1、,A taste of English humour,Unit 3,Section Learning about Language,欄目導(dǎo)航,v.ing形式的用法 一、v.ing形式作表語 v.ing形式作表語有兩種不同的含義： 1.說明主語的內(nèi)容。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 她的工作是盡量使報(bào)告廳保持干凈。 The real question is getting to know the needs of the students. 真正的問題是了解學(xué)生的需要。 His hobby is collect

2、ing stamps. 他的愛好是集郵。,考點(diǎn)語法細(xì)解,2.說明主語具有的特征。 The problem is quite puzzling. 這個(gè)問題很令人困惑。 It was astonishing to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world. 看到了世界上其他地方找不到的動(dòng)植物真是令人驚訝。 The food at the dinner party did not seem very inviting. 宴會上的食物似乎并不誘人。,【溫馨提示】 v.ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語、表語或賓語的

3、區(qū)別： 一般說來，v.ing形式表示一般性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或抽象性的動(dòng)作，時(shí)間概念不強(qiáng)。而動(dòng)詞不定式表示的動(dòng)作往往是具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作，特別是將來的動(dòng)作。,Smoking is forbidden here. 這里禁止吸煙。(泛指) Its not good for you to smoke so much. 吸這么多煙對你的身體不好。(具體) They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold. 天冷時(shí)他們喜歡待在室內(nèi)。(泛指) Would you prefer to stay at home this evening? 今晚你想待在家

4、里嗎？(具體),二、v.ing形式作定語 1.單個(gè)的v.ing形式可以作前置定語，一般有兩種含義。 (1)說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。 a reading room= a room for reading 閱覽室 running shoes= shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method = a method of working 工作方法 a sewing machine 縫紉機(jī) a swimming pool 游泳池 a drawing board 畫板 a dining car 餐車 a driving permit 駕駛許可證 a walking stic

5、k 手杖 a singing competition 歌詠比賽 a waiting room 候車室,(2)表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近于一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。 developing countries = countries that are developing 發(fā)展中國家 an ordinarylooking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起來很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 一個(gè)令人困惑的問題

6、The working people are masters of our country. 勞動(dòng)人民是我們國家的主人。,Let sleeping dogs lie.不要惹麻煩。 a disappointing play令人失望的戲劇 an astonishing adventure驚人的冒險(xiǎn) boiling water正在沸騰的水 a sleeping baby熟睡的嬰兒 a barking dog狂吠的狗 the setting sun落日 the coming week下一周 failing sight逐漸衰退的視力,2.作定語的ing形式如果是一個(gè)短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面。 The

7、 bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 裝著醋的那個(gè)瓶子應(yīng)送到實(shí)驗(yàn)室去。 They lived in a house facing south. 他們住在一所朝南的房子里。 The book being discussed a lot will be published next month. 人們談?wù)摵芏嗟哪潜緯乱粋€(gè)月將出版。,3.有些情況下，v.ing形式不能用來作定語，必須使用定語從句。 (1)作定語的ing形式表示的動(dòng)作要與主句謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如兩者不能同時(shí)發(fā)生，則需使用定語從句。 【誤】The p

8、rofessor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture. 【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. 昨天來的教授將要給我們作一個(gè)講座。,(2)ing形式的完成式一般只用來作狀語，不作定語。 【誤】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake wi

9、ll be rebuilt soon. 被地震毀壞的廟宇很快就要修建了。,三、v.ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 1.v.ing形式可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,look at,listen to,observe,find等表示感官和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語，和一個(gè)名詞或代詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。 We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我們聽見孩子們在樓上叫喊。 I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下車的時(shí)候注意到一個(gè)男人

10、正從銀行里跑出來。 I felt my heart beating violently. 我覺得我的心在猛烈地跳動(dòng)。,2.v.ing形式和不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別。 在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官動(dòng)詞后，既可用v.ing形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，也可用不帶to的不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，兩者之間有一定的區(qū)別。用v.ing形式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用不帶to的不定式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，即動(dòng)作的全過程結(jié)束了。 He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看見一個(gè)女孩兒在上汽車。(She was getting on the car.) He saw a g

11、irl get on the car and drive off. 他看見一個(gè)女孩兒上車開走了。(She got on the car and drove off.),Do you hear someone knocking at the door？ 你聽見有人在敲門嗎？(Someone is knocking at the door.) Do you hear someone knock at the door? 你聽見有人敲門了嗎？(Someone knocked at the door just now.) 提示： 如果賓語補(bǔ)足語是一系列的動(dòng)作，通常只能用不定式來表示，不用v.ing形式。 I saw him enter the room,sit down and light a cigarette. 我看見他走進(jìn)房間，坐了下來，點(diǎn)燃了一根香煙。,3.v.ing形式也可用在have,get,leave,keep,set,catch等表示“致使”的動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 They sho