. -Can I smoke here? -Id rather you didnt.,I would rather he painted it blue. I would rather you had gone there.,. If only 意為：若是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好 If only I had arrived in time! If only she didnt drive so fast.,If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice,1.If it _(rain) tomorrow,we _ (not go out). 2._(be) I in good health, I _ (go) with you tomorrow.,rained/s